H\u00fccre:
\n*Canl\u0131lar\u0131 olu\u015fturan birimlere h\u00fccre ad\u0131 verilir.
\n* H\u00fccrenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00f6zelliklerinin bilinmesi mikroskobun bulunmas\u0131yla ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk kez Robert Hooke yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 basit mikroskopla \u015fi\u015fe mantar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 inceleyerek bal pete\u011fine benzer yap\u0131lar g\u00f6r\u00fcr. G\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu odac\u0131klara h\u00fccre ad\u0131n\u0131 verir.
\n*Geli\u015fen teknolojiyle birlikte mikroskopta geli\u015fmi\u015f ve daha sonra elektron mikroskobunun bulunmas\u0131yla h\u00fccrenin pek \u00e7ok \u00f6zelli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n* G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden yakla\u015f\u0131k 400 y\u0131l \u00f6nce lensleri keserek g\u00f6zl\u00fck \u00fcreten Zackairas Janssen tarihte ilk mikroskop olarak tan\u0131mlanan aleti yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n* Hollandal\u0131 Antoni Van Leewenhook g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki mikroskoplara en yak\u0131n mikroskobu yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Levwenhook g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen canl\u0131lar\u0131n d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 inceleyen ilk bilim insanlar\u0131ndan biridir.
\n*Robert Hooke 1600 l\u00fc y\u0131llarda ilk bile\u015fik mikroskobu geli\u015ftirir. Mikroskopta g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bitki h\u00fccrelerini anlat\u0131rken h\u00fccre terimini kullanan bilim insan\u0131 olarak tarihe ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n
Bitki ve Hayvan H\u00fccresi Aras\u0131ndaki Farklar:<\/p>\n
B\u0130TK\u0130 H\u00dcCRES\u0130\t HAYVAN H\u00dcCRES\u0130
\nK\u00f6\u015feli bir yap\u0131ya sahiptir.\t Yuvarlak bir \u015fekli vard\u0131r.
\nH\u00fccre duvar\u0131 vard\u0131r.\t H\u00fccre duvar\u0131 yoktur.
\nKofullar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck ve az say\u0131dad\u0131r.\t Kofullar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve \u00e7ok say\u0131dad\u0131r
\nKloroplast vard\u0131r.\t Kloroplast yoktur.<\/p>\n
Bitki ve hayvan h\u00fccreleri aras\u0131nda farkl\u0131l\u0131klar olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen t\u00fcm h\u00fccreler;h\u00fccre zar\u0131,stoplazma ve \u00e7ekirdek olmak \u00fczere 3 temel b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
1.H\u00fccre Zar\u0131:
\nH\u00fccreyi d\u0131\u015f ortamdan ay\u0131r\u0131r ve sarar. H\u00fccreye \u015fekil verir ve onu d\u0131\u015f etkilerden korur. \u00dczerinde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck delikler vard\u0131r. Bu delikler h\u00fccreye madde giri\u015f \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. H\u00fccreye gerekli malzemeleri h\u00fccre i\u00e7ine al\u0131r. H\u00fccre i\u00e7inde olu\u015fan at\u0131k maddeleri d\u0131\u015far\u0131 atar. H\u00fccre zar\u0131 canl\u0131,ince ve esnektir. H\u00fccre zar\u0131 madde al\u0131\u015fveri\u015finde se\u00e7icilik g\u00f6sterir. Kendisine gerekli olan maddelerin h\u00fccre i\u00e7ine girmesine izin verirken at\u0131k maddelerin d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya at\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Zararl\u0131 maddelerin h\u00fccreye girmesine izin vermez. Bu yap\u0131s\u0131 ile h\u00fccre zar\u0131 se\u00e7ici ge\u00e7irgen \u00f6zelliktedir.<\/p>\n
2.Stoplazma:
\nH\u00fccre zar\u0131yla \u00e7ekirde\u011fin aras\u0131n\u0131 dolduran yumurta ak\u0131na benzeyen s\u0131v\u0131d\u0131r. H\u00fccre stoplazmas\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde farkl\u0131 g\u00f6revleri olan b\u00f6l\u00fcmler vard\u0131r. Farkl\u0131 canl\u0131l\u0131k olaylar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere organel denir. H\u00fccrenin t\u00fcm ya\u015famsal faaliyetleri bu organellerde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. H\u00fccredeki bu organellerin denetiminden d\u00fczenli ve uyum i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan h\u00fccre \u00e7ekirde\u011finin i\u00e7indeki kal\u0131tsal madde sorumludur. H\u00fccre stoplazmas\u0131nda bulunan organel ve g\u00f6revleri \u015f\u00f6yledir.<\/p>\n
a.Mitekondri:
\nH\u00fccreler farkl\u0131 g\u00f6revlerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in enerjiye ihtiya\u00e7 duyarlar. H\u00fccre i\u00e7in gereken enerji mitekondriler taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilir. Mitekondriler h\u00fccrenin enerji ocaklar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
b.Kloroplast:
\nYe\u015fil bitkilerde bulunur. \u0130nsan ve hayvan h\u00fccrelerinde bulunmaz. Kloroplast organeli en \u00e7ok ye\u015fil bitkilerin yapraklar\u0131nda bulunur. Bitkilerin ye\u015fil renkli olmas\u0131n\u0131 kloroplastlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulunan ye\u015fil renk verici maddeler sa\u011flar. Kloroplastlar bitkilerin g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak besin \u00fcretmelerini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
c.Koful:
\nHem bitki hem de hayvan h\u00fccrelerinde bulunan bir organeldir. Bitki h\u00fccresindeki kofullar b\u00fcy\u00fck ve az say\u0131dad\u0131r. Hayvan h\u00fccresindeki kofullar ise k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve \u00e7ok say\u0131dad\u0131r. Gen\u00e7 bitki h\u00fccrelerindeki kofullar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck,ya\u015fl\u0131 bitki h\u00fccrelerinde ise b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Kofullar h\u00fccrede besin ve at\u0131k maddeleri depolamakta g\u00f6revlidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
H\u00fccre: *Canl\u0131lar\u0131 olu\u015fturan birimlere h\u00fccre ad\u0131 verilir. * H\u00fccrenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00f6zelliklerinin bilinmesi mikroskobun bulunmas\u0131yla ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk kez Robert Hooke yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 basit mikroskopla \u015fi\u015fe mantar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 inceleyerek bal pete\u011fine benzer yap\u0131lar g\u00f6r\u00fcr. G\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu odac\u0131klara h\u00fccre ad\u0131n\u0131 verir. *Geli\u015fen teknolojiyle birlikte mikroskopta geli\u015fmi\u015f ve daha sonra elektron mikroskobunun bulunmas\u0131yla h\u00fccrenin pek \u00e7ok \u00f6zelli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[3348,2530,3351,2465,2538,3350,3353,3349,3352],"class_list":["post-1131","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-bitki-ve-hayvan-hucresi-farkliliklari","tag-hucre","tag-hucre-duvari","tag-kloroplast","tag-koful","tag-mikroskop","tag-mitekondri","tag-robert-hooke","tag-stoplazma"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1131","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1131"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1131\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1131"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1131"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1131"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}