HAR\u0130TA B\u0130LG\u0130S\u0130(Karto\u011frafya)
\nHarita<\/p>\n
*Ku\u015fbak\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcn
\n*\u00d6l\u00e7ekli
\n*D\u00fczleme aktar\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7izimin harita \u00f6zelli\u011fini g\u00f6sterebilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7izimin belirli bir \u00f6l\u00e7ek dahilinde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. <\/p>\n
Kroki <\/p>\n
*Ku\u015fbak\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcn
\n*Kabataslak (\u00f6l\u00e7eksiz)
\n*D\u00fczleme aktar\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Not: D\u00fcnya haritalar\u0131nda yer \u015fekilleri ger\u00e7e\u011fe tam uygun olarak g\u00f6sterilemez. Alan , a\u00e7\u0131, uzunluk bozulmalar\u0131 meydana gelir. Sebebi: K\u00fcre \u015feklindeki bir y\u00fczeyin d\u00fczleme aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r (d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u015fekli). Haritalardaki bozulma Ekvator’dan Kutuplara do\u011fru artar. <\/p>\n
Projeksiyon Y\u00f6ntemleri (haritalardaki bozulmalar\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in) <\/p>\n
*Silindir Projeksiyonu: Ekvator \u00e7evresini g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n*D\u00fczlem Projeksiyonu: Orta enlemler \u00e7evresini g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n*Koni Projeksiyonu: Kutuplar \u00e7evresini g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Harita \u00c7iziminde Dikkat Edilecek \u00d6zellikler<\/p>\n
*\u0130lk olarak kullan\u0131m amac\u0131 belirlenmeli ve amaca uygun konu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konulmal\u0131.
\n*K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcltme oran\u0131 (\u00f6l\u00e7ek) belirlenmeli.
\n*\u00c7izim y\u00f6ntemi belirlenmeli.
\n*Enlem ve boylam g\u00f6sterilmeli. E\u011fer \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck alan ise y\u00f6n i\u015fareti konulmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n*Lejant belirtilmeli (Lejant: Haritalarda kullan\u0131lan i\u015faret ve renklerin ifade edildi\u011fi tablodur.) <\/p>\n
HAR\u0130TA \u00c7E\u015e\u0130TLER\u0130
\nA-Konular\u0131na G\u00f6re Haritalar
\nFiziki haritalar: Yer \u015fekillerini g\u00f6steren haritalard\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Siyasi (idari) haritalar: S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 g\u00f6steren haritalard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
*Be\u015feri ve Ekonomik haritalar: N\u00fcfusun da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131, \u0131rk, dil, dinlere g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131, tar\u0131m, hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k, ormanc\u0131l\u0131k, sanayi ,madencilik gibi \u00f6zellikleri g\u00f6steren haritalard\u0131r.
\n*\u00d6zel haritalar: Konunun uzmanlar\u0131nca \u00e7izilen haritalard\u0131r. \u0130klim (izoterm, izobar gibi) haritalar\u0131, turizm, deprem,toprak, karayollar\u0131 haritalar\u0131 gibi. <\/p>\n
B- \u00d6l\u00e7eklerine G\u00f6re Haritalar<\/p>\n
*B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli haritalar:
\nPlanlar: \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi 1\/20.000 \u2018den daha b\u00fcy\u00fck olan haritalard\u0131r. En ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 haritalard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Topo\u011frafya haritalar\u0131: \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi 1\/20.000-1\/200.000 aras\u0131nda olan haritalard\u0131r.Yer \u015fekillerini en ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 g\u00f6steren haritalard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
*Orta \u00f6l\u00e7ekli haritalar: \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi 1\/200.000-1\/500.000 aras\u0131ndaki haritalard\u0131r.
\n*K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli haritalar: \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi 1\/500.000 \u2018den daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli haritalard\u0131r.
\nPlan \u2013Harita<\/p>\n
Benzer \u00f6zellikleri:Ku\u015f bak\u0131\u015f\u0131 olarak \u00e7izilme ve \u00f6l\u00e7ekli olmalar\u0131d\u0131r.
\nFarklar\u0131: Ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6sterme g\u00fcc\u00fc ve kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131 farkl\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n
1.KES\u0130R \u00d6L\u00c7EK
\n Kesirlerle ifade edilen \u00f6l\u00e7eklerdir. Kesir \u00f6l\u00e7ekte birim yaz\u0131lmaz. Her zaman cm cinsindendir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rnek: Ger\u00e7ekte 90 km olan Manisa-Soma aras\u0131 haritada 6cm ile g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Haritan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi nedir?<\/p>\n
Ger\u00e7ek Uzunluk= Harita U. x \u00f6l\u00e7ek Paydas\u0131<\/p>\n
\u00d6rnek:1\/200.000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli haritada 16cm ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen bir uzunluk ger\u00e7ekte ka\u00e7 km\u2019dir? <\/p>\n
G.U= 16×200.000=3.200.000cm=32 km<\/p>\n
\u00d6rnek: Ger\u00e7ekte 250 km olan bir yol 1\/1.250.000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli haritada ka\u00e7 cm ile g\u00f6sterilir? <\/p>\n
\u00d6l\u00e7eklerle ilgili b\u00fct\u00fcn sorular\u0131m\u0131zda kullanabilece\u011fimiz form\u00fcl \u00fc\u00e7geni<\/p>\n
\u00d6l\u00e7ek ne kadar de\u011fi\u015firse de\u011fi\u015fsin; ger\u00e7ek alan , ger\u00e7ek uzunluk, enlem- boylam ve \u00f6zel konum de\u011fi\u015fmez. <\/p>\n
2.\u00c7\u0130ZG\u0130 (GRAF\u0130K ) \u00d6L\u00c7E\u011e\u0130<\/p>\n
\u00c7izgilerle ifade edilen \u00f6l\u00e7eklerdir. Bu \u00f6l\u00e7ekte \u00e7entikler aras\u0131ndaki uzakl\u0131k fark\u0131 birbirine e\u015fittir. <\/p>\n
Bir yolun ger\u00e7ek uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ku\u015f u\u00e7u\u015fu uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131nda fark fazla ise o yol engebeli bir yerden ge\u00e7mektedir. Fark az ise yol d\u00fcz bir yerden ge\u00e7mektedir. <\/p>\n
YER \u015eEK\u0130LLER\u0130N\u0130 G\u00d6STERME Y\u00d6NTEMLER\u0130 <\/p>\n
Renklendirme Y\u00f6ntemi: Fiziki haritalarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Her renk belirli bir y\u00fcksekli\u011fi g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Tarama Y\u00f6ntemi: Bu y\u00f6ntemde e\u011fimin fazla oldu\u011fu yerlerde taramalar s\u0131k, kal\u0131n ve k\u0131sa ge\u00e7irilirken e\u011fimin azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde uzun, ince ve seyrek ge\u00e7irilmektedir. D\u00fcz yerler ise bo\u015f b\u0131rak\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
\n G\u00f6lgeleme Y\u00f6ntemi: Haritan\u0131n bir k\u00f6\u015fesinden 45 a\u00e7\u0131yla \u0131\u015f\u0131k geldi\u011fi varsay\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re \u0131\u015f\u0131k alan yerlerde herhangi bir i\u015flem yap\u0131lmazken, \u0131\u015f\u0131k almayan yerde g\u00f6lgeleme yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Tek ba\u015f\u0131na kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 de\u011fildir.
\n Kabartma Y\u00f6ntemi: Maket t\u00fcr\u00fc haritalard\u0131r. Yer \u015fekillerini en iyi g\u00f6steren haritalard\u0131r. Fakat yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 zor oldu\u011fundan pek kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 de\u011fildir.
\n Kafkasya B\u00f6lgesinin 1:800 000 yatay ve 1:80 000 d\u00fc\u015fey \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011findeki iki par\u00e7adan olu\u015fan renkli kabartma haritas\u0131; 140×144 cm. ebad\u0131nda olup \u00e7er\u00e7evesi orijinal ve yaz\u0131lar\u0131 eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’dir (1887 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r).<\/p>\n
\u0130zohips (e\u015f y\u00fckselti) Y\u00f6ntemi:
\n*\u0130zobat: E\u015f derinlik (deniz ve g\u00f6llerde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.)
\n*\u0130zoterm: E\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131k
\n*\u0130zobar: E\u015f bas\u0131n\u00e7
\n*\u0130zohyet: E\u015f ya\u011f\u0131\u015f
\n*\u0130zohel : E\u015f g\u00fcne\u015flenme <\/p>\n
\u0130ZOH\u0130PSLER\u0130N \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130
\n*\u0130\u00e7 i\u00e7e kapal\u0131 e\u011frilerdir.
\n*Birbirini kesmezler.
\n*Y\u00fckseltisi en az olan en d\u0131\u015ftad\u0131r.
\n*Y\u00fckseltisi en fazla olan en i\u00e7tedir.
\n*Aralar\u0131ndaki y\u00fckselti fark\u0131 birbirine e\u015fittir (Equdistance)
\n*Ayn\u0131 izohips \u00e7izgisi \u00fczerindeki b\u00fct\u00fcn noktalarda y\u00fckselti ayn\u0131d\u0131r.
\n*\u0130zohips \u00e7izgisi \u00fczerinde olmayan bir noktan\u0131n kesin y\u00fckseltisi bilinemez.
\n*K\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7izgisi (deniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131) s\u0131f\u0131r metredir.
\n*\u0130zohipslerin s\u0131k veya seyrek ge\u00e7mesi yer \u015fekillerine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.
\n*\u0130zohipslerin s\u0131k ge\u00e7ti\u011fi yerde e\u011fim fazlad\u0131r. Seyrek ge\u00e7ti\u011fi yerde e\u011fim azd\u0131r. <\/p>\n
*Da\u011f doruklar\u0131 (zirveler ) nokta halinde g\u00f6sterilir.
\n*Akarsu vadileri y\u00fckseltinin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6ne do\u011fru girinti olu\u015fturur.
\n*Ok i\u015fareti \u00e7evresine g\u00f6re \u00e7ukur olan (kapal\u0131 \u00e7ukur-\u00e7anak-krater) yerleri g\u00f6sterir.
\n*Taban\u0131 ayn\u0131 olan iki tepe aras\u0131ndaki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fczl\u00fc\u011fe boyun denir.<\/p>\n
*Tabanlar\u0131 ayn\u0131 olan tepelerin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 y\u00fckseltileri de ayn\u0131d\u0131r.
\n*Akarsudan sonraki ilk y\u00fckseltiler birbirine e\u015fittir. <\/p>\n
*Y\u00fckseltinin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6ne do\u011fru “U ” harfi olu\u015fmu\u015f ise buna s\u0131rt denir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
HAR\u0130TA B\u0130LG\u0130S\u0130(Karto\u011frafya) Harita *Ku\u015fbak\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcn *\u00d6l\u00e7ekli *D\u00fczleme aktar\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7izimin harita \u00f6zelli\u011fini g\u00f6sterebilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7izimin belirli bir \u00f6l\u00e7ek dahilinde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. Kroki *Ku\u015fbak\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcn *Kabataslak (\u00f6l\u00e7eksiz) *D\u00fczleme aktar\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Not: D\u00fcnya haritalar\u0131nda yer \u015fekilleri ger\u00e7e\u011fe tam uygun olarak g\u00f6sterilemez. Alan , a\u00e7\u0131, uzunluk bozulmalar\u0131 meydana gelir. Sebebi: K\u00fcre \u015feklindeki bir y\u00fczeyin d\u00fczleme aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r (d\u00fcnyan\u0131n …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[3079,3083,2887,3081,3076,3085,3087,3084,3077,3078,3080,3082,3086],"class_list":["post-1039","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-dunya-haritasi","tag-ekonomik-haritalar","tag-ekvator","tag-fiziki-haritalar","tag-harita-bilgisi","tag-izobar","tag-izohips","tag-izoterm","tag-kartografya","tag-kroki","tag-lejant","tag-siyasi-haritalar","tag-topografya-haritalari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1039","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1039"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1039\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1039"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1039"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1039"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}