{"id":3919,"date":"2012-02-07T16:57:09","date_gmt":"2012-02-07T16:57:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kuran\/\/?p=3919"},"modified":"2014-12-13T11:37:28","modified_gmt":"2014-12-13T09:37:28","slug":"miras","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kuran\/miras\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00ceRAS"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u00ceRAS (*)<\/strong><\/p>\n

*Fer\u00e2iz; s\u00f6zl\u00fckte; takd\u00eer ve t\u00e2yin edilmi\u015f \u015fey, belirlenmi\u015f hisse, kesin din\u00ee emir m\u00e2n\u00e2lar\u0131na gelen far\u00eeza kelimesinin \u00e7o\u011fulu olan fer\u00e2iz \u0130sl\u00e2m hukukunda m\u00eeras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n terikeden alacaklar\u0131 paylar ile m\u00eeras hukuku m\u00e2n\u00e2s\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan bir terimdir. Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019de ve Hazreti Peygamber-aleyhissel\u00e2m-\u2019\u0131n konuyla ilgili uygulama ve il\u00e2ve a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131nda, m\u00eeras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n hisselerinin a\u00e7\u0131k ve kesin bir \u015fekilde belirlenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 olmas\u0131 sebebiyle m\u00eeras hukukuna \u201cFer\u00e2iz\u201ddenilmi\u015f ve Efendimiz-aleyhissel\u00e2m-d\u00f6neminden itibaren do\u011fup geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. F\u0131k\u0131hta m\u00eeras\u00e7\u0131lar, v\u00e2ris olma s\u0131ra ve derecelerine g\u00f6re dokuz s\u0131n\u0131ftan olu\u015fur. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda \u201cash\u00e2b-\u0131 fer\u00e2iz\u201d gelir. \u0130kinci s\u0131rada, vef\u00e2t edenin baba taraf\u0131ndan erkek akrabas\u0131 ve erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 anlam\u0131ndaki \u201casabe\u201d gelir. Asabe tek ba\u015f\u0131na bulundu\u011funda m\u00eeras\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131, ash\u00e2b-\u0131 fer\u00e2iz beraber bulundu\u011funda ise onlardan arta kalan\u0131 al\u0131r. Bu iki gruptan kimse bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u201czevi\u2019l-erh\u00e2m\u201d grubunu te\u015fk\u00eel eden h\u0131s\u0131mlar m\u00eeras\u00e7\u0131 olur. (Diy\u00e2net)<\/p>\n

*M\u00eeras (a.i.ver\u00e2set ve irs\u2019ten.c:mev\u00e2r\u00ees); vef\u00e2t edenin h\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131na veya kanunen verilmesi gereken kimseye b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 mal, m\u00fclk, para.<\/p>\n

4\/ en-Nis\u00e2 -7- Ana, baba ve akrabalar\u0131n m\u00eeras olarak b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131nda erkeklerin hissesi vard\u0131r. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n da ana, baba ve akrabalar\u0131n b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131nda hisseleri vard\u0131r. Bunlar, az olsun \u00e7ok olsun, farz k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir hissedir.<\/p>\n

11- ALL\u00c2H size evlatlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n m\u00eeras taksimini \u015f\u00f6yle emrediyor: \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131zda, erke\u011fe iki kad\u0131n pay\u0131 kadar, e\u011fer hepsi kad\u0131n olmak \u00fczere ikiden de fazla iseler, bunlara m\u00eeras\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te ikisi ve e\u011fer bir tek kad\u0131n ise o zaman ona mal\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r. E\u011fer \u00f6len, ana ve baba ile birlikte \u00e7ocuklar da b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015fsa ana baban\u0131n her birine \u00f6lenin terekesinden alt\u0131da bir, \u015f\u00e2yet \u00f6lenin \u00e7ocu\u011fu yok da, m\u00eeras\u00e7\u0131 olarak ana ve babas\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015fsa, anan\u0131n pay\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7te birdir. E\u011fer \u00f6lenin karde\u015fleri varsa terekenin alt\u0131da biri anan\u0131nd\u0131r. Bu paylar, \u00f6lenin bor\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00f6denip, vasiyyeti de yerine getirildikten sonra hakk sahiplerine verilir. Baba ve \u00e7ocuklardan, hangisinin size fayda bak\u0131m\u0131ndan daha yak\u0131n oldu\u011funu, siz bilmezsiniz. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar ALL\u00c2H taraf\u0131ndan farz k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015e\u00fcphesiz ALL\u00c2H Al\u00eem\u2019dir, Hak\u00eem\u2019dir.<\/p>\n

12- E\u011fer han\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 yoksa, b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 m\u00eeras\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 sizindir. \u015e\u00e2yet bir \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 varsa o zaman m\u00eeras\u0131n d\u00f6rtte biri sizindir. Bu paylar, \u00f6lenin vasiyyeti yerine getirildikten ve varsa, borcu \u00f6dendikten sonra verilir. E\u011fer siz \u00e7ocuk b\u0131rakmadan \u00f6l\u00fcrseniz, geriye b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z m\u00eeras\u0131n d\u00f6rtte biri han\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131nd\u0131r. \u015e\u00e2yet \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131z varsa o zaman b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z m\u00eeras\u0131n sekizde biri han\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131nd\u0131r. Bu paylar, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z vasiyyetler yerine getirilip ve varsa borcunuz \u00f6dendikten sonra verilir. E\u011fer \u00f6len bir erkek veya kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fu ve babas\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde yan koldan m\u00eeras\u0131na konuluyor ve kendisinin bir erkek veya k\u0131z karde\u015fi bulunuyorsa, bunlardan her birinin m\u00eeras pay\u0131 terekenin alt\u0131da biridir. E\u011fer mevcut olan karde\u015fler bundan daha \u00e7ok iseler, bu takdirde karde\u015fler m\u00eeras\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te birini zarara u\u011frat\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n aralar\u0131nda e\u015fit olarak taksim ederler. Bu paylar \u00f6lenin vasiyyeti yerine getirilip ve varsa borcu \u00f6dendikten sonra verilir. Bunlar, ALL\u00c2H taraf\u0131ndan bir emirdir. ALL\u00c2H her \u015feyi bilen ve yaratt\u0131klar\u0131na \u00e7ok yumu\u015fak davranand\u0131r.<\/p>\n

13- \u0130\u015fte b\u00fct\u00fcn bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler, ALL\u00c2H’\u0131n koydu\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fcmler ve \u00e7izdi\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rlard\u0131r. Kim ALL\u00c2H’a ve Peygamberine itaat ederse ALL\u00c2H onu altlar\u0131ndan \u0131rmaklar akan cennetlere koyar. Onlar, orada ebed\u00ee olarak kalacaklard\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte b\u00fcy\u00fck kurtulu\u015f budur.<\/p>\n

14- Kim de ALL\u00c2H’a ve Peygamberine isyan eder ve ALL\u00c2H’\u0131n koydu\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 a\u015farsa ALL\u00c2H onu da ebed\u00ee kalaca\u011f\u0131 cehennem ate\u015fine koyar. Onun i\u00e7in al\u00e7alt\u0131c\u0131 bir azab vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

33- Anne, baba ve akrabalar\u0131n b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 her \u015fey i\u00e7in bir m\u00eeras\u00e7\u0131 ta\u2019y\u00een ettik. Yemin akdiyle m\u00eeras\u00e7\u0131 k\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n paylar\u0131n\u0131 da verin. \u015e\u00fcphesiz ALL\u00c2H, her \u015feye \u015f\u00e2hiddir.<\/p>\n

176- Senden fetv\u00e2 istiyorlar. Deki: “ALL\u00c2H size babas\u0131z ve \u00e7ocuksuz kimsenin m\u00eeras\u0131 hakk\u0131nda h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor: \u00c7ocu\u011fu olmayan, fakat k\u0131z karde\u015fi bulunan bir ki\u015fi \u00f6l\u00fcrse, b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 mal\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 o (k\u0131z karde\u015fi)nindir. \u00c7ocu\u011fu olmayan k\u0131z karde\u015f \u00f6l\u00fcrse, erkek karde\u015f ona v\u00e2ris olur. E\u011fer (\u00f6lenin) iki k\u0131z karde\u015fi varsa, b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te ikisi onlar\u0131nd\u0131r. E\u011fer karde\u015fler erkek ve k\u0131z olurlarsa, erke\u011fin hissesi, iki k\u0131z\u0131n hissesi kadard\u0131r. \u015ea\u015f\u0131rmaman\u0131z i\u00e7in ALL\u00c2H size (h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini) a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor. ALL\u00c2H, her \u015feyi hakk\u0131yla bilendir.<\/p>\n

89\/ el-Fecr -1-2-3- Fecre, O on geceye, \u00e7ifte ve teke,<\/p>\n

4- Ak\u0131p giden geceye yemin olsun ki: K\u0131yamet gelecektir!
\n5- Nas\u0131l, bunlarda akl\u0131 olan i\u00e7in yemin de\u011feri vard\u0131r de\u011fil mi?
\n6-7-8-9-10- Beldeler i\u00e7inde benzeri yarat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ve y\u00fcksek binalarla dolu \u0130rem \u015fehrinde oturan \u00c2d halk\u0131na. Vadideki kayalar\u0131 oyup yontarak sa\u011flam evler yapan Sem\u00fbd halk\u0131na, \u00e7ad\u0131rl\u0131 ordug\u00e2hlar, piramitler sahibi Firavun\u2019a, Rabbinin ne yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmedin mi?<\/p>\n

11- B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar, bulunduklar\u0131 \u00fclkelerde azd\u0131k\u00e7a azd\u0131lar.
\n12- Oralarda fesat ve bozgun \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p, niz\u00e2m\u0131 alt\u00fcst ettiler.
\n13- Bu y\u00fczden senin Rabbin de onlar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne azab kam\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ya\u011fd\u0131rd\u0131.
\n14- \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Rabbin hep g\u00f6zetlemededir.
\n15- Rabbi, insan\u0131 denemek i\u00e7in ikram ve de\u011fer verip, nimetlere gark edince o: \u201cRabbim bana de\u011fer verdi\u201d der.
\n16- Ama yine denemek i\u00e7in nas\u00eebini daralt\u0131nca O: \u201cRabbim beni zel\u00eel, per\u00ee\u015f\u00e2n etti\u201d der.
\n17- Hay\u0131r! Siz ALL\u00c2H\u2019dan hep ikram\u0131 devam ettirmesini istersiniz ama, yetime de\u011fer vermezsiniz!
\n18- Muhta\u00e7lar\u0131 doyurmaya te\u015fv\u00eek etmezsiniz.
\n19- M\u00eeraslar\u0131 hel\u00e2l haram demeden ne gelse yersiniz.<\/p>\n

20- Mal m\u00fclk sevgisi ise b\u00fct\u00fcn benli\u011finizi kaplam\u0131\u015f!
\n21- Hay\u0131r! Bu yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131z kesinlikle yanl\u0131\u015f! D\u00fcnya sars\u0131l\u0131p par\u00e7a par\u00e7a d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zaman,<\/p>\n

22- Rabbinin emri gelip melekler de saf saf geldikleri zaman,
\n23- Ve cehennemin getirildi\u011fi g\u00fcn. \u0130nsan i\u015fi anlar o g\u00fcn! Ama anlamas\u0131n\u0131n ne faydas\u0131 var o g\u00fcn!
\n24- \u201cKe\u015fke sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131mda bu hayat\u0131m i\u00e7in haz\u0131rl\u0131k yapsayd\u0131m\u201d der.
\n25- \u0130\u015fte o g\u00fcn O\u2019nun etti\u011fi azab\u0131 kimse edemez.
\n26- O\u2019nun vurdu\u011fu ba\u011f\u0131 kimse vuramaz.
\n27-28-29-30- Ey g\u00f6n\u00fcl huz\u00fbruna ermi\u015f r\u00fbh! Sen Rabbinden r\u00e2z\u0131, O senden r\u00e2z\u0131 olarak d\u00f6n Rabbine! Sen de kat\u0131l has kullar\u0131m\u0131n aras\u0131na, gir cennetime!<\/p>\n

*ZORLA V\u00c2R\u0130S OLUNAMAZ<\/p>\n

4\/ en-Nis\u00e2 -19- Ey \u00eem\u00e2n edenler! Kad\u0131nlara zorla v\u00e2ris olman\u0131z size hel\u00e2l de\u011fildir. Verdi\u011finiz mehrin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kurtaracaks\u0131n\u0131z diye, onlar\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131z da hel\u00e2l de\u011fildir. Ancak a\u00e7\u0131k bir hay\u00e2s\u0131zl\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015f olurlarsa ba\u015fka. Onlarla iyi ge\u00e7inin. E\u011fer kendilerinden ho\u015flanmad\u0131n\u0131zsa, olabilir ki, siz bir \u015feyden ho\u015flanmasan\u0131z da ALL\u00c2H onda bir\u00e7ok hay\u0131r takd\u00eer etmi\u015f bulunur.<\/p>\n

*M\u00ceRAS TAKS\u0130M\u0130NDE \u0130ZLENECEK YOL<\/p>\n

4\/ en-Nis\u00e2 -7- Anne baba ile yak\u0131n akraban\u0131n terikelerinde erkeklere hisse bulundu\u011fu gibi, anne baba ile yak\u0131n akraban\u0131n terikelerinde kad\u0131nlara -az\u0131ndan da \u00e7o\u011fundan da- farz olarak belirlenmi\u015f hisseler vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

8- Payla\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda akrabalar, \u00f6ks\u00fczler, yoksullar haz\u0131r bulunurlarsa, onlara da bir \u015fey verin ve onlara g\u00fczelce s\u00f6zler s\u00f6yleyerek g\u00f6n\u00fcllerini al\u0131n.<\/p>\n

-Bu m\u00fcb\u00e2rek \u00e2yet m\u00eerasda be\u015f prensip koyar:<\/p>\n

1. Erkek gibi kad\u0131n da m\u00eerastan pay al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2. Az \u00e7ok b\u00fct\u00fcn mallar m\u00eerasa t\u00e2bidir.<\/p>\n

3. Bu kural, ta\u015f\u0131nabilir ve ta\u015f\u0131namaz b\u00fct\u00fcn mallar i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n

4. \u00d6len ki\u015fi mal b\u0131rak\u0131rsa m\u00eeras s\u00f6z konusu olur.<\/p>\n

5. Yak\u0131n akraba varken uzak akrabaya m\u00eeras d\u00fc\u015fmez. (Suat Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m)<\/p>\n

*M\u00eeras huk\u00fbku Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eemde ba\u015ftan sona halledilmi\u015f bir konudur. M\u00eeras taksiminde de \u00e2yet-i cel\u00eelede bey\u00e2n olundu\u011fu vech\u00eele v\u00e2rislere g\u00fczel s\u00f6zler s\u00f6ylenerek g\u00f6n\u00fclleri al\u0131narak taksimat yap\u0131lmal\u0131. Zira v\u00e2risler bir yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmenin h\u00fczn\u00fc i\u00e7indedirler. M\u00eeras taksimini geciktirmemekte de nihayetsiz faydalar vard\u0131r. Aile kurumunun sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu \u015fartt\u0131r. Aile bir milletin temel ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Korunmas\u0131 elzemdir. Unutmayal\u0131m ki; \u201cG\u00f6klerin ve arz\u0131n m\u00eeras\u0131 All\u00e2h\u2019\u0131nd\u0131r.\u201d \u00c2li-\u0130mr\u00e2n-180-<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u00ceRAS (*) *Fer\u00e2iz; s\u00f6zl\u00fckte; takd\u00eer ve t\u00e2yin edilmi\u015f \u015fey, belirlenmi\u015f hisse, kesin din\u00ee emir m\u00e2n\u00e2lar\u0131na gelen far\u00eeza kelimesinin \u00e7o\u011fulu olan fer\u00e2iz \u0130sl\u00e2m hukukunda m\u00eeras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n terikeden alacaklar\u0131 paylar ile m\u00eeras hukuku m\u00e2n\u00e2s\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan bir terimdir. Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019de ve Hazreti Peygamber-aleyhissel\u00e2m-\u2019\u0131n konuyla ilgili uygulama ve il\u00e2ve a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131nda, m\u00eeras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n hisselerinin a\u00e7\u0131k ve kesin bir \u015fekilde belirlenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 olmas\u0131 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14092,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1882],"tags":[2363,3289,395,2362,2490,2452,2025,2092,2205,1583,1983,1735,1597,11,1762,3316,3318,3317,1582,1585],"class_list":["post-3919","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-m","tag-ahlak","tag-arapca","tag-arapca-kuran-oku","tag-din","tag-dini-konular","tag-full-tefsir","tag-islam","tag-islami-konular","tag-konu-mealleri","tag-kuran","tag-kuran-konu-meali","tag-kuran-meali","tag-kuran-tefsiri","tag-meal","tag-mealler","tag-miras","tag-miras-birakmak","tag-miras-nedir","tag-tefsir","tag-tefsirler-2"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kuran\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3919","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kuran\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kuran\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kuran\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kuran\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3919"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kuran\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3919\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kuran\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14092"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kuran\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3919"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kuran\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3919"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kuran\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3919"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}