Akarsu Ak\u0131m Grafi\u011finden Akarsuyun Ta\u015fk\u0131n Yap\u0131p Yapmayaca\u011f\u0131 Anla\u015f\u0131labilir mi?<\/p>\n
lAkarsu ak\u0131m grafi\u011fi, akarsuyun aylara g\u00f6re ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 su miktar\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. Akarsular\u0131n kabar\u0131k devrelerinde sular\u0131n yataktan ta\u015fmas\u0131, \u00e7evreye yay\u0131lmas\u0131 “ta\u015fk\u0131n” olarak ifade edilir. Ta\u015fk\u0131n olaylar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funlukla yatak e\u011fiminin az oldu\u011fu d\u00fczl\u00fck alanlar ve ovalarda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Akarsu ak\u0131m\u0131nda ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131, ya\u011f\u0131\u015f \u015fekli ve kar erimeleri gibi iklim \u00f6zellikleri temel etkendir. Bu etkenler ak\u0131m miktar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckselmesine yol a\u00e7sa bile ak\u0131m grafi\u011finden bunu anlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc akarsuyun ta\u015fk\u0131n yapmas\u0131nda yatak e\u011fimi ve akt\u0131\u011f\u0131 vadinin \u00f6zelli\u011fide belirleyicidir. Bu nedenle yaln\u0131zca ak\u0131m grafi\u011fine bak\u0131larak akarsuyun ta\u015fk\u0131n yap\u0131p yapm\u0131yca\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lamaz. <\/p>\n
Akarsular\u0131n Hidroelektrik Potansiyeli Yer\u015fekillerine mi, Y\u00fckseltiye mi Ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiyede hidroelektrik potansiyeli en y\u00fcksek olan b\u00f6lge Do\u011fu Anadolu’dur. Bunda hem y\u00fckseltinin fazla olmas\u0131, hem de yer \u015fekillerinin engebeli olmas\u0131 etkili olmu\u015ftur. Hidroelektrik potansiyeli en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck b\u00f6lge ise Marmara’d\u0131r. Her ne kadar baz\u0131 kaynaklarda bunun nedeni olarak yer \u015fekillerinin sade olmas\u0131 g\u00f6sterilse de temel neden ortalama y\u00fckseltinin az olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, yer \u015fekillerinin sadeli\u011fi temel etken olsayd\u0131 hidroelektrik potansiyeli en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan b\u00f6lgenin G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu olmas\u0131 gerekirdi. Zira yer \u015fekilleri en sade olan b\u00f6lge Marmara de\u011fil, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu’dur. Bundan dolay\u0131d\u0131r ki G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu’da yer \u015fekilleri sade olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n Atat\u00fcrk, D\u0130cle, Kralk\u0131z\u0131, Devege\u00e7idi, Il\u0131su gibi hidroelektrik santralleri kurulmu\u015ftur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bir b\u00f6lgenin hidroelektrik potansiyeli \u00fczerinde hem yer \u015fekilleri hem de y\u00fckselti etkilidir. <\/p>\n
Bak\u0131 Etkisinin \u201cYer \u015fekillerinin Etkisi\u201d \u015eeklinde \u0130fade Edilmesi Do\u011fru mudur?<\/p>\n
Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde s\u0131cakl\u0131k da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen fakt\u00f6rler incelenirken baz\u0131 kaynaklarda g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen fakt\u00f6rler aras\u0131nda yer alan \u201cbak\u0131 fakt\u00f6r\u00fc etkisinin\u201d \u201cyery\u00fcz\u00fc \u015fekillerinin etkisi\u201d diye belirtilmesi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bak\u0131 fakt\u00f6r\u00fcnde da\u011flar ve e\u011fimli y\u00fczeylerin g\u00fcne\u015fe d\u00f6n\u00fck yama\u00e7lar\u0131 gerek g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 daha b\u00fcy\u00fck a\u00e7\u0131yla almalar\u0131, gerekse daha uzun s\u00fcre g\u00fcne\u015flenmeleri nedeniyle daha fazla \u0131s\u0131n\u0131r. Bu durumun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda y\u00fczeyin da\u011f, vadi, s\u0131rt, tepe, plato olmas\u0131ndan ziyade g\u00fcne\u015fe olmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. Zira ayn\u0131 yer \u015fekillerinin, \u00f6rne\u011fin da\u011flar\u0131n Kuzey Yar\u0131mk\u00fcre de g\u00fcneye d\u00f6n\u00fck yama\u00e7lar\u0131, G\u00fcney Yar\u0131mk\u00fcrede ise kuzeye d\u00f6n\u00fck yama\u00e7lar\u0131 genelde daha \u00e7ok \u0131s\u0131n\u0131r. Bu durumun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda; yer \u015fekillerinin farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle yama\u00e7lar\u0131n g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 farkl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131yla almalar\u0131 de\u011fil, g\u00fcne\u015fe d\u00f6n\u00fck olmalar\u0131 nedeniyle g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 daha b\u00fcy\u00fck a\u00e7\u0131yla almalar\u0131 ve daha uzun s\u00fcreyle g\u00fcne\u015flenmeleri etkili olmu\u015ftur. Bu nedenle bak\u0131 etkisinin yer \u015fekillerinin farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 diye belirtilmesi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Bir B\u00f6lgede Ormanlar\u0131n Geni\u015f Yer Kaplamas\u0131 Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 Artt\u0131r m\u0131?<\/p>\n
Ormanlar\u0131n geni\u015f yer kaplamas\u0131 terleme yoluyla atmosfere verilen su buhar\u0131 miktar\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131r. Ancak bunun bir b\u00f6lgedeki ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok fazla etkili oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez. \u015eayet orman varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n zengin olmas\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 artt\u0131rsayd\u0131, ormanlar\u0131n kesildi\u011fi b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n azalmas\u0131, a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131rma yap\u0131lan b\u00f6lgelerde ise ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n artmas\u0131 gerekirdi. Oysa b\u00f6yle bir durum s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. Bu nedenle bir b\u00f6lgede ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n fazla olmas\u0131 ormanlar\u0131n geni\u015f yer kaplamas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. Ancak bir b\u00f6lgede ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n fazla olmas\u0131nda orman \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir fakt\u00f6r olamaz..<\/p>\n
Bir B\u00f6lgedeki Toprak T\u00fcr\u00fc Tar\u0131m \u00dcr\u00fcnlerinin \u00c7e\u015fidini Belirler mi?<\/p>\n
Acaba toprak yap\u0131s\u0131 veya t\u00fcr\u00fc ayn\u0131 olan y\u00f6relerde yeti\u015ftirilen tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin t\u00fcr\u00fc ayn\u0131 m\u0131d\u0131r? \u00d6rne\u011fin; Nil deltas\u0131nda yeti\u015ftirilen tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ile \u0130ndus, Ganj ve \u00c7ukurova deltalar\u0131nda yeti\u015ftirilen tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ayn\u0131 m\u0131d\u0131r? T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Akdeniz B\u00f6lgesinde yer alan \u00c7ukurova ile Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndaki Bafra ve \u00c7ar\u015famba delta ovalar\u0131n\u0131n toprak t\u00fcrleri ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Zira bu ovalar akarsular\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131p biriktirdikleri al\u00fcvyonlardan olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Ancak \u00c7ukurova\u2019da yeti\u015ftirilen pamuk, zeytin, turun\u00e7gil, yerf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131, susam gibi tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri Bafra ve \u00c7ar\u015famba ovalar\u0131nda yeti\u015fmez. \u00c7ar\u015famba ve Bafra ovalar\u0131nda pirin\u00e7, m\u0131s\u0131r, t\u00fct\u00fcn gibi tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri yeti\u015ftirilir. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi verilen ovalar\u0131n toprak t\u00fcrleri benzer olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, yeti\u015ftirilen tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri farkl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir b\u00f6lgede yeti\u015ftirilen tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin t\u00fcr\u00fc ve da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen \u201ctoprak t\u00fcr\u00fc\u201d de\u011fil \u201ciklim \u00f6zellikleridir.\u201d <\/p>\n
Bir Merkezde Gece Ve G\u00fcnd\u00fcz S\u00fcresinin De\u011fi\u015fmesi \u0130le D\u00f6rt Mevsimin Belirgin Olarak Ya\u015fanmas\u0131 Enleme Ba\u011fl\u0131 Olarak Ortaya \u00c7\u0131kan Bir Sonu\u00e7 mudur?<\/p>\n
Bir merkezin enlem derecesi de\u011fi\u015fmeyece\u011fine g\u00f6re, o merkezde ki gece-g\u00fcnd\u00fcz s\u00fcresi de\u011fi\u015fimi ile d\u00f6rt mevsimin belirgin olarak ya\u015fanmas\u0131, enleme ba\u011fl\u0131 bir sonu\u00e7 olamaz. Bu olgular\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda d\u00fcnya ekseninin 23\u00b027\u00af e\u011fik olmas\u0131 temel etkendir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla gece-g\u00fcnd\u00fcz s\u00fcresi de\u011fi\u015fimi ile d\u00f6rt mevsimin ya\u015fanmas\u0131 enleme ba\u011fl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar olmay\u0131p, enleme g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fen \u00f6zelliklerdir.<\/p>\n
Bir \u00dclkede \u0130klim \u00c7e\u015fitlili\u011finin Fazla Olmas\u0131n\u0131n Temel Nedeni, Orta Ku\u015fakta Yer Almas\u0131 m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n
Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde de\u011fi\u015fik iklim tiplerinin g\u00f6r\u00fclmesinde en \u00f6nemli etmen, enlem fark\u0131n\u0131n fazla olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bir \u00fclkede iklim \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011finin fazla olmas\u0131, enlem fark\u0131n\u0131n fazla olmas\u0131yla do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Ya da yer \u015fekillerinin \u00e7e\u015fitlilik g\u00f6stermesine ba\u011fl\u0131 bir sonu\u00e7tur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, yer \u015fekilleri \u00e7e\u015fitlilik g\u00f6steriyorsa; s\u0131cakl\u0131k, ya\u011f\u0131\u015f, nem ve r\u00fczgar gibi iklim elemanlar\u0131 k\u0131sa mesafelerde de\u011fi\u015fir ve iklimde \u00e7e\u015fitlilik yarat\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca denize g\u00f6re konum da iklimi \u00e7e\u015fitlendirebilir.\u00d6rne\u011fin T\u00fcrkiye’de 6\u00b0’lik enlem fark\u0131na ra\u011fmen iklim \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011finin fazla olmas\u0131 daha \u00e7ok \u00f6zel konumuna ba\u011fl\u0131 bir sonu\u00e7tur. Oysa d\u00f6rt mevsimin belirgin olarak ya\u015fanmas\u0131 ;sadece y\u0131l i\u00e7inde s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7abilir, bir b\u00f6lgedeki iklimin \u00e7e\u015fitlenmesine yol a\u00e7maz.<\/p>\n
Co\u011frafyan\u0131n Millisi Olur mu ?<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerinde hava k\u00fctlesi neme doydu\u011funda, ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ba\u015flar. Akarsular e\u011fimin fazla oldu\u011fu yerlerde h\u0131zl\u0131 akarken, e\u011fimin az oldu\u011fu yerlerde yava\u015f akar. Denizler karalara oranla yava\u015f \u0131s\u0131n\u0131p; yava\u015f so\u011fur. \u0130ki b\u00f6lge aras\u0131nda bas\u0131n\u00e7 fark\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015fsa, r\u00fczgar eser. Ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k iki meridyen aras\u0131 zaman fark\u0131 4 dakikad\u0131r. Bir g\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u00fcresi 24 saattir.Y\u00fckseklere \u00e7\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a s\u0131cakl\u0131k azal\u0131r. Depremlerin olu\u015fum nedeni ayn\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte; bu nedenlerden dolay\u0131, co\u011frafyan\u0131n millisi olamaz ve olmamal\u0131d\u0131r da.<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00f6llerde Ya\u015fam\u0131 Zorla\u015ft\u0131ran Temel Etken S\u0131cakl\u0131k m\u0131d\u0131r, Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00f6llerde, \u00f6zellikle de d\u00f6nence \u00e7\u00f6llerinde g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek, y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 ise y\u00fcksektir. Ayr\u0131ca \u00e7\u00f6llerde geni\u015f yer kaplayan kumlar ve do\u011fal bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn c\u0131l\u0131z olmas\u0131 nedeniyle g\u00fcnd\u00fczleri \u0131s\u0131 birikimi de olduk\u00e7a fazlad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla g\u00fcnd\u00fczleri \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek olan s\u0131cakl\u0131klar ya\u015fam\u0131 elbette zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Ancak \u00e7\u00f6llerde ya\u015fam\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131ran as\u0131l etken; ya\u011f\u0131\u015f azl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Ve \u00e7\u00f6l denilince akla, genellikle ya\u011f\u0131\u015f de\u011ferleri \u00e7ok az, ya\u011f\u0131\u015f da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ok d\u00fczensiz olan b\u00f6lgeler gelir. \u015eiddetli kurakl\u0131k ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015f azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle \u00e7\u00f6llerde do\u011fal bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc ya \u00e7ok c\u0131l\u0131z ya da hi\u00e7 yoktur. Su kaynaklar\u0131 \u00e7ok k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle bitkilerle beslenen hayvan ekosistemi ile bitki ve hayvanlarla beslenen insan ekosistemi olduk\u00e7a zay\u0131ft\u0131r. Zira ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ve su azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekonomik faaliyetleri zorla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Geni\u015f alan kaplayan kumullar ile kum f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131 nedeniyle ula\u015f\u0131m da olduk\u00e7a zordur. Bu nedenle \u00e7\u00f6llerde hem ya\u011f\u0131\u015f azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hem de y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k ya\u015fam\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak ya\u011f\u0131\u015f azl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131 daha fazla zorla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. <\/p>\n
Da\u011flar Denize mi, Yoksa K\u0131y\u0131ya m\u0131 Dik veya Paralel Uzan\u0131r?<\/p>\n
Denizlerin bir uzan\u0131\u015f y\u00f6n\u00fc olamaz.Bu nedenle da\u011flar\u0131n denizlere dik veya paralel uzanmas\u0131 da s\u00f6z konusu olamaz. Do\u011frusu, da\u011flar\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131ya veya k\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7izgisine dik ya da paralel uzanmas\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Do\u011fu Karadeniz K\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda \u00c7ay\u0131n Yeti\u015fmesinin Temel Nedeni Nedir?<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00e7ay\u0131n yeti\u015fme alan\u0131 Do\u011fu Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu demektir ki \u00e7ay T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131na \u00e7ok iyi uyum sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f bir tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fildir. Baz\u0131 kaynaklarda Do\u011fu Karadeniz K\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda \u00e7ay\u0131n yeti\u015fme nedeni olarak \u201c y\u00f6renin her mevsim ya\u011f\u0131\u015f almas\u0131 \u201d g\u00f6sterilmektedir. Ancak unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r ki \u00e7ay\u0131n anavatan\u0131 Asya K\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n \u201c muson iklim b\u00f6lgeleri\u201ddir. \u00c7ay\u0131n yeti\u015fti\u011fi muson iklim b\u00f6lgelerinde ise; yazlar s\u0131cak ve bol ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131, k\u0131\u015flar ise kurak ge\u00e7er. Yani ya\u011f\u0131\u015f rejimi d\u00fczensizdir. Buna ra\u011fmen \u00e7ay\u0131n en \u00e7ok yeti\u015fti\u011fi b\u00f6lge Musonlar Asya\u2019s\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eayet, Do\u011fu Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda \u00e7ay tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131labilmesinin nedeni ya\u011f\u0131\u015f rejiminin d\u00fczenli olmas\u0131 olsayd\u0131 o zaman her mevsimin ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 ge\u00e7ti\u011fi Ekvatoral b\u00f6lgede \u00e7ay tar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n daha yayg\u0131n olmas\u0131 beklenmez miydi? \u0130\u015fte bu nedenledir ki Do\u011fu Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda \u00e7ay tar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131labilmesinin temel nedeni ya\u011f\u0131\u015f rejiminin d\u00fczenli olmas\u0131 de\u011fil, ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131n\u0131n bol, s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve nem ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n uygun olmas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n
D\u00fcnyan\u0131n Geoit Olmas\u0131 \u0130le K\u00fcresel Olmas\u0131n\u0131n Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 Ayn\u0131 m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n
Geoit d\u00fcnyan\u0131n kutuplardan bas\u0131k Ekvatordan \u015fi\u015fkin \u015feklini ifade eder.D\u00fcnyan\u0131n Ekvatorda h\u0131zl\u0131, kutuplarda yava\u015f d\u00f6nmesi bu kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc \u015feklin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n bu \u00f6zelli\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kutuplar yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 ekvator yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131ndan k\u0131sad\u0131r. Kutuplardaki yer\u00e7ekimi ekvatordakinden fazlad\u0131r. Ancak, g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kutuplara do\u011fru k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmesi ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n azalmas\u0131, meridyen yaylar\u0131n\u0131n kutup noktalar\u0131nda birle\u015fmesi, haritalar\u0131n hatal\u0131 bir \u015fekilde d\u00fczleme aktar\u0131lmas\u0131, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7izgisel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n kutuplara do\u011fru azalmas\u0131 ve iklim ku\u015faklar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 gibi sonu\u00e7lar k\u00fcreselli\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
End\u00fcstri Bitkilerinin S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131!…<\/p>\n
End\u00fcstri bitkilerinin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda kapsam \u00e7o\u011funlukla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 tutuluyor…T\u00fcrk dil kurumu s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u201csanayi: hammaddeleri i\u015flemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6ntemlerin t\u00fcm\u00fc ve ara\u00e7lar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc diye tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r.\u201d Bir\u00e7ok kaynakta end\u00fcstri bitkisi olarak de\u011ferlendirilen pamuk, \u015fekerpancar\u0131, t\u00fct\u00fcn, \u00e7ay, ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi, zeytin, keten, kenevir, ha\u015fha\u015f, anason, g\u00fcl gibi tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri genelde sanayide i\u015flendikten sonra kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.Ancak \u015fu da bir ger\u00e7ektir ki g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde pek\u00e7ok tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc sanayinin de\u011fi\u015fik dallar\u0131nda hammadde olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bunlar da end\u00fcstri bitkisi olarak kabul edilemez mi? \u00d6rne\u011fin; soya, f\u0131nd\u0131k, m\u0131s\u0131r bitkisel ya\u011f \u00fcretiminde, \u00fcz\u00fcm rak\u0131 ve \u015farap \u00fcretiminde, arpa ve \u015ferbet\u00e7iotu bira \u00fcretiminde, bir\u00e7ok bitki ila\u00e7, kozmetik ve \u015fampuan \u00fcretiminde, bu\u011fday bisk\u00fcvi ve makarna \u00fcretiminde, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da sanayideki y\u00f6ntemlerle i\u015flenerek t\u00fcketime sunulmaktad\u0131r.Bu nedenle baz\u0131 tah\u0131l t\u00fcrleri, meyve ve sebzeler ile ya\u011f bitkileri de end\u00fcstri bitkisi olarak de\u011ferlendirilemez mi?…<\/p>\n
Fiziki Haritalarda Farkl\u0131 Renk Tonlar\u0131 Yer\u015fekillerini mi, Y\u00fckseltiyi mi G\u00f6sterir?<\/p>\n
Pek \u00e7ok kaynakta fiziki haritalarda renklerin yer \u015fekillerini g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi belirtilmekte ve ye\u015fil renk tonlar\u0131n\u0131n ovalar\u0131, kahve renk tonlar\u0131n\u0131n ise da\u011flar\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi ifade edilmektedir. Bu kesinlikle yanl\u0131\u015f bir bilgidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, fiziki haritalarda renkler y\u00fckselti ve derinlik basamaklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Aksi takdirde, ayn\u0131 yer \u015fekli olan ovalar\u0131m\u0131zdan, \u00c7ukurova ( ye\u015fil ), Konya ( sar\u0131 ), Erzurum ( kahve ) renk tonu ile g\u00f6sterilebilir mi? Bu ovalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n deniz seviyesinden y\u00fckseltileri farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan, fiziki haritalarda g\u00f6sterildikleri renk tonlar\u0131 da farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Fiziki haritalarda ye\u015fil renk 0-500 metre aras\u0131 y\u00fckseltileri, sar\u0131 renk 500-1000 metre aras\u0131 y\u00fckseltileri, kahve rengi ise 1000 metreden fazla olan y\u00fckseltileri g\u00f6sterir. Mavi ve tonlar\u0131 ise derinlikleri g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcn ile G\u00fcnd\u00fcz E\u015f Anlaml\u0131 m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n
G\u00fcn, 24 saatlik zaman dilimini ifade eder ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerinde bir g\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u00fcresi 24 saattir. Oysa g\u00fcnd\u00fcz 24 saatlik zaman\u0131n sadece bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc, yani g\u00fcne\u015fin do\u011fu\u015fu ile bat\u0131\u015f\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki s\u00fcreyi ifade eder. Bu nedenle g\u00fcnd\u00fcz yerine g\u00fcn ifadesinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 do\u011fru de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcne\u015flenme S\u00fcresi Akdeniz B\u00f6lgesinde mi, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesinde mi Fazlad\u0131r?
\n Bir b\u00f6lgedeki g\u00fcne\u015flenme s\u00fcresi iki etkene ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r; g\u00fcnd\u00fcz s\u00fcresi uzunlu\u011fu ile ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n fazla ya da az olmas\u0131na, yani bulutlu g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de g\u00fcne\u015flenme s\u00fcresi denince nedense \u00e7o\u011fu ki\u015finin akl\u0131na genelde Akdeniz B\u00f6lgesi gelir. San\u0131r\u0131m bu b\u00f6lgenin k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda k\u0131y\u0131 turizmi sezonunun uzun olmas\u0131 ve yaz mevsiminde yo\u011fun bir turist ak\u0131n\u0131na sahne olmas\u0131 b\u00f6yle bir yan\u0131lg\u0131ya yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de g\u00fcne\u015flenme s\u00fcresinin en uzun oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lge y\u0131lda yakla\u015f\u0131k 3200 saat ile G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Akdeniz ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgelerinin g\u00fcnd\u00fcz s\u00fcresi uzunluklar\u0131 enlemlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu karasall\u0131k nedeniyle daha az ya\u011f\u0131\u015f al\u0131r ve g\u00fcne\u015fli g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131 daha fazla ya\u011f\u0131\u015f alan Akdeniz B\u00f6lgesine oranla fazlad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Her Yayla Plato mudur?
\n Yayla terimi \u00e7o\u011fu kez plato ile e\u015f anlaml\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ancak her iki kavram ayn\u0131 \u015feyi ifade etmez. Plato; akarsular\u0131n derine do\u011fru yard\u0131\u011f\u0131, y\u00fcksek d\u00fczl\u00fckleri ifade eden bir yer \u015fekli terimidir. Oysa; yayla, insanlar\u0131n yaz mevsiminde hayvanlar\u0131 otlatmak \u00fczere ge\u00e7ici olarak konaklad\u0131klar\u0131 ot bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengin, serin y\u00fcksek yerleri ifade eden, bir ge\u00e7ici yerle\u015fme yeridir. Ve yaylalar da akarsular taraf\u0131ndan derine do\u011fru yar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f geni\u015f d\u00fczl\u00fck olma \u00f6zelli\u011fi olmayabilir. Bu nedenle, platolar yayla olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilir, ancak her yayla plato olarak de\u011ferlendirilemez. <\/p>\n
Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesinin En Geli\u015fmi\u015f Liman\u0131 Sinop mudur?
\n Denizin i\u00e7eriye do\u011fru girinti yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 korunakl\u0131 k\u00f6rfez ve koylar do\u011fal liman olarak nitelendirilir.Zira yer\u015fekillerinin konumu nedeniyle \u015fiddetli r\u00fczgar ve f\u0131rt\u0131nalar bu t\u00fcr yerlerde fazla etkili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan; buralar gemilerin yana\u015f\u0131p y\u00fckleme ve bo\u015faltma yapmal\u0131r\u0131na uygundur. Bu \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahip limanlar “do\u011fal liman” olarak nitelendirilir. \u0130\u015fte Sinop \u015fehri Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesinde bu \u00f6zelli\u011fe tek do\u011fal limand\u0131r. Ancak yak\u0131n \u00e7evresinde da\u011flar k\u0131y\u0131ya yak\u0131n ve parelel uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan; yani yer\u015fekilleri engebeli oldu\u011fundan, i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlarla kara ve demiryolu ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 geli\u015fmemi\u015ftir.Yani hinterland\u0131 dard\u0131r. Bu nedenle Sinop, b\u00f6lgedeki tek do\u011fal liman olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, b\u00f6lgenin en geli\u015fmi\u015f liman\u0131 de\u011fildir.Demek ki bir liman\u0131n geli\u015fmesinde hinterland\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015f olmas\u0131; yani i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelerle kara ve demiryolu ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kolay olmas\u0131 daha \u00f6nemli bir etkendir.Bu nedenle Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesinin en geli\u015fmi\u015f liman\u0131 Sinop de\u011fil Samsun’dur.<\/p>\n
Kurak Hava Olur mu?
\n Kurakl\u0131k, ya\u011f\u0131\u015f azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak toprakta meydana gelen su kayb\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmektedir. Bu nedenle;kurakl\u0131k ifadesi hava i\u00e7in de\u011fil de, yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki arazi i\u00e7in ifade edilen bir kavramd\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla do\u011frusu kuru hava olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kurakl\u0131k m\u0131 S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Art\u0131r\u0131r, S\u0131cakl\u0131k m\u0131 Kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Art\u0131r\u0131r?
\nKurakl\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f azl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7ok topraktaki su kayb\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden bir terimdir. \u00d6rne\u011fin T\u00fcrkiye’de en az ya\u011f\u0131\u015f alan b\u00f6lge \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu oldu\u011fu halde, en kurak b\u00f6lge G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu’dur. G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu, \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu B\u00f6lgesinden fazla ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde, yaz mevsiminin daha s\u0131cak ge\u00e7mesi nedeniyle buharla\u015fma, yani topraktaki su kayb\u0131 daha fazlad\u0131r. Bu nedenle en kurak b\u00f6lgedir. Bu b\u00f6lgenin yaz mevsiminde \u00e7ok s\u0131cak olmas\u0131 buharla\u015fmaya ba\u011fl\u0131 bir sonu\u00e7 de\u011fildir.Aksine yaz mevsimi \u00e7ok s\u0131cak ge\u00e7ti\u011fi i\u00e7in buharla\u015fma fazlad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Matematik \u0130klim Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ile Matematik S\u0131cakl\u0131k Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Ayn\u0131 \u015eey midir?
\n \u0130klim denince ;sadece s\u0131cakl\u0131k anla\u015f\u0131lamaz. Bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve r\u00fczgar, nem ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015f da iklim elemanlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndad\u0131rlar. Bu nedenle iklim ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 denildi\u011finde, yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fclen farkl\u0131 iklim tipleri anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak pek \u00e7ok kaynakta matematik iklim ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ifadesi ile matematik s\u0131cakl\u0131k ku\u015faklar\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmektedir. Matematik s\u0131cakl\u0131k ku\u015faklar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fumunda;d\u00fcnyan\u0131n eksen e\u011fikli\u011fi esas al\u0131narak 0\u00b0-23\u00b027\u00af aras\u0131 s\u0131cak ku\u015fak, 23\u00b027\u00af- 66\u00b033\u00afenlemleri aras\u0131 \u0131l\u0131man ku\u015fak, 66\u00b033\u00af- 90\u00b0 enlemleri aras\u0131 so\u011fuk ku\u015fak olarak ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla matematik s\u0131cakl\u0131k ku\u015faklar\u0131n\u0131n matematik iklim ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 olarak ifade edilmesi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Mevsimlere G\u00f6re S\u0131cakl\u0131k ifadesi!
\n K\u0131\u015f mevsiminde; s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011ferlerinin 0 \u00b0C\u2019nin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00fcnler so\u011fuk, 0 \u00b0C\u2019nin \u00fcst\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu g\u00fcnler ise \u0131l\u0131k kabul edilir. Yaz mevsiminde ise; s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011ferlerinin 20 \u00b0C\u2019nin \u00fczerinde oldu\u011fu g\u00fcnler s\u0131cak, 20 \u00b0C\u2019nin alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu g\u00fcnler ise serin olarak kabul edilir. Bu nedenle yaz mevsimi i\u00e7in \u0131l\u0131k ve so\u011fuk, k\u0131\u015f mevsimi i\u00e7in serin ve s\u0131cak ifadelerinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u201cAkdeniz B\u00f6lgesinde k\u0131\u015f mevsimi s\u0131cak ge\u00e7er\u201d ifadesi yanl\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde \u201cDo\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesinde yaz mevsimi so\u011fuk ge\u00e7er\u201d ifadesi de yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bu nedenle so\u011fuk ve \u0131l\u0131k ifadeleri k\u0131\u015f mevsimi s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in, s\u0131cak ve serin ifadeleri ise yaz mevsimi s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Tarih De\u011fi\u015ftirme \u00c7izgisi \u0130le \u0130lgili \u0130fadeler!…
\n Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 meridyeni ile 180 do\u011fu meridyeni aras\u0131nda 12 saat, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 meridyeni ile 180 bat\u0131 meridyeni aras\u0131nda da 12 saatlik zaman fark\u0131 vard\u0131r.Bu nedenle 180 meridyeninin do\u011fusu ile bat\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan iki nokta aras\u0131nda ( 12 saat + 12 saat ) tam 24 saatlik, yani bir g\u00fcnl\u00fck zaman fark\u0131 vard\u0131r.Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla 180 meridyeninin her iki taraf\u0131nda ayn\u0131 anda farkl\u0131 tarihler ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r.Bu nedenle 180 meridyeni tarih de\u011fi\u015ftirme \u00e7izgisi olarak nitelendirilir ve bu \u00e7izgi a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tarih de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130ngiltere\u2019den ge\u00e7en 0 meridyeninden ( ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 meridyeni ) 180 do\u011fuya do\u011fru olan yar\u0131mk\u00fcreye Do\u011fu Yar\u0131mk\u00fcre, 0 meridyeninden 180 bat\u0131ya do\u011fru olan yar\u0131mk\u00fcreye ise Bat\u0131 Yar\u0131mk\u00fcre denir.Tarih de\u011fi\u015ftirme \u00e7izgisi Bat\u0131 Yar\u0131mk\u00fcreden Do\u011fu Yar\u0131mk\u00fcreye ( Amerika\u2019dan Asya\u2019ya ) do\u011fru a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tarih bir g\u00fcn ileri al\u0131n\u0131r.Tarih de\u011fi\u015ftirme \u00e7izgisi Do\u011fu Yar\u0131mk\u00fcreden Bat\u0131 Yar\u0131mk\u00fcreye ( Asya\u2019dan Amerika\u2019ya ) do\u011fru a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise tarih bir g\u00fcn geri al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r ki Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 Yar\u0131mk\u00fcre kavramlar\u0131 ile do\u011fuya do\u011fru, bat\u0131ya do\u011fru ifadeleri farkl\u0131 \u015feylerdir.Bu nedenle, \u201ctarih de\u011fi\u015ftirme \u00e7izgisi bat\u0131dan do\u011fuya do\u011fru a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tarih bir g\u00fcn ileri, tarih de\u011fi\u015ftirme \u00e7izgisi do\u011fudan bat\u0131ya do\u011fru a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tarih bir g\u00fcn geri al\u0131n\u0131r\u201d ifadesi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de N\u00fcfus Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n D\u00fczensiz Olmas\u0131n\u0131n Nedeni?
\nBir\u00e7ok kaynakta T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de n\u00fcfus da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n nedeni olarak i\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7ler olarak g\u00f6sterilmektedir. Elbette T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de n\u00fcfus da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczensiz olmas\u0131nda i\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7lerin etkisi vard\u0131r. Bu durum Marmara ve Ege b\u00f6lgelerinde \u00f6zellikle belirgindir. Zira sanayi tesislerinin buralarda y\u0131\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015f imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rm\u0131\u015f; bu da buralar\u0131n i\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7lerin \u00e7ekim merkezi olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Benzeri durum sanayinin geli\u015fti\u011fi di\u011fer kentlerimiz i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir; Adana, Mersin, Ankara gibi\u2026 Ancak, sanayile\u015fmeye ba\u011fl\u0131 bu i\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7ler olmasayd\u0131; acaba T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki n\u00fcfus da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m d\u00fczenli olur muydu? Hay\u0131r, d\u00fczenli olmazd\u0131. N\u00fcfusumuz \u015fimdikinden az olsa veya i\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7ler ya\u015fanmasa bile n\u00fcfus da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 gene d\u00fczensiz olurdu. Zira n\u00fcfus da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda y\u00fczey \u015fekilleri, iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131, su kaynaklar\u0131, toprak verimlili\u011fi, ula\u015f\u0131m olanaklar\u0131 gibi bir\u00e7ok etmen belirleyicidir. Yani, i\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7ler ya\u015fanmasa veya n\u00fcfusumuz \u015fimdikinden daha az olsa bile, iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n elveri\u015fli oldu\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131 kesimleri ile y\u00fczey \u015fekillerinin daha uygun oldu\u011fu y\u00f6reler daha yo\u011fun olurdu. <\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin R\u00fczgar G\u00fcl\u00fcnde, R\u00fczgar Esme Y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn G\u00f6sterilmesi!…
\n R\u00fczgar\u0131n esme y\u00f6n\u00fc,r\u00fczgar\u0131n esti\u011fi merkeze,ya da r\u00fczgar\u0131n esme y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc belirleyecek ki\u015fiye g\u00f6re olmal\u0131d\u0131r.B\u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcp \u00e7izilmeyen T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin r\u00fczgar g\u00fcl\u00fcnde yanl\u0131\u015f alg\u0131lanabilecek sonu\u00e7lar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle,T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin r\u00fczgar g\u00fcl\u00fcnde, r\u00fczgar esme y\u00f6nlerinin merkezden \u00e7evreye do\u011fru verilmesi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki r\u00fczgarlar\u0131n yukar\u0131daki gibi isimlendirilmesi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de r\u00fczgarlar\u0131n isimlendirilmesi \u201cesmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerin bulunulan yere g\u00f6re konumu\u201d g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131narak yap\u0131l\u0131r..Bu nedenle bulunulan yere kuzeybat\u0131dan esen r\u00fczgara karayel, g\u00fcneybat\u0131dan esen r\u00fczgara ise lodos denir. Oysa yukar\u0131daki \u015fekilde g\u00fcneydo\u011fudan esen r\u00fczgara karayel, ( do\u011frusu ke\u015fi\u015fleme) kuzeydo\u011fudan esen r\u00fczgara ise lodos ( do\u011frusu poyraz ) denilmi\u015ftir ki bu kesinlikle yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n Bu nedenle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin r\u00fczgar g\u00fcl\u00fcnde, r\u00fczgar esme y\u00f6nlerinin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye’de Kahve Yeti\u015ftirilir mi?
\n T\u00fcrk kahvesi” deyimi d\u00fcnya literat\u00fcr\u00fcne ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir; ancak \u00fcnlenen kahve bitkisi de\u011fil, kahvenin yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f \u015feklidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye’de kahve bitkisi yeti\u015ftirilmez.Zira, T\u00fcrkiye’nin iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131 kahve \u00fcretimine uygun de\u011fildir. Peki “T\u00fcrk kahvesi” deyimi nereden gelmektedir? Bilindi\u011fi gibi Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6neminde Suudi Arabistan, Yemen, M\u0131s\u0131r gibi kahve yeti\u015ftirilen \u00fclkeler devletin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde bulunuyordu. \u0130\u015fte o d\u00f6nemde ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en yerlerden getirilen kahve \u00e7ekirdeklerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kahve yap\u0131m\u0131 giderek \u00fcn kazanm\u0131\u015f ve bu literat\u00fcre “T\u00fcrk Kahvesi” olarak ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Yani k\u0131sacas\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc olan kahve bitkisi de\u011fil, kahvenin yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f \u015feklidir<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye’deki \u0130klim \u00c7e\u015fitlili\u011finin Nedeni Orta Ku\u015fakta Yer Almas\u0131 Veya D\u00f6rt Mevsimin Ya\u015fanmas\u0131 m\u0131d\u0131r?
\nBir \u00fclke yada b\u00f6lgede iklim \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011finin iki nedeni olabilir. Ya \u00fclkede enlem fark\u0131 fazlad\u0131r; yani \u00fclke kuzey-g\u00fcney y\u00f6n\u00fcnde geni\u015f yer kapl\u0131yordur.Buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak iklim \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi fazlad\u0131r.\u015eili’ deki gibi. Ya da \u00fclkenin \u00f6zel konum ko\u015fullar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlilik g\u00f6steriyordur. T\u00fcrkiye’nin kuzeyi ile g\u00fcneyi aras\u0131ndaki enlem fark\u0131 ( 42\u00b0 – 36\u00b0 = 6\u00b0 ) iklimi \u00e7e\u015fitlendirecek kadar fazla de\u011fildir. Dolay\u0131syla iklim \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini tek ba\u015f\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131klayamaz.Orta ku\u015fakta yer alma, iklim \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fine yol a\u00e7sayd\u0131; Afganistan, Kazakistan, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan, \u0130svi\u00e7re, Macaristan, Avusturya gibi orta ku\u015fak \u00fclkelerinin t\u00fcm\u00fcnde iklim \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011finin fazla olmas\u0131 gerekirdi. T\u00fcrkiye’de iklimi \u00e7e\u015fitlendiren as\u0131l etken \u00f6zel konum ko\u015fullar\u0131d\u0131r.Yani T\u00fcrkiye’nin \u00fc\u00e7 yandan denizlerle \u00e7evrili olmas\u0131, kuzey ve g\u00fcney k\u0131y\u0131larda s\u0131rada\u011flar\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131ya parelel uzanmas\u0131, bat\u0131dan do\u011fuya gidildik\u00e7e y\u00fckseltinin artmas\u0131 ve y\u00fczey \u015fekillerinin k\u0131sa mesafelerde \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fmesi iklimi \u00e7e\u015fitlendiren temel etkendir.Elbette iklim \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011finde matematik konum da etkilidir, ancak \u00f6zel konum daha belirleyicidir.<\/p>\n
Yaz\u0131 Ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 Ge\u00e7en Muson \u00dckelerinde Bu\u011fday ve Pamuk Nas\u0131l Yeti\u015ftirilir!..
\n Bilindi\u011fi gibi Hindistan, Pakistan, Banglade\u015f gibi G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya \u00fclkelerinde muson iklimi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu iklimde yazlar ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131, k\u0131\u015flar kurak ge\u00e7er. Peki nas\u0131l oluyor da pamuk, bu\u011fday gibi yaz s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 isteyen tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri bu iklimde yeti\u015ftirilebilmektedir. Birincisi; Muson ikliminin g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu \u00fclkeler d\u00f6nencelere yak\u0131n oldu\u011fundan kurak ge\u00e7en k\u0131\u015f mevsiminin s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamalar\u0131 y\u00fcksek olup bu\u011fday ve pamuk gibi tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin yeti\u015fmesine uygundur. \u0130kincisi; geni\u015f alan kaplayan bu \u00fclkelerde karasal iklimin etkili oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgeler vard\u0131r. Ve bu tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri de karasal iklim b\u00f6lgelerinde yeti\u015ftirilebilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Yer\u00e7ekimi Kutuplara Gidildik\u00e7e D\u00fczenli Olarak Artar m\u0131?
\n D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n kutuplardan bas\u0131k ekvatordan \u015fi\u015fkin geoit \u015fekli nedeniyle yer \u00e7ekimi kutuplarda fazla ekvatorda azd\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu bas\u0131kl\u0131k nedeniyle kutup b\u00f6lgeleri yerin merkezine daha yak\u0131nd\u0131r. Ancak bir noktan\u0131n yer \u00e7ekimi sadece d\u00fcnya’n\u0131n geoit \u015fekliyle a\u00e7\u0131klanamaz. Zira y\u00fckseklere \u00e7\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a yer \u00e7ekimi azal\u0131r.Y\u00fckselti ve yer \u015feki lleri ile kara ve deniz da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 ekvatordan kutuplara do\u011fru d\u00fczenli bir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermedi\u011finden yer \u00e7ekimininde kutuplara gidildik\u00e7e d\u00fczenli azalmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olamaz. <\/p>\n
\u0130ngiltere\u2019de \u00c7ay Yeti\u015fir mi?
\n Bilindi\u011fi gibi, \u0130ngiliz patentli \u00e7ay markalar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a yayg\u0131nd\u0131r; Lipton, Sir Winston Tea gibi. Ayr\u0131ca, \u0130ngilizlerin be\u015f \u00e7ay\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca \u0130ngiltere\u2019de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Do\u011fu Karadeniz K\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndakine benzer \u201c Il\u0131man okyanus \u201c iklim \u00f6zellikleri g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden \u00e7o\u011fu insan \u0130ngiltere\u2019de \u00e7ay tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 san\u0131r. Oysa ger\u00e7ekte \u0130ngiltere\u2019de \u00e7ay tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmaz. Zira \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 enlemlerin s\u0131cakl\u0131k derecesi \u00e7ay\u0131n yeti\u015fmesine uygun de\u011fildir. Peki, \u00f6yleyse \u0130ngiliz \u00e7aylar\u0131 nas\u0131l d\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnlenmi\u015ftir? Bunun cevab\u0131; Hindistan, Seylan, Endonezya, Malezya, Singapur, Tayvan gibi \u00e7ay\u0131n anavatan\u0131 olan pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkenin bir zamanlar \u201c g\u00fcne\u015fin batmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 imparatorluk olarak bilinen \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin\u201d s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeleri olmas\u0131nda gizlidir. \u0130ngilizler bu d\u00f6nemde \u00e7ayla tan\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f; yap\u0131m\u0131 ve i\u015flenmesi konular\u0131nda iyice uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Misafirlerini be\u015f \u00e7ay\u0131 ile a\u011f\u0131rlamalar\u0131 da bu d\u00f6nemden kalma bir al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131kt\u0131r. \u0130ngiliz \u00e7aylar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcn\u00fc buradan gelmektedir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, \u0130ngilizlerin \u00e7ay i\u015fleme ve yap\u0131m teknikleri bir hayli geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. \u0130ngiltere \u00e7ay\u0131, \u00e7ay\u0131n yeti\u015fti\u011fi \u00fclkelerde i\u015fleyip paketleyerek satar. Ancak \u0130ngiltere\u2019de \u00e7ay yeti\u015fmez. <\/p>\n
Y\u00fcksek ve Al\u00e7ak Bas\u0131nc\u0131n 1013 Milibarl\u0131k ( 760 mm ) Bas\u0131n\u00e7 De\u011feri Esas Al\u0131narak De\u011ferlendirilmesi Do\u011fru mudur?
\n 45 kuzey enleminde,15 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta ve deniz seviyesinde 1013 milibara e\u015fit olan bas\u0131nc\u0131 normal kabul ederek;bu de\u011ferin \u00fczerindeki bas\u0131nca y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7, bu de\u011ferin alt\u0131ndaki bas\u0131nca al\u00e7ak bas\u0131n\u00e7 denilmesi do\u011fru bir yakla\u015f\u0131m de\u011fildir.\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc al\u00e7ak ve y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 kavramlar\u0131 ancak \u00e7evresindeki bas\u0131n\u00e7 de\u011ferleri esas al\u0131narak do\u011fru yorumlanabilir.
\n Zira bas\u0131n\u00e7 de\u011feri 1013 milibar\u0131n alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu halde y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 merkezi konumunda olan yerler oldu\u011fu gibi,bas\u0131n\u00e7 de\u011feri 1013 milibardan fazla oldu\u011fu halde al\u00e7ak bas\u0131n\u00e7 merkezi olan yerler de vard\u0131r.Yine herhangi bir yerin bas\u0131nc\u0131 da de\u011fi\u015febilmektedir.\u00d6rne\u011fin Anadolu Yar\u0131madas\u0131, \u00e7evre denizlere g\u00f6re k\u0131\u015f mevsiminde y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 alan\u0131 konumunda iken;yaz mevsiminde \u00e7evre denizlere g\u00f6re al\u00e7ak bas\u0131n\u00e7 merkezi konumundad\u0131r.Bundan Anadolu Yar\u0131madas\u0131ndaki bas\u0131n\u00e7 de\u011ferlerinin k\u0131\u015f mevsiminde 1013 milibardan fazla,yaz mevsiminde ise 1013 milibardan az olmas\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaz.Anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken \u015fey, Anadolu Yar\u0131madas\u0131ndaki bas\u0131n\u00e7 de\u011ferlerinin k\u0131\u015f mevsiminde \u00e7evre denizlere g\u00f6re daha fazla, yaz mevsiminde ise daha az oldu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n
Bu nedenle do\u011frusu \u015f\u00f6yle olmal\u0131d\u0131r.Bas\u0131n\u00e7 de\u011feri \u00e7evresine g\u00f6re fazla olan yerlere y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 alan\u0131 ( antisiklon ), bas\u0131n\u00e7 de\u011feri \u00e7evresine g\u00f6re az olan yerlere ise al\u00e7ak bas\u0131n\u00e7 alan\u0131 ( siklon ) denilmelidir.<\/p>\n
Y\u00fckselti ile Yer \u015fekilleri Ayn\u0131 \u015eeyi mi \u0130fade Eder?
\n Bir noktan\u0131n deniz seviyesinden y\u00fcksekli\u011fi \u201cy\u00fckselti\u201d olarak ifade edilir. Bir yerin y\u00fcksekli\u011fi o yer \u015fekilleri hakk\u0131nda kesin bilgiler vermez. Zira yer \u015fekilleri denildi\u011finde da\u011f, tepe, vadi, ova, plato, \u00e7ukur, boyun v.s anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Ve ayn\u0131 yer \u015fekilleri farkl\u0131 y\u00fcksekliklerde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi farkl\u0131 yer \u015fekilleri de ayn\u0131 y\u00fcksekliklerde yer alabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Ege B\u00f6lgesinde yer alan B\u00fcy\u00fck Menderes Ovas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckseltisi 50 metre civar\u0131nda iken, \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu B\u00f6lgesindeki Konya Ovas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckseltisi 900 metre, Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesindeki Erzurum Ovas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckseltisi 1800 metre civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Yine Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019daki baz\u0131 da\u011flar\u0131n y\u00fcksekli\u011fi Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019daki ovalardan daha azd\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesinde hidroelektrik enerji potansiyelinin Marmara B\u00f6lgesindekinden y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131nda yer \u015fekillerinin farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil y\u00fckselti ortalamalar\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 olmas\u0131 neden olmu\u015ftur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc her iki b\u00f6lgede yer \u015fekilleri \u00f6zellikleri benzerdir. Bu nedenle \u201cy\u00fckselti\u201d ile \u201cyer \u015fekilleri\u201d farkl\u0131 \u015feylerdir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla y\u00fckselti ile yer \u015fekillerinin etkileri de farkl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Akarsu Ak\u0131m Grafi\u011finden Akarsuyun Ta\u015fk\u0131n Yap\u0131p Yapmayaca\u011f\u0131 Anla\u015f\u0131labilir mi? lAkarsu ak\u0131m grafi\u011fi, akarsuyun aylara g\u00f6re ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 su miktar\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. Akarsular\u0131n kabar\u0131k devrelerinde sular\u0131n yataktan ta\u015fmas\u0131, \u00e7evreye yay\u0131lmas\u0131 “ta\u015fk\u0131n” olarak ifade edilir. Ta\u015fk\u0131n olaylar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funlukla yatak e\u011fiminin az oldu\u011fu d\u00fczl\u00fck alanlar ve ovalarda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Akarsu ak\u0131m\u0131nda ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131, ya\u011f\u0131\u015f \u015fekli ve kar erimeleri gibi iklim …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[3640,3637,3642,3643,3639,3638,3641],"class_list":["post-1237","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-baki","tag-cografyadaki-yanlisliklar","tag-cografyanin-millisi-olur-mu","tag-endustri-bitkileri","tag-hidroelektrik-potansiyel","tag-lakarsu-akim-grafigi","tag-tarim"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1237","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1237"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1237\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1237"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1237"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1237"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}