T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019N\u0130N BE\u015eER\u0130 CO\u011eRAFYASI
\nN\u00dcFUS
\nN\u00fcfus, belirli bir yerde ya\u015fayan insan say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder.
\nN\u00dcFUS ARTI\u015eI
\nDo\u011fum oran\u0131 ile \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki fark n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Bir \u00fclkede do\u011fum oran\u0131 fazla, \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131 az ise n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131 meydana gelir. \u00d6l\u00fcm oran\u0131 do\u011fum oran\u0131ndan fazla olursa, n\u00fcfusta azalma meydana gelir. Genellikle az geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 fazla, geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde ise n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 azd\u0131r.
\nN\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 ile kalk\u0131nma h\u0131z\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir ili\u015fki bulunmaktad\u0131r.
\nBuna g\u00f6re;
\n\u2022 N\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 kalk\u0131nma h\u0131z\u0131ndan y\u00fcksek ise, \u00fclkenin geli\u015fimi yava\u015flar veya geriler.
\n\u2022 N\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 kalk\u0131nma h\u0131z\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ise, \u00fclkenin geli\u015fimi artar.
\nN\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n olumlu sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi, olumsuz sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 da olabilmektedir.
\na. N\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n olumlu sonu\u00e7lar\u0131
\n\u2022 \u00dcretim artar.
\n\u2022 Vergi gelirleri artar.
\n\u2022 Mal ve hizmetlere talep artar.
\n\u2022 Yeni end\u00fcstri dallar\u0131 do\u011far.
\n\u2022 \u0130\u015f\u00e7i \u00fccretleri ucuzlar.
\n\u2022 \u0130hracatta rekabet kolayla\u015f\u0131r.
\nb. N\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n olumsuz sonu\u00e7lar\u0131
\n\u2022 \u0130\u015fsizlik artar.
\n\u2022 Kalk\u0131nma h\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer.
\n\u2022 Ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen milli gelir azal\u0131r.
\n\u2022 Tasarruflar azal\u0131r.
\n\u2022 T\u00fcketim artar.
\n\u2022 \u0130\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7ler artar.
\n\u2022 \u0130nsanlar\u0131n temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 zorla\u015f\u0131r.
\n\u2022 \u0130hracat azal\u0131r.
\n\u2022 Demo\u011frafik (n\u00fcfusa ba\u011fl\u0131) yat\u0131r\u0131mlar artar.
\n\u2022 \u00c7evre kirlenmesi artar.
\n\u2022 Belediye hizmetleri zorla\u015f\u0131r.
\nT\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DE N\u00dcFUS SAYIMLARI VE SONU\u00c7LARI
\nN\u00fcfusla ilgili bilgiler, genellikle n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan elde edilir. Bu say\u0131mlarla n\u00fcfusun say\u0131s\u0131, meslek gruplar\u0131, ya\u015f durumu, e\u011fitim, ailedeki n\u00fcfus say\u0131s\u0131, kad\u0131n – erkek n\u00fcfusu, n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 gibi bilgiler elde edilebilir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ilk n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 1927 y\u0131l\u0131nda, en son n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 ise, 22 Ekim 2000 tarihinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u2022 1927 – 2000 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu ve miktar\u0131 s\u00fcrekli artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u2022 1927 y\u0131l\u0131nda 13,6 milyon olan n\u00fcfus, 1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda 62,8 milyona y\u00fckselmi\u015f, 2000 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki son say\u0131mda 70 milyon civar\u0131nda olmu\u015ftur.
\n\u2022 N\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 en az 1940 – 1945 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, en fazla 1955 – 1960 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.
\nT\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DE N\u00dcFUSUN DA\u011eILI\u015eI
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgeler, b\u00f6l\u00fcmler ve y\u00f6reler aras\u0131nda n\u00fcfus miktar\u0131 ve yo\u011funlu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u00f6nemli farklar bulunmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de n\u00fcfusun farkl\u0131 da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda etkili olan fakt\u00f6rler \u015funlard\u0131r:
\n1. Fiziki Fakt\u00f6rler
\na. \u0130klim \u00f6zellikleri: \u00dclkemizde n\u00fcfusun yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu yerlerin, genelde k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgeler olmas\u0131nda \u0131l\u0131man iklimin b\u00fcy\u00fck etkisi vard\u0131r. Kurak ve k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 so\u011fuk ge\u00e7en yerlerde n\u00fcfus fazla yo\u011fun de\u011fildir.
\nb. Yer\u015fekilleri: \u00dclkemizde y\u00fcksek ve engebeli yerlerde n\u00fcfus azd\u0131r. Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi, Ta\u015feli pl\u00e2tosu, Mente\u015fe y\u00f6resi gibi yerler bunlara \u00f6rnek verilebilir.
\nc. Toprak \u00f6zellikleri: Verimli topraklar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu alanlar (\u00c7ukurova, Gediz, B. Menderes) n\u00fcfus\u00e7a kalabal\u0131k iken, Tuz G\u00f6l\u00fc \u00e7evresi gibi yerlerde verimsiz topraklar bulundu\u011fundan n\u00fcfus \u00e7ok azd\u0131r.
\n2. Be\u015feri Fakt\u00f6rler
\na. Sanayile\u015fme: B\u00fct\u00fcn D\u00fcnya\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de, sanayile\u015fmenin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130stanbul, \u0130zmit, Adapazar\u0131, Bursa, Adana ve \u0130zmir buna \u00f6rnektir.
\nb. Tar\u0131m: Tar\u0131m\u0131n geli\u015fti\u011fi yerler yo\u011fun n\u00fcfusludur. \u00c7ukurova, Gediz, Bafra ve \u00c7ar\u015famba ovalar\u0131 \u00e7evresi gibi.
\nc. Yeralt\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131: Madenlerin veya enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fletilmesinde yo\u011fun n\u00fcfusa ihtiya\u00e7 oldu\u011fundan, bu alanlarda da n\u00fcfus fazlad\u0131r. Zonguldak, Soma, Elbistan buna \u00f6rnektir.
\nd. Turizm: \u00dclkemizde, Ege ve Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndaki merkezlerde turizmden dolay\u0131 n\u00fcfus yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\ne. Ula\u015f\u0131m: Ula\u015f\u0131m yollar\u0131 kav\u015fa\u011f\u0131nda bulunan illerimizin n\u00fcfusu artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eski\u015fehir, Ankara, Kayseri, \u0130stanbul gibi illerin geli\u015fmesinde, ula\u015f\u0131m yollar\u0131 \u00fczerinde bulunmalar\u0131 da etkili olmu\u015ftur.
\nN\u00dcFUS YO\u011eUNLU\u011eU
\n1. Aritmetik N\u00fcfus Yo\u011funlu\u011fu
\nBir \u00fclke veya b\u00f6lgedeki toplam n\u00fcfusun, o \u00fclke veya b\u00f6lgenin y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcne b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesiyle elde edilen say\u0131ya, aritmetik n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu denir.
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc (izd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm alan\u0131 olarak) 779.452 km2, toplam n\u00fcfusu da 62.865.574 (1997) dir. Buna g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin aritmetik n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu, 1997 y\u0131l\u0131na g\u00f6re yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 81\u2032dir. Ancak, bu yo\u011funluk \u00e7ok kaba olarak n\u00fcfusun da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir ve sadece \u00fclkelerin n\u00fcfus yo\u011funluklar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131yaslamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Oysa il ve il\u00e7elerin n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 ve y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri dikkate al\u0131narak yap\u0131lan aritmetik yo\u011funluk, ger\u00e7e\u011fe daha yak\u0131n rakamlar vermektedir.
\n2. Tar\u0131msal N\u00fcfus Yo\u011funlu\u011fu
\nBir \u00fclkede veya herhangi bir sahada, tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kla ge\u00e7inen n\u00fcfusun, tar\u0131msal alana b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesiyle elde edilen n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011funa tar\u0131msal n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu denir. Bu y\u00f6ntem, aritmetik n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011funa g\u00f6re, daha ger\u00e7ek\u00e7idir.
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de tar\u0131msal n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu b\u00f6lge ve iller aras\u0131nda farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterir. Bunda yer\u015fekillerinin da\u011fl\u0131k ve oval\u0131k olmas\u0131yla, tar\u0131mda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan n\u00fcfusun miktar\u0131 etkili olmaktad\u0131r.
\nGenel olarak, tar\u0131msal n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu, da\u011fl\u0131k alanlar\u0131m\u0131zda fazla, geni\u015f tar\u0131msal ovalar\u0131m\u0131zda ise d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr.
\n3. Fizyolojik N\u00fcfus Yo\u011funlu\u011fu
\nToplam n\u00fcfusun, ekili – dikili alanlara b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan yo\u011funlu\u011fa fizyolojik n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu denilmektedir.
\nT\u00dcRK\u0130YE N\u00dcFUSUNUN \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130 (N\u00dcFUS YAPISI)
\nBir \u00fclke n\u00fcfusunun cinsiyet, ya\u015f, e\u011fitim, ekonomik durumu gibi \u00f6zellikleri o \u00fclkenin n\u00fcfus yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.
\n1. N\u00fcfusun ya\u015f gruplar\u0131 ve cinsiyetlere g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131
\n\u2022 N\u00fcfusun ya\u015f durumu
\nN\u00fcfus, ya\u015f gruplar\u0131na g\u00f6re, gen\u00e7, olgun ve ya\u015fl\u0131 olmak \u00fczere 3 k\u0131sma ayr\u0131l\u0131r.
\n0 – 14 – Gen\u00e7 n\u00fcfus
\n15 – 64 – Olgun n\u00fcfus
\n65 + \u2026 – Ya\u015fl\u0131 n\u00fcfus
\nBu s\u0131n\u0131flamaya g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrkiye n\u00fcfusunun 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda ya\u015f gruplar\u0131na g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekildedir:
\nYa\u015f Grubu Toplam N\u00fcfus i\u00e7inde oran%
\n0-14 32,2
\n15-64 59,7
\n65ve \u00fczeri 4,1
\nBuna g\u00f6re, \u00fclkemizde gen\u00e7 n\u00fcfus fazla, ya\u015fl\u0131 n\u00fcfus azd\u0131r. Bunun en \u00f6nemli nedeni olarak do\u011fum oran\u0131n\u0131n fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir.
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, 0 – 14 ya\u015f grubundakilerin fazla olmas\u0131 beslenme, giyinme ve e\u011fitim ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerektirmektedir. Bu alanda yap\u0131lan yat\u0131r\u0131mlara demo\u011frafik yat\u0131r\u0131mlar denir. Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde gen\u00e7 n\u00fcfusun azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeni ile bu yat\u0131r\u0131mlar toplam yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n % 12,5\u2032ini olu\u015ftururken, bu oran az geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde % 42\u2032ye kadar \u00e7\u0131kmakta, bu da geli\u015fme h\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmaktad\u0131r.
\n\u00c7al\u0131\u015fan n\u00fcfusun, bak\u0131m\u0131na muhta\u00e7 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, 0 – 14 ile 65 ve \u00fczeri ya\u015f grubuna ayn\u0131 zamanda ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 n\u00fcfus denilmektedir.
\nBa\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 n\u00fcfus oran\u0131, geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde az iken, az geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde fazlad\u0131r.
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 1935 ve 1990 y\u0131llar\u0131 n\u00fcfus grafikleri
\n1935 y\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye n\u00fcfus grafi\u011fi: Bu grafik, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin geli\u015fmekte oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. 0 – 4 ya\u015f grubunun olu\u015fturdu\u011fu taban\u0131n \u00e7ok geni\u015f olmas\u0131, do\u011fum oran\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.
\n1990 y\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye n\u00fcfus grafi\u011fi: Bu grafikten de, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin geli\u015fmekte oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ancak, 0 – 4 ya\u015f grubu, 1935 y\u0131l\u0131na g\u00f6re daha dard\u0131r. Bu da \u00fclkemizde do\u011fum oran\u0131n\u0131n azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.
\n\u2022 N\u00fcfusun cinsiyet durumu
\n1945 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki say\u0131ma kadar, \u00fclkemizde kad\u0131n n\u00fcfusunun erkek n\u00fcfustan daha fazla oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bu durumda, Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 ve Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 tehlikesi etkili olmu\u015ftur. Fakat, 1945\u2032ten sonra erkek n\u00fcfusu kad\u0131n n\u00fcfusunu ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. \u015eu anda erkek n\u00fcfus % 1,2 oran\u0131nda fazlal\u0131k g\u00f6sterir.
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan g\u00f6\u00e7 alan \u0130stanbul, Ankara, \u0130zmir gibi merkezlerde erkek n\u00fcfus fazla iken, d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya g\u00f6\u00e7 veren Trabzon, Tokat, Yozgat gibi merkezlerde kad\u0131n n\u00fcfusu daha fazlad\u0131r.
\n2. Aktif N\u00fcfus
\nAktif n\u00fcfus, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan n\u00fcfus veya faal n\u00fcfus olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.
\n15 – 64 ya\u015f aras\u0131ndaki n\u00fcfusa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki n\u00fcfus denilmektedir. Bu n\u00fcfusun hepsi bir i\u015fte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fabilecek ya\u015ftaki n\u00fcfus i\u00e7inde, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan n\u00fcfus oran\u0131 ne kadar \u00e7oksa, i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 o kadar azd\u0131r. Genellikle, sanayile\u015fmi\u015f ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde i\u015fsizlik az iken, az geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde i\u015fsizlik fazlad\u0131r.
\n3. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan n\u00fcfusun ekonomik faaliyet kollar\u0131na g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131Ekonomik faaliyetler \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck gruba ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Bunlar
\n\u2022 Tar\u0131m (Tar\u0131m, hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k, ormanc\u0131l\u0131k, vs.)
\n\u2022 Sanayi (End\u00fcstri, madencilik, vs.)
\n\u2022 Hizmet (\u0130n\u015faat, ticaret, turizm, vs.) sekt\u00f6rleridir.
\nAz geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde, toplam \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan n\u00fcfusun % 90\u2032a yak\u0131n\u0131 tar\u0131msal n\u00fcfus \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131r. Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde ise tar\u0131msal n\u00fcfus % 10 civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Di\u011fer n\u00fcfus, hizmet ve sanayi sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.
\nGeli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde, sanayi ve hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan n\u00fcfus, geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelere g\u00f6re daha azd\u0131r.
\nA\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tabloya bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 1927 y\u0131l\u0131nda n\u00fcfusun %90\u2032\u0131 tar\u0131m, %10\u2032u sanayi ve hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n1950 – 1960 l\u0131 y\u0131llarda tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki n\u00fcfus azalmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle 1980 li y\u0131llardan sonra, sanayile\u015fme h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131yla tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki n\u00fcfus % 50\u2032nin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de n\u00fcfusun 1927 – 1990 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki sekt\u00f6rel da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan n\u00fcfusun ya\u015f ortalamas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan n\u00fcfusun b\u00f6lgelere g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 incelendi\u011finde dengesizlik g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\nSanayi ve hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki n\u00fcfusun b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Marmara B\u00f6lgesi\u2019ndeki \u00c7atalca – Kocaeli ve G\u00fcney Marmara b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130zmir, Ankara, Eski\u015fehir, Adana, Mersin, Zonguldak, Ere\u011fli, Karab\u00fck, Gazi Antep, Kayseri, Denizli, Konya gibi illerde sanayi n\u00fcfusu yo\u011fundur.
\n4. N\u00fcfusun E\u011fitim Durumu
\n6 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bitiren n\u00fcfusa, t\u00fcm D\u00fcnya\u2019da e\u011fitim verilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. E\u011fitim okur – yazarl\u0131k, ilk\u00f6\u011fretim, lise ve \u00fcniversite olmak \u00fczere s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131labilir.
\n1990 y\u0131l\u0131na g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki faal n\u00fcfusun % 55\u2032e yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 ilkokul mezunlar\u0131, % 7,4\u2032e yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 okur – yazar, % 5\u2032e yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 ortaokul ve lise mezunlar\u0131, % 4\u2032\u00fcn\u00fc de \u00fcniversite mezunlar\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.
\n5. N\u00fcfusun K\u0131rsal – Kentsel Durumu
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de n\u00fcfusu 10.000\u2032den az olan yerle\u015fmelere k\u0131r n\u00fcfusu, fazla olan yerle\u015fmelere de kent n\u00fcfusu denilmektedir.
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 1927 – 1950 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, k\u0131rsal ve kentsel n\u00fcfus oranlar\u0131nda fazla de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat, 1950\u2032li y\u0131llardan sonra, \u00fclkemizde ula\u015f\u0131m yollar\u0131n\u0131n ve sanayi faaliyetlerinin geli\u015fmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131 bunun yan\u0131nda k\u0131rsal n\u00fcfusun artmas\u0131yla birlikte kente do\u011fru bir g\u00f6\u00e7 olay\u0131 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nK\u0131rsal kesimden kente g\u00f6\u00e7 olay\u0131, en fazla, 1980 – 1985 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda meydana gelmi\u015f ve 1985 li y\u0131llarda k\u0131r ve kent n\u00fcfusu az \u00e7ok dengelenmi\u015ftir. En son yap\u0131lan 1997 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki say\u0131mda kent n\u00fcfusu % 65\u2032e ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sonu\u00e7, \u00fclkemizde sanayi ve hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan n\u00fcfusun artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki grafikler, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kentsel ve k\u0131rsal n\u00fcfus de\u011fi\u015fimlerini daha iyi ifade etmektedir. Dikkatle inceleyiniz. <\/p>\n
N\u00dcFUS HAREKETLER\u0130 (G\u00d6\u00c7LER)
\n\u0130nsanlar\u0131n, do\u011fduklar\u0131 yerden ba\u015fka yerlere ge\u00e7ici ya da s\u00fcrekli olmak \u00fczere ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 denir.
\nA. \u0130\u00c7 G\u00d6\u00c7LER
\n\u00dclke i\u00e7erisinde, n\u00fcfusun yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmesine i\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7 denir. \u0130\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7lerle bir \u00fclkenin toplam n\u00fcfusunda de\u011fi\u015fme olmaz. Sadece, b\u00f6lgelerin ve illerin n\u00fcfusunda artma ya da azalma meydana gelir.
\n\u0130\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7ler, s\u00fcrekli ve mevsimlik g\u00f6\u00e7ler olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r.
\n1. S\u00fcrekli \u0130\u00e7 G\u00f6\u00e7ler\u00dclke i\u00e7erisinde yer de\u011fi\u015ftiren insanlar\u0131n, g\u00f6\u00e7 ettikleri yerlere yerle\u015fmesiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, Cumhuriyetin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar, \u00f6zellikle k\u0131rsal alanlardan kentlere do\u011fru h\u0131zl\u0131 bir g\u00f6\u00e7 olay\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn nedenleri\u2022 K\u0131rsal alanlardaki h\u0131zl\u0131 n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131
\n\u2022 Miras yoluyla tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n daralmas\u0131 ve ailelerin ge\u00e7imini kar\u015f\u0131lamamas\u0131
\n\u2022 Tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n yetersiz gelmesi ve erozyonun artmas\u0131yla topra\u011f\u0131n verimsiz hale gelmesi
\n\u2022 Tar\u0131mda makinele\u015fmenin artmas\u0131 ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak tar\u0131msal i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn azalmas\u0131
\n\u2022 K\u0131rsal kesimde i\u015f imkanlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmas\u0131
\n\u2022 Ekonomik istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k ve sosyal problemler
\n\u2022 E\u011fitim ve sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinin yetersizli\u011fi
\n\u2022 \u0130klim ve yer\u015fekillerinin olumsuz etkileri
\n\u2022 Kentlerde sanayinin geli\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 i\u015f olanaklar\u0131n\u0131n fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131
\n\u2022 Kentlerde e\u011fitim ve sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinin yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131
\n\u0130\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7, \u00f6zellikle Karadeniz ve Do\u011fu Anadolu b\u00f6lgelerindeki illerde daha fazla olmaktad\u0131r.
\nY\u00fcksek oranda g\u00f6\u00e7 alan \u015fehirlerin ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:
\n\u0130stanbul, Ankara, \u0130zmir, Adana, Bursa, \u015eanl\u0131 Urfa, Antalya, Mersin, Konya, Samsun, Gazi Antep, Diyarbak\u0131r gibi illerdir. \u0130\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7, \u00fclkemizde \u00f6zellikle sanayile\u015fmi\u015f merkezlere daha fazla olmaktad\u0131r
\n\u0130\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7lerin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131
\n\u2022 \u00dclke genelinde n\u00fcfusun da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda dengesizlik g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n\u2022 Yat\u0131r\u0131mlar dengesiz da\u011f\u0131l\u0131r.
\n\u2022 K\u0131rsal kesim yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131nda verimsizlik meydana gelir.
\n\u2022 D\u00fczensiz kentle\u015fme g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n\u2022 Sanayi tesisleri kent i\u00e7inde kal\u0131r.
\n\u2022 Kentlerde konut s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ekilir.
\n\u2022 Kent n\u00fcfusunda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 art\u0131\u015f meydana gelir.
\n\u2022 Alt yap\u0131 hizmetlerinde (yol, su, elektrik) yetersizlik g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n\u2022 Kentlerde i\u015fsiz insanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 artar.
\n\u0130\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in,
\n\u2022 Tar\u0131mda sulama olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak
\n\u2022 \u0130ntansif tar\u0131m metodunu geli\u015ftirmek,
\n\u2022 Besi ve ah\u0131r hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek ve yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rmak,
\n\u2022 K\u0131rsal kesimde e\u011fitim ve sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerini yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rmak,
\n\u2022 Tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 sanayi kollar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131rsal alanlara y\u00f6nlendirmek,
\n\u2022 K\u0131rsal kesimde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck sanayi kollar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek, vb. gereklidir.
\n2. Mevsimlik \u0130\u00e7 G\u00f6\u00e7ler
\nK\u0131rsal kesimdeki baz\u0131 ailelerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlere, tar\u0131m\u0131n yo\u011fun olarak yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlere, yaz turizminin geli\u015fti\u011fi yerlere bir m\u00fcddet \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeleri ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.
\nYaylaya \u00e7\u0131kma olay\u0131 da mevsimlik g\u00f6\u00e7ler i\u00e7erisinde yer al\u0131r. Mevsimlik g\u00f6\u00e7lerle Adana, Mersin, Hatay, Ayd\u0131n, Mu\u011fla, Antalya gibi merkezlerde, yaz ile k\u0131\u015f mevsimleri aras\u0131ndaki n\u00fcfus miktarlar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fmeler olmaktad\u0131r.
\nB. DI\u015e G\u00d6\u00c7LER
\nBir \u00fclkeden di\u011fer bir \u00fclkeye yap\u0131lan g\u00f6\u00e7lere d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7 denir.
\nD\u0131\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7lerin ba\u015fl\u0131ca nedenleri
\n\u2022 Ekonomik nedenlerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya gidilmesi
\n\u2022 Tabii afetler
\n\u2022 Sava\u015flar
\n\u2022 Etnik nedenler
\n\u2022 S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesi
\n\u2022 Uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fmalarla sa\u011flanan n\u00fcfus de\u011fi\u015fimi
\nD\u0131\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7lerin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131
\n\u2022 G\u00f6\u00e7 eden \u00fclkede n\u00fcfus artar, g\u00f6\u00e7 veren \u00fclkede ise azal\u0131r.
\n\u2022 \u00dclkeler aras\u0131nda ekonomik ili\u015fkiler geli\u015fir.
\n\u2022 \u00dclkeler aras\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ili\u015fkiler geli\u015fir.
\nD\u0131\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7ler ve T\u00fcrkiye
\n\u00dclkemize 1923 – 1989 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011fu Balkan \u00fclkelerinden olmak \u00fczere 2,2 milyon g\u00f6\u00e7 olmu\u015ftur. Bu say\u0131 n\u00fcfusumuzun % 5\u2032ini olu\u015fturur.
\n1950\u2032den sonra, ba\u015fta Almanya olmak \u00fczere yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na i\u015f\u00e7i gitmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn Fransa, Bel\u00e7ika, Hollanda, \u0130ngiltere, \u0130sve\u00e7, ABD, Avustralya, Libya, S. Arabistan, Kuveyt ve Orta Asya \u00fclkelerinde i\u015f\u00e7ilerimiz bulunmaktad\u0131r.
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019den yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 sonucunda;
\n\u2022 \u00dclkemize giren i\u015f\u00e7i d\u00f6vizi artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u2022 \u00dclke turizminin geli\u015fmesi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u2022 T\u00fcrk ticaretinin yakla\u015f\u0131k % 20 sine kaynak sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u2022 Artan n\u00fcfusun i\u015fsizlik sorununa k\u0131smen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulunmu\u015ftur.
\nYERLE\u015eME\u0130nsanlar\u0131n, \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 t\u00fcrdeki konutlarda, ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 toplu ya da da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k \u015fekilde s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmelerine yerle\u015fme denir.
\nYerle\u015fmeyi etkileyen fakt\u00f6rler
\n1. \u0130klim
\nYerle\u015fmeyi etkileyen en \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr. D\u00fcnya\u2019da Orta ku\u015fak karalar\u0131nda iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131 uygun oldu\u011fundan, n\u00fcfus fazla iken \u00e7\u00f6llerde, kutup b\u00f6lgelerindede batakl\u0131klarda ve y\u00fcksek da\u011fl\u0131k alanlarda, iklim \u015fartlar\u0131 uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, n\u00fcfus \u00e7ok azd\u0131r. Yine, Ekvatoral b\u00f6lgede 0 – 1000 m y\u00fckseltiler aras\u0131nda, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 nemli ve bunalt\u0131c\u0131 bir iklim etkili oldu\u011fundan, Amazon ile Kongo havzalar\u0131nda da n\u00fcfus azd\u0131r.
\n2. Yery\u00fcz\u00fc \u015fekilleri
\nDa\u011fl\u0131k, \u00e7ok engebeli ve y\u00fcksek sahalar, yerle\u015fmelerin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 ve geli\u015fmesini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde engellemektedir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fcz oval\u0131k alanlarda tar\u0131m, ula\u015f\u0131m, sanayi faaliyetleri daha \u00e7ok geli\u015fti\u011finden n\u00fcfus fazlad\u0131r. Do\u011fu Anadolu ve Karadeniz b\u00f6lgelerinde n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011funun az, Marmara ve Ege b\u00f6lgelerinde fazla olmas\u0131 buna \u00f6rnektir.
\n3. Toprak
\nVerimsiz topraklar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yerler, n\u00fcfus\u00e7a tenha iken (Tuz G\u00f6l\u00fc \u00e7evresi), verimli topraklar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yerler n\u00fcfus\u00e7a zengindir. (\u00c7ukurova ve Ege ovalar\u0131 gibi)
\n4. Ekonomik Kaynaklar
\nEkonomik kaynaklar\u0131n fazla oldu\u011fu, sanayi, ticaret faaliyetlerinin yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu, maden ve enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok bulundu\u011fu yerlerde n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu artmaktad\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde Marmara B\u00f6lgesi ile Zonguldak, Karab\u00fck, Ere\u011fli, Batman gibi merkezlerin n\u00fcfus\u00e7a yo\u011fun olmalar\u0131 ekonomik kaynaklar\u0131n \u00e7ok olmas\u0131ndand\u0131r. Ekonomik kaynaklar\u0131n yetersiz oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde, halk ge\u00e7imini temin etmek i\u00e7in g\u00f6\u00e7 etmekte ve n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 azalmaktad\u0131r.
\nYERLE\u015eME \u00c7E\u015e\u0130TLER\u0130
\nA. KIRSAL YERLE\u015eMET\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, n\u00fcfusu 10.000\u2032in alt\u0131nda olan yerle\u015fmelere denmektedir. K\u0131r yerle\u015fmeleri, tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k faaliyetlerinin birlikte yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerle\u015fmelerdir. K\u0131rsal yerle\u015fmelerin baz\u0131lar\u0131nda yerle\u015fik hayat tarz\u0131 (k\u00f6y gibi), baz\u0131lar\u0131nda konar – g\u00f6\u00e7erlik veya yaylac\u0131l\u0131k gibi yar\u0131 yerle\u015fik tarz g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\nK\u0131rsal kesimde yerle\u015fmeler toplu ve da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r.
\nToplu Yerle\u015fme: Evlerin birbirine yak\u0131n oldu\u011fu yerle\u015fme bi\u00e7imidir. Suyun az oldu\u011fu yerlerde ve arazinin d\u00fcz oldu\u011fu oval\u0131k alanlarda insanlar toplu olarak yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu, Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu b\u00f6lgelerinde su kaynaklar\u0131 az oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in toplu yerle\u015fmeler fazlad\u0131r.
\nDa\u011f\u0131n\u0131k Yerle\u015fme: Suyun (ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n) bol oldu\u011fu yerlerde, ar\u0131zal\u0131 ve e\u011fimli b\u00f6lgelerde, evlerin birbirinden uzak oldu\u011fu bah\u00e7eler i\u00e7erisinde insanlar da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k olarak yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi, da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k yerle\u015fmenin en yayg\u0131n olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerdir. Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k yerle\u015fmede su fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yer\u015fekillerinin engebelili\u011fi etkilidir.
\nK\u0131rsal yerle\u015fme \u00e7e\u015fitleri
\na. K\u00f6y alt\u0131 yerle\u015fmeleri: \u00c7iftlik, mezra, kom, divan, oba, yayla gibi yerle\u015fmelere denir. Bunlar k\u00f6ylerden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. Daha \u00e7ok, hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k ama\u00e7l\u0131 veya yazlar\u0131 serinlemek amac\u0131yla kurulmu\u015ftur. Do\u011fu Anadolu, G. Do\u011fu Anadolu, Karadeniz ve Akdeniz b\u00f6lgelerinde yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.
\nb. K\u00f6yler
\nc. Bucak ve nahiyeler
\nK\u0131rsal meskenlerin yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan malzemeler do\u011fal \u00e7evre ile yak\u0131ndan ili\u015fkilidir.
\n\u00c7evrede ta\u015f malzemeler yayg\u0131nsa konutlarda ta\u015f kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ormanl\u0131k y\u00f6relerde meskenlerde daha \u00e7ok ah\u015fap kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ta\u015f ve ah\u015fap malzemenin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yar\u0131 kurak b\u00f6lgelerde, meskenlerde kerpi\u00e7 malzeme kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n\u2022 Ta\u015f meskenler: K\u00f6ylerimizde \u00e7ok rastlanan mesken tiplerinden biri olup, daha \u00e7ok Akdeniz, Ege ve Do\u011fu Anadolu b\u00f6lgelerinde rastlan\u0131r.
\n\u2022 Ah\u015fap meskenler: Ah\u015fap k\u00f6y meskenlerinin en yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu yerler ormanl\u0131k y\u00f6relerimizdir. Daha \u00e7ok, Karadeniz, Akdeniz, Ege ve G\u00fcney Marmara\u2019da yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.
\n\u2022 Kerpi\u00e7 meskenler: \u00dclkemizde \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu, Do\u011fu Anadolu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu b\u00f6lgelerinde yayg\u0131n olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\nB. KENTSEL YERLE\u015eME (\u015eEH\u0130RLER)
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, n\u00fcfusu 10.000 den fazla olan yerle\u015fmelere kentsel yerle\u015fme denmektedir. 1935\u2032e kadar n\u00fcfusun % 80\u2032i k\u00f6ylerde otururken, kent n\u00fcfusu % 20\u2019sini olu\u015fturuyordu. 1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan say\u0131m sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re, ise n\u00fcfusun % 65\u2032i kentlerde % 35\u2032i k\u0131rsal kesimde toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00f6zellikle sanayinin geli\u015fmesine paralel olarak g\u00f6\u00e7 olay\u0131 artm\u0131\u015f ve yeni kentler ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ya da kentlerde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcmeler meydana gelmi\u015ftir.
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kentle\u015fme h\u0131z\u0131 sanayile\u015fme h\u0131z\u0131ndan daha y\u00fcksektir. Bu durum gecekondula\u015fma gibi bir \u00e7ok problemi beraberinde getirmi\u015ftir. 1997 y\u0131l\u0131 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re, kentle\u015fme oran\u0131n\u0131n en y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lge Marmara\u2019d\u0131r. Bu durum, b\u00f6lgenin \u00e7ok g\u00f6\u00e7 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve sanayile\u015fmede ileri gitti\u011fini g\u00f6sterir. Marmara\u2019y\u0131, Ege, \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu, Akdeniz, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu ve Do\u011fu Anadolu b\u00f6lgeleri takip eder. Kentle\u015fme oran\u0131 en az Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019N\u0130N BE\u015eER\u0130 CO\u011eRAFYASI N\u00dcFUS N\u00fcfus, belirli bir yerde ya\u015fayan insan say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. N\u00dcFUS ARTI\u015eI Do\u011fum oran\u0131 ile \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki fark n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Bir \u00fclkede do\u011fum oran\u0131 fazla, \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131 az ise n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131 meydana gelir. \u00d6l\u00fcm oran\u0131 do\u011fum oran\u0131ndan fazla olursa, n\u00fcfusta azalma meydana gelir. Genellikle az geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[3113,3112,3114,2922,3115,3116,3111],"class_list":["post-1049","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-aktif-nufus","tag-ihracat","tag-insaat","tag-nufus","tag-ticaret","tag-turizm","tag-turkiyenin-beseri-cografyasi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1049","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1049"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1049\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1049"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1049"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1049"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}