Bulutlar
\nBulutlar havan\u0131n g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde habercisidirler. Atmosferin i\u00e7erdi\u011fi su buhar\u0131n\u0131, g\u00f6rii\u015f\u00fc ve kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6sterirler. Bu durumu ile bulutlar, u\u00e7ucular\u0131n arkada\u015f\u0131d\u0131rlar. Fakat geni\u015f sahalar\u0131 kaplad\u0131klar\u0131 ve al\u00e7ak irtifada olu\u015ftuklar\u0131 zaman u\u00e7ucular\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 haline gelirler.<\/p>\n
Prensip olarak bulutlar, u\u00e7u\u015f ekibine tan\u0131t\u0131l\u0131rsa gelecek hava olaylar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f sahibi olurlar. U\u00e7ucular\u0131n bulut olu\u015fumu hakk\u0131ndaki bilgileri, u\u00e7u\u015fta muhtemcl tehlikeli meteorolojik olaylar\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131nda onlara yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
BULUTLARIN YAPISI :<\/p>\n
Bulutlar, suhunete ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck su damlac\u0131klar\u0131 veya buz kristallerinden meydana geliricr. Bulutlar,suhunet 0\u00b0C ile -15\u00b0C aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 so\u011f\u0131kmu\u015f su damlac\u0131klar\u0131 ve buz kristallerinden, -15\u00b0C alt\u0131nda ise b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda buz kristallerinden olu\u015furlar. Buna ra\u011fmen -60\u00b0C ta dahi su, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 so\u011fumu\u015f halde bulunabilir.<\/p>\n
Bulutlar yap\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re iki s\u0131n\u0131fa ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar.
\nBunlar :
\n\u00b7 Cumuluform Bulutlar (K\u00fcme Bulutlar)
\n\u00b7 Stratiform Bulutlar (Tabaka Bulutlar)<\/p>\n
CUMULUFORM BULUTLAR :<\/p>\n
Rutubetli havan\u0131n, dikey ak\u0131mlarla yo\u011funla\u015fman\u0131\u0131\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 seviyeye ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 halinde olu\u015furlar. Cum\u0131\u0131l\u0131\u0131form bulutlar, i\u00e7erlerit\u0131cieki clilcey ak\u0131mlar nedeniyle, istisnas\u0131z bir dereceye kadar t\u00fcrb\u00fclans i\u00e7erirler. Genel olarak g\u00f6ky\u00fc\u0131\u00fcn\u00fcn 5\/8’ini kapat\u0131rlar vc sa\u011fnak \u015feklir\u0131dc yagmur veya kar ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 yaparlar. At\u0131lm\u0131\u015f pamuk v\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131 veya karn\u0131bahar g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcndedirler.<\/p>\n
STRAT\u0130FORM BULUTLAR:
\nHavan\u0131n, b\u00fct\u00fcn tabakalar\u0131nda yo\u011funla\u015fma olacak kadar so\u011fuman\u0131n olmas\u0131 halinde olusurlar. Stratiform bulutlarda \u00e7ok az veya hi\u00e7 dikey\u00b7 ak\u0131m olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u00e7lerinde hi\u00e7 t\u00fcrb\u00fclans yoktur veya \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u015fiddettedir. Gcnel olarak g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn 8\/8 ini kapat\u0131rlar. \u00c7isenti, hafif ya\u011fmur ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 veya sut\u0131unetine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kar ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 yapabilirler. Tabakalar halinde yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ar\u015faf g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcndedirler.<\/p>\n
BULUT \u00c7E\u015e\u0130TLER\u0130 :
\nBulutlar irtifalar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7e\u015fitli s\u0131n\u0131fa ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
Al\u00e7ak \u0130rtifa Bulutlar\u0131.
\nOrta \u0130rtifa Bulutlar\u0131.
\nY\u00fcksek \u0130rtifa Bulutlar\u0131.
\nDikey Geli\u015fimli Bulutlar.<\/p>\n
AL\u00c7AK \u0130RT\u0130FA BULUTLARI:Bu s\u0131n\u0131fta Stratus ve Stratocumulus bulutlar\u0131 vard\u0131r ve orta enlemlerde 50-6500 feet irtifa aras\u0131nda olu\u015furlar.<\/p>\n
Strat\u00fcs (St):Al\u00e7ak, muntazam tabakal\u0131 bir bulut tipi olup \u00absis’e\u00bb benzer. Olu\u015fumu y\u00fczeyden ba\u015flamaz; fakat al\u00e7ak tepeleri i\u00e7ine al\u0131r. Sisle birle\u015fti\u011fi zaman IFR u\u00e7u\u015flar i\u00e7in baz\u0131 problemler meydana getirir. R\u00fczgar sebebi ile da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Fraktostrat\u00fcs (Fs) bulutlar\u0131 olu\u015fur.Herhangi bir cephesel olay olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, yer karla kapl\u0131 oldu\u011fu zaman alttan so\u011fuma ile te\u015fekk\u00fcl eder. Suhur\u0131etine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kar veya ya\u011fmur ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 yapar. E\u011fer 50 feet’in alt\u0131nda olu\u015fursa sis olarak isimlendirilir.
\n\u00d6zellikleri :<\/p>\n
\u00b7 Devaml\u0131 (par\u00e7alar halinde de\u011fil bir b\u00fct\u00fcn meydana getiren) bulutlar \u015feklindedir.
\n\u00b7 Taba\u0131 y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 50 feetten ba\u015flar.
\n\u00b7 Dikey kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir ka\u00e7 y\u00fcz fect ile 1000-2000 feet aras\u0131ncla de\u011fi\u015fir.
\n\u00b7 G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, bulut alt\u0131nda \u00e7isenti \u0131e sis yoksa ortad\u0131r. Bulut i\u00e7inde 10-15 feet’tir.
\n\u00b7 Baz\u0131 durumlarda kaba buzlanma olabilir. Bul\u0131\u0131t \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131karak buzlanma \u00f6nlenebilir.<\/p>\n
Strat\u00fcs bulutunun tabanlar\u0131 al\u00e7ak oldu\u011fundan ve al\u00e7ak tepeleri i\u00e7ine ald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, bulut u\u00e7u\u015funa elvcri\u015fli dc\u011fildir. Ke\u015fif ve sahil muhafaza g\u00f6revlerini engeller. Taban v\u00fckseklikleri bilinmeden ce altimetre ayar\u0131 yap\u0131lmadan al\u00e7almak tehlikelidir.<\/p>\n
Stratoc\u0131\u0131mulus (Sc) :
\nYuvarlak k\u00fcmelerden olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Genellikle .gri. renkte olup yer yer daha koyu k\u0131s\u0131mlan vard\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok nedenlerle olu\u015fan ve \u00e7ok rastlanan bir buluttur. S\u0131k s\u0131k, engebeli arazide esen r\u00fczgar\u0131n kararl\u0131 havay\u0131 kan\u015ft\u0131rarak kald\u0131rmas\u0131 neticesinde, bazende Strat\u00fcs bulutunun par\u00e7alanmas\u0131ndan veya Cumulus bulutunun da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikleri :
\n\u00b7 Geni\u015f bir sahay\u0131 kaplar. Baz\u0131 durumlarda ince ve hatta par\u00e7alan\u0131n\u0131\u015f olabilir.
\n\u00b7 Tabanlar\u0131 2000-4000 feet aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Deniz ve d\u00fczg\u00fcn arazi \u00fczerinde bulut alt\u0131nda u\u00e7ulabilinir.
\n\u00b7 Bulut alt\u0131nda ve i\u00e7inde hafiften orta \u015fiddete kadar t\u00fcrb\u00fclans vard\u0131r. E\u011fer bulut i\u00e7inde “Cu + Cb” var ise beklenmiyen \u015fiddette t\u00fcrb\u00fclansla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.
\n\u00b7Suhunet 0\u00b0C ile -10\u00b0C aras\u0131nda ise \u00e7ok \u015fiddetli buzlanma olur; fakat buzlanma h\u0131z\u0131 azd\u0131r.
\n\u00b7Tek u\u00e7ak, bulut u\u00e7u\u015fu i\u00e7in elveri\u015flidir. Zay\u0131f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve t\u00fcrb\u00fclans sebebiyle kol u\u00e7u\u015funu zorla\u015ft\u0131nr.<\/p>\n
ORTA IRTIFA BULUTLARI:
\nBu s\u0131n\u0131fta Altostrat\u00fcs, Altocumulus ve Nimbostrat\u00fcs bulutlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Orta enlemler de 6500 – 23000 feet aras\u0131nda olu\u015furlar. G\u00fcne\u015f etraf\u0131nda \u201cKoronab\u201d olu\u015fturmalar\u0131 belirli \u00f6zelliklerindendir.<\/p>\n
Altostrat\u00fcs (As):
\nGenellikle gri, bazen maviye ka\u00e7an renkte kal\u0131n bir tabaka bulut olup, b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc kaplar. Bulutun g\u00f6run\u00fcm\u00fc hi\u00e7bir zaman engebeli olmay\u0131p daima d\u00fczgiin bir g\u00f6riin\u00fcm\u00fc vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikleri :
\n\u00b7 Devaml\u0131 bir \u00f6rt\u00fc gibidir. Bazen par\u00e7alarsa da genel olarak yatay ve dikey olarak geni\u015f bir sahay\u0131 kaplar.
\n\u00b7 \u0130nce olanlar\u0131n tabanlar\u0131 10000 feet \u00fczerindedir; fakat s\u0131cak cephe yakla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a 6500 feet’e kadar inerler.
\n\u00b7 Dikey kal\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 15000 feetten fazla
\n\u00b7 \u0130nce olanlar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f 4500 feet kadard\u0131r. Bulut kal\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a k\u0131sa zamanda 60 300 feet’e kadar d\u00fc\u015fer. Kal\u0131n Altostrat\u00fcslerde yagmur ve kar halinde ya\u011f\u0131\u015fa rastlan\u0131r.
\n\u00b7 I\u00e7lerinde hafif t\u00fcrb\u00fclans vard\u0131r.
\n\u00b7 Hafif ve orta \u015fiddette buzlanma olabilir. Herhangi bir problem te\u015fkil etmemesi i\u00e7in u\u00e7u\u015fun bulut i\u00e7inde uzun zaman devam etmemesi gerekir.
\n\u00b7 Kol u\u00e7u\u015funa elveri\u015flidir.
\n\u00b7 S\u0131cak cephenin yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n habercisidir.<\/p>\n
Altostrat\u00fcslerin yap\u0131s\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 \u00f6zellik vard\u0131r :
\n\u00b7 Yukan k\u0131s\u0131mlan tamamen veya k\u0131smen buz kristallerini,
\n\u00b7 Orta k\u0131s\u0131mlan, kar kristali, kar pulu, buz kristali ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 so\u011f\u0131\u0131mu\u015f su damlac\u0131klann\u0131,
\n\u00b7 A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 ise k\u0131smen veya tamamen a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 so\u011fumu\u015f su veya normal su damlac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n
Altocumulus (Ac) :
\nYass\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f k\u00fcrevi bulutlar olup, gruplar, hatlar veya dalgalar \u015feklinde bir g\u00f6riin\u00fcmleri vard\u0131r. Bazen b\u0131\u0131lutlar\u0131n kenarlar\u0131 birbiriyle birle\u015fmi\u015f olabilir. Altocumuluslar esas olarak de\u011fi\u015fik \u015fekillerdeki su damlac\u0131klar\u0131ndan olu\u015fmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bu bak\u0131mdan \u015feffafl\u0131k dereceleri azd\u0131r. Buna ra\u011fmen \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck suhunetlerde buz kristallerinden de olu\u015fabilirler.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikleri :
\n\u00b7 Tabanlar\u0131 6500-20000 fcet aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. nadiren ya\u011fmur ve kar halinde ya\u011f\u0131\u015f yaparlar.
\n\u00b7 Dikey geli\u015fimden ziyade tabakalar ha linde olu\u015furlar. Castellan\u00fcs (Acc) tipleri ol duk\u00e7a dikey kal\u0131nl\u0131k g\u00f6sterir ve oraja neden olurlar.
\n\u00b7 G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bulut alt\u0131nda iyi, bulut i\u00e7inde zay\u0131ft\u0131r.
\n\u00b7 Hafif t\u00fcrb\u00fclans yaparlar.
\n\u00b7 \u00c7ok ender olarak huzlanma yaparlar. Buzlanma, buluttan \u00e7\u0131kmakla \u00f6nlenebilir.
\n\u00b7 Hatlar halinde Altocumulus, genellikle bir cephenin yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Cephe istikameti, bulutun kal\u0131nla$mas\u0131na g\u00f6re tayin edilebilir.<\/p>\n
Nimbostrat\u00fcs (Ais) :
\nAl\u00e7ak, gayri muntazam \u015fekilli, genellikle yeknesak, koyu gri renkli ve \u0131slak g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmdedir. Genel olarak yatay ve dikey olarak \u00e7ok geni\u015f sahalar\u0131 kaplar. Su damlac\u0131klar\u0131, kar kristalleri, ku\u015f ba\u015f\u0131 kar taneleri veya bunlar\u0131n kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Orta irtifa bulutu olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, ya\u011fmur an\u0131nda tabanlar\u0131 al\u00e7alabilir. Devaml\u0131 ya\u011frt\u0131\u0131\u0131r veya kar halinde ya\u011f\u0131\u015f yapar. U\u00e7u\u015fu b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde engeller.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikleri :
\n\u00b7 Devaml\u0131 buluttur. Alt\u0131nda Franktostrat\u00fcsler bulunabilir.
\n\u00b7 Tabanlar\u0131 deniz \u00fczerinde satha kadar inebilir.
\n\u00b7 Dikey kal\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 15000 feetten fazlad\u0131r.
\n\u00b7 Bul\u0131\u0131t i\u00e7inde giir\u00fc\u015f, 10-20 feet kadar i\u0131\u0131\u0131lut alt\u0131nda ya\u011fmur ve sis sebebiyle zay\u0131ft\u0131\u0131-.
\n\u00b7 Karalar \u00fczeri\u0131\u0131de bulut alt\u0131r\u0131da hafif ve c\u0131rta \u015fiddette, bulut i\u00e7inde ise sakl\u0131 Cu + Cb nedeniyle \u00e7ok \u015fiddetli t\u00fcrb\u00fclansa rastlan\u0131r.
\n\u00b7 Bulut i\u00e7inde ve bilhassa donan ya\u011fmu\u0131- \u015feklinde y\u00b7a\u011f\u0131\u015f var ise, bulut alt\u0131nda \u015fiddetli buzlann\u0131a olur.
\n\u00b7 \u00c7ok zay\u0131f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, al\u00e7ak tavan, t\u00fcrb\u00fclans ve buzlanma nedeniyle u\u00e7u\u015fu engeller.<\/p>\n
Y\u00dcKSEK \u0130RT\u0130FA BUILUTLARI
\nBu s\u0131n\u0131fta Cirrus, Cirrostratus, Cirrocun\u0131\u0131\u0131lus bulutlar\u0131 bulur\u0131ur. Taban irtifalar\u0131 16000 ile 45000 feet aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Cirrus (Ci) :
\nBir birinden yar\u0131 demetler, hatlar ve t\u00fcy gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde buz kristallerinden olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. G\u00fcn\u00fcn her saatinde ufka \u00e7ok yak\u0131n olmayan Cirrus’ler g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn ayn\u0131 par\u00e7as\u0131nda bulunan di\u011fcr bulutlardan daha beyazd\u0131r. G\u00fcnes ufukta iken Cirrus’ler bevaz\u0131ms\u0131 renkte olup g\u00fcne\u015fin batmas\u0131 \u00fczerine y\u00fcksekteki Cirruslar sar\u0131, pembe, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ve nihayet k\u00fcl rengini al\u0131rlar. \u015eafakta bu renk s\u0131ras\u0131, tersinedir. Hatlar \u015feklinde olu\u015fmu\u015f ve Cirrostratus veya Cirrocu\u0131nulus ile birle\u015fmi\u015fse, k\u00f6t\u00fc havan\u0131n yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterirler. Yaz\u0131n havan\u0131n g\u00fczel olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikleri :
\n\u00b7 Par\u00e7alar halindedir.
\n\u00b7 Tabanlar\u0131 20000 ile 40000 feet aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.
\n\u00b7 Dikey olarak \u00e7ok ince olabildi\u011fi gibi binlerce feet kal\u0131nl\u0131kta da olabilir.
\n\u00b7 T\u00fcrb\u00fcla\u0131\u0131s yoktur (a\u00e7\u0131k hava t\u00fcrb\u00fclans\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir).
\n\u00b7 Cb lerle birle\u015fmi\u015f Ci hulutlar\u0131 hari\u00e7 buzlanma olmaz.
\n\u00b7 Y\u00fcksek irtifada nisbi rutubetin fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Egzozt gazlar\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011funla\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterirler.<\/p>\n
Cirrostrat\u00fcs (Cs) :<\/p>\n
\u0130nce beyaz\u0131mtrak t\u00fcl veya pe\u00e7e \u015feklinde g\u00f6kyti\u0131tir\u0131\u00fc tamamen veya k\u0131smen kapat\u0131r. G\u00fcne\u015fin ve Ay’\u0131n etraf\u0131nda \u00abhale\u00bb meydana getirir. cisimlerin g\u00f6lge meydana ge\u0131irmesine mani olmazlar. Bu bulutlar, Cirrus veva Cirrocumulus bulutlar\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015fmesinden, Cirrocumulus’lerden d\u00fc\u015fen buz kristallerinden, Altostrat\u00fcs bulutlar\u0131n\u0131n incelmesinden veya Cumulonimbus’lerde olu\u015fan \u00ab\u00f6rs\u00bb \u00fcn yay\u0131lmas\u0131ndan olu\u015furlar. Cirrostrat\u00fcsler genellikle k\u00f6t\u00fc havan\u0131n yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterirler ve k\u00f6t\u00fc hava \u015fartlar\u0131ndan u\u0131a\u011fa do\u011fru hareket ederler. Sadece, kararl\u0131 hava tabakalar\u0131nda buz kristallerinden olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikleri :
\n\u00b7 Devaml\u0131 bir buluttur.
\n\u00b7 Tabanlar\u0131 20000 feet ve yukar\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. \u00b7 Dikey kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 birka\u00e7 bin feet olabilir. \u00b7 G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bulutun kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re iyiden k\u00f6t\u00fcye kadar de\u011fi\u015febilir.
\n\u00b7 T\u00fcrb\u00fclans ve buzlanma yoktur.<\/p>\n
Cirrocumulus (Cc) :
\nBir araya gelmi\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck top top bulutlar\u0131n mey\u00b7dana getirdi\u011fi tabaka \u015feklinde bir bulutt\u0131\u0131r. Genellikle cisimlerin g\u00f6lge meydana getirmesine mani olmaz. Karars\u0131z tabakalarda buz kristallerinden olu\u015fmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, bazende a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 so\u011fumu\u015f su damlac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Karars\u0131z havan\u0131n habercisidir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zelllkleri :
\n\u00b7 Devaml\u0131 bir buluttur.
\n\u00b7 Tabanlar\u0131 20000 feet’in \u00fczerindedir. \u00b7 Dikey kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterir. \u00b7 Kal\u0131n olanlarmda g\u00f6i-\u00fc\u015f azd\u0131r.
\n\u00b7 A\u00e7\u0131k hava t\u00fcrb\u00fclans\u0131 hari\u00e7, t\u00fcrb\u00fclans voktur.
\n\u00b7 Buzlanma yoktur.<\/p>\n
D\u0130KEY GEL\u0130\u015e\u0130ML\u0130 BULUTLAR :
\nBu s\u0131n\u0131fta Cumulus ve Cumulonumbus bulutlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Taban irtifalar\u0131, al\u00e7ak ve orta, tavan irtifalar\u0131 y\u00fcksek bulut s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na girer. Buzlanma seviyesine kadar su damlac\u0131klar\u0131, bu seviyenin \u00fcst\u00fcnde buz kristalleri ve bazende a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 so\u011fumu\u015f su damlac\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7erirler.<\/p>\n
Cumulus (Cu) :
\nK\u00fcme, kubbe veya kuleler halinde dikine geli\u015fen, genel olarak yo\u011fun halde bulunan, d\u0131\u015f hatlar\u0131 belirli, \u00fcst taraf\u0131 karn\u0131bahar g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcndedir. Do\u011frudan \u0131\u015f\u0131k alan yerleri, parlak beyaz; di\u011fer k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015fin durumuna gore g\u00f6lgeli veya siyah olabilir. Tabanlan gri renktedir. Tabanlar\u0131 d\u00fcz ve \u00fczerleri yumrula\u015fm\u0131\u015f Cumulus’ler g\u00fczel havay\u0131 i\u015faret eder. Dikine geli\u015fimli olanlar t\u00fcrb\u00fclans, buzlanma i\u00e7erirler ve Thunderstorm’un ilk safhas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Suhunete g\u00f6re kar veya ya\u011fmur sa\u011fanag\u0131 yapar.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikleri :
\n\u00b7K\u00fcme \u015feklinde dikine geli\u015ftiklerinden devaml\u0131 degildirler.
\n\u00b7 Taban y\u00fckseklikleri rutubete ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fir.
\n\u00b7 Dikey kal\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 birka\u00e7 bin feet olabilir.
\n\u00b7 G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bulutun kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re iyiden k\u00f6t\u00fcye de\u011fi\u015febilir.
\n\u00b7 Hafiften \u015fiddetliye kadar t\u00fcrb\u00fclans i\u00e7erir.
\n\u00b7 Bazen \u015fiddetli \u015feffaf buzlanma olur. Bulut alt k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda t\u00fcrb\u00fclansl\u0131 hava olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, emniyetli u\u00e7u\u015f i\u00e7in yeterli irtifa vard\u0131r. Bulut i\u00e7indeki \u015fiddetli t\u00fcrb\u00fclans, buzlanma ve zay\u0131t g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f u\u00e7u\u015fu tehdit eder.<\/p>\n
Cumulonimbus (Cb) :
\n\u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck dikey geli\u015fimli, \u00fcst taraf\u0131 bir dag veya kule bi\u00e7imindedir. U\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131 b\u0131\u0131z kristallerinin olu\u015fturdug\u0131\u0131 lifli bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe sahiptir ve yay\u0131larak “\u00f6rs” \u015fekline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. \u00d6rs\u00fcn uzant\u0131s\u0131, bulutun hareket y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6sterir .Bu tip bulut oraj\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fi olup sa\u011fanak, g\u00f6k giirult\u00fcs\u00fc, dolu, f\u0131rt\u0131na ve Tornado’ya neden olur. Bulutun \u015fekli, i\u00e7indeki dikey ceryanlar nedeniyle devaml\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\n
Bir s\u0131ra halinde Cb ler so\u011fuk cephenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterirler ve So\u011fuk Cephenin 50 – 300 NM. \u00f6n\u00fcnde cepheye paralel F\u0131rt\u0131na Hatt\u0131n\u0131 (Squal Line) olu\u015ftururlar.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikleri :
\n\u00b7 So\u011fuk cephe \u00f6n\u00fcnde olu\u015fan F\u0131rt\u0131na Hatt\u0131 hari\u00e7 devaml\u0131 de\u011fildir.
\n\u00b7 Tabantar\u0131 3000 feet veya daha al\u00e7akt\u0131r. Deniz \u00fczerinde satha kadar inebilir.
\n\u00b7 Dikey kal\u0131nl\u0131klan I5000 – 30000 feettir. Tropikal b\u00f6tgelerde bu kal\u0131nl\u0131k 60000 feet’e kadar \u00e7\u0131kabilir.
\n\u00b7 G\u00f6ru\u015f; bulut alt\u0131nda sa\u011fnak ya\u011fmur, kar ve dolu nedeniyle \u00e7ok k\u00f6t\u00fc olabilir. Bulut i\u00e7inde 30 feet’ten daha azd\u0131r.
\n\u00b7 Kii\u00e7\u00fck tiplerinde dahi \u015fiddetli t\u00fcrb\u00fclans vard\u0131r.
\n\u00b70\u00b0 ite -28\u00b0C aras\u0131nda \u015fiddetli buzlanma vard\u0131r.
\n\u00b7\u00c7ok az g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, \u015fiddetli t\u00fcrb\u00fclans ve buzlanma nedeniyle u\u00e7u\u015fu engeller. \u00d6zel e\u011fitim g\u00f6rmeden ve bulutun \u00f6zelligini bilmeden yap\u0131lan u\u00e7u\u015flar tehlikelidir. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda alt\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ilebilir. \u00dcstten ge\u00e7i\u015flerde en az 1\/3 \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131ndan, \u00fcst\u00fcnden, arala. r\u0131ndan ge\u00e7mek veya etraf\u0131nda dola\u015fmak geeekir. 14.000 – 20.000 feet aras\u0131nda kesinlikle u\u00e7ulmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
TROPOSFER\u0130N \u00dcZER\u0130NDEK\u0130 BULUTLAR :<\/p>\n
Polar ve Sub – Polar b\u00f6lgelerde, Stratosferde veya \u00fczerinde Nacreous ve Noct\u0131lucent denilen bulutlar g\u00f6zlenmi\u015ftir.Noclacreous bulutlar 70.000 – l00.000 feet arasmda esas yap\u0131lar\u0131 bilinmeyen; fakat k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck su damiac\u0131klar\u0131 veya buz kristallerinden olu\u015ftu\u011fu tahmin edilen bulutlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Noct\u0131lucent bulutlar ise 250.000 – 300.000 Feet’te g\u00f6zlenmi\u015f, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f mavisi renginde bulutlard\u0131r. Genellikle Do\u011fu, Kuzey Do\u011fu istikametinde 100-150 Knot s\u00fcratle hareket eden bu bulutlar\u0131n kozmik tozlardan olu\u015ftu\u011fu san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Bulutlar Bulutlar havan\u0131n g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde habercisidirler. Atmosferin i\u00e7erdi\u011fi su buhar\u0131n\u0131, g\u00f6rii\u015f\u00fc ve kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6sterirler. Bu durumu ile bulutlar, u\u00e7ucular\u0131n arkada\u015f\u0131d\u0131rlar. Fakat geni\u015f sahalar\u0131 kaplad\u0131klar\u0131 ve al\u00e7ak irtifada olu\u015ftuklar\u0131 zaman u\u00e7ucular\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 haline gelirler. Prensip olarak bulutlar, u\u00e7u\u015f ekibine tan\u0131t\u0131l\u0131rsa gelecek hava olaylar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f sahibi olurlar. U\u00e7ucular\u0131n bulut olu\u015fumu hakk\u0131ndaki bilgileri, u\u00e7u\u015fta muhtemcl tehlikeli meteorolojik olaylar\u0131n …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[3188,2977,3189],"class_list":["post-1079","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-bulutlar","tag-meteoroloji","tag-stratociimulus"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1079","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1079"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1079\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1079"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1079"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1079"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}