Ar\u015fimet taraf\u0131ndan farkedilen ve ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen bir ilkeyle, suyun kald\u0131rma kuvveti a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Su kendi yo\u011funlu\u011fundan da az yo\u011funlu\u011fa sahip olan cisimleri, y\u00fczeyine do\u011fru itmektedir. Yo\u011funluk farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131ndan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan itme kuvveti etkisiyle cisim y\u00fczmeye ba\u015flar. Burada her ne kadar gemi ve deniz m\u00fchendisli\u011finin alan\u0131na girdi\u011finden, \u00f6rnek su olarak al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fsa da bu ilke s\u0131v\u0131lar i\u00e7in genel kurald\u0131r.
\n Yo\u011funluk kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 basit \u015fekilde s\u00f6yle yap\u0131labilir: Elinize alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z bir kab\u0131 ta\u015fana kadar doldurun. Tabii \u00f6nce o kab\u0131 da ondan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck olan ba\u015fka bir kaba koyun. Sonrada y\u00fczebilecek herhangi bir cismi kaba at\u0131n. B\u00fcy\u00fck kapta biriken ta\u015fma suyu, varsa bir \u00f6l\u00e7ekle (\u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r makinesi toz \u00f6lc\u00fcs\u00fc veya \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u015fu s\u00fcrahisi de olur) hacmini, bir teraziylede a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6lc\u00fcn. Sonra bir b\u00f6lme i\u015flemiyle a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hacme b\u00f6l\u00fcn. Buldu\u011funuz o rakam kabaca o cismin yo\u011funlu\u011funu verir. Bu say\u0131 birden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckse kaba att\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z \u00e7isim \u015fu an suda y\u00fcz\u00fcyor durumdad\u0131r. Birden b\u00fcy\u00fckse suya batm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi i\u00e7me suyu kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr ve i\u00e7me suyunun yo\u011funlu\u011fu 1’dir.
\n Asl\u0131nda bu do\u011fal olay y\u00fczmenin de nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini ortaya koyar. Ar\u015fimet bu deneyi ayn\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki iki alt\u0131n par\u00e7ay\u0131 terazinin iki koluna ba\u011flay\u0131p birini suya bat\u0131rarak yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan kendi buldu\u011fu y\u00f6ntemle alt\u0131nlar\u0131n ikisi de ger\u00e7ekse yo\u011funluklar\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, biri farkl\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlardan olu\u015fan alt\u0131nsa yo\u011funluk fark\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve kan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u0130lk bilim adamlar\u0131ndan biri olan Archimadas M\u00d6 287-212 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Yunanistan\u2019da ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir rivayete g\u00f6re, banyosunu yaparken suyu a\u011fz\u0131na kadar doldurup i\u00e7ine girmi\u015f ve v\u00fccudunun suyu ta\u015f\u0131rmas\u0131yla \u00e7ok ilgilenmi\u015ftir. Bunun \u00fczerine su gibi bir s\u0131v\u0131 i\u00e7ine konulan her \u015feyin yukar\u0131 do\u011fru itildi\u011fini ve bu itme kuvvetinin yer de\u011fi\u015ftiren yani ta\u015fan s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na e\u015fit oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. Archimadas y\u00fczen cisimler isimli eserinde \u015fu prensibi ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Bir s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n veya gaz\u0131n i\u00e7ine bat\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir cisim, batan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn hacmi kadar yukar\u0131ya do\u011fru itilir. Cismi kald\u0131ran bu kuvvet yer \u00e7ekiminin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da kuvvet miktar\u0131 kadar azal\u0131r. Ar\u015fimed bu prensibinden cisimlerin hacminin hesab\u0131nda istifade etti. Suyun yo\u011funlu\u011fu bir gram\/cm3 oldu\u011fundan su i\u00e7ine dald\u0131r\u0131lan bir cisim hacmi kadar a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kla suyu ta\u015f\u0131r\u0131r. O halde ta\u015fan suyun a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 cismin hacmini verecektir. Denizalt\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 Ar\u015fimed prensibinin do\u011frulu\u011funu deneyler g\u00f6sterdi. \u00d6rne\u011fin banyodan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra kol ve bacaklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kur\u015fun gibi a\u011f\u0131r hissederiz. Bunun sebebi banyo i\u00e7indeyken v\u00fccudun a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hemen hemen kaybetmesi su taraf\u0131ndan \u201ckald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d d\u0131r. Her s\u0131v\u0131 ya da gaz, i\u00e7ine konan e\u015fyaya kald\u0131rma g\u00fcc\u00fc uygular. Bir e\u015fya bir s\u0131v\u0131 ya da gaz i\u00e7ine kondu\u011fu zaman iki \u015fey olur. E\u015fya bir k\u0131s\u0131m s\u0131v\u0131 ya da gaz\u0131n yerini de\u011fi\u015ftirir ve bir k\u0131s\u0131m a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da kaybeder. Deneyler ise yer de\u011fi\u015ftiren s\u0131v\u0131 veya gaz\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fyan\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kayb\u0131na e\u015fit oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Bir denizalt\u0131 yer de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fi suyun a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 safra tanklar\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla kontrol eder. Safra tanklar\u0131 bo\u015fken (su bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 havayla d\u0131\u015far\u0131 at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olarak) denizalt\u0131 kendi a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki sudan fazlas\u0131na yer de\u011fi\u015ftirir ve bir gemi gibi denizin \u00fcst\u00fcnde y\u00fczer. Safra tanklar\u0131 dolunca a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, suyun kald\u0131rma g\u00fcc\u00fcnden fazla oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in dolar. Ya da suyun i\u00e7ine, iple ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir demir par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 sark\u0131tarak, demiri su i\u00e7inde kolayl\u0131kla a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 hareket ettirebiliriz ama sudan \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z vakit demir \u00e7ok daha a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fm\u0131\u015f gibi gelir. Ar\u015fimed bunun nedenini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Su gibi bir s\u0131v\u0131 i\u00e7ine konulan her \u015feyin yukar\u0131 do\u011fru itildi\u011fini ve bu itme kuvvetinin yer de\u011fi\u015ftiren yani ta\u015fan s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na e\u015fit oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n
AR\u015e\u0130MED PRENS\u0130B\u0130
\n Tamam\u0131 veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131 bir ak\u0131\u015fkan\u0131n (s\u0131v\u0131 veya gaz) i\u00e7ine bat\u0131r\u0131lan cisimlere, yukar\u0131 do\u011fru, y\u00f6nlenmi\u015f bir kald\u0131rma kuvveti etki eder. Bu kuvvet, cismin ak\u0131\u015fkana batmas\u0131yla yer de\u011fi\u015ftiren ak\u0131\u015fkan\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na e\u015fittir. Yer de\u011fi\u015ftiren ak\u0131\u015fkan\u0131n hacmi, cismin batan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n hacmine e\u015fittir. O halde hacmi [V] olan bir cisim, \u00f6zg\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (g) olan bir s\u0131v\u0131ya tamamen batm\u0131\u015f vaziyette ise, bu cisme etki eden kald\u0131rma kuvveti = F=V.g olur. K\u0131saca bir s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n, bir cisme uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kald\u0131rma kuvveti cismin ta\u015f\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na e\u015fit oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in cisim; batan hacmi kadar s\u0131v\u0131 hacmi ta\u015f\u0131raca\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki grafik ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Cisim a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 [G] s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131rma kuvvetinden b\u00fcy\u00fck ise cisim batar. Bu durumda cismin \u00f6zg\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (g\u2019) s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.
\n G G> F, g\u2019>g
\n Cismin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131rma kuvvetine e\u015fit ise, cisim s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde her yerde dengede \u00f6zg\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na e\u015fittir.
\n G=F , g\u2019=g
\n \u00d6zg\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan cisimler ise bir k\u0131sm\u0131 batm\u0131\u015f vaziyette y\u00fczerler.
\n Batan k\u0131sm\u0131n hacmi (V8) ile g\u00f6sterilse F = VB g olur.
\n Y\u00fczen cisimler denge halinde olduklar\u0131ndan F=G \u2018 dir. F=G ,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ar\u015fimet taraf\u0131ndan farkedilen ve ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen bir ilkeyle, suyun kald\u0131rma kuvveti a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Su kendi yo\u011funlu\u011fundan da az yo\u011funlu\u011fa sahip olan cisimleri, y\u00fczeyine do\u011fru itmektedir. Yo\u011funluk farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131ndan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan itme kuvveti etkisiyle cisim y\u00fczmeye ba\u015flar. Burada her ne kadar gemi ve deniz m\u00fchendisli\u011finin alan\u0131na girdi\u011finden, \u00f6rnek su olarak al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fsa da bu ilke s\u0131v\u0131lar i\u00e7in genel …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[3388,3387,3386,3389],"class_list":["post-1144","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-archimadas","tag-arsimet-prensibi","tag-sivilarin-kaldirma-kuvveti","tag-yunanistan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1144","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1144"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1144\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1144"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1144"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1144"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}