MADENC\u0130L\u0130K
\n Ekonomik de\u011feri olan mineral ve elementlere maden denir.
\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de madencilik faaliyetleri 1935 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan MEA ve Etibank taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmektedir.MEA ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapar, Etibank ise bulunan madeni i\u015fletir.Madenlerin olu\u015fumu ile jeolojik devirler aras\u0131nda ili\u015fki vard\u0131r.\u00d6rne\u011fin, volkanik olaylarla krom, kur\u015fun, pirit, manganez, elmas gibi madenler, iklim de\u011fi\u015fmesiyle kayatuzu, jips gibi madenler ili\u015fkilidir.
\n Bir madenin i\u015fletilmesi i\u00e7in;
\n – Rezervin yeterli olmas\u0131, – Sermayenin yeterli olmas\u0131,
\n – Kalifiye ve teknik eleman\u0131n bulunmas\u0131. – Ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n kolay olmas\u0131,
\n – Maden rezervi i\u00e7inde saf maden oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.
\n Maden rezervi: Toprak alt\u0131nda bulunan saf madendir.
\n Maden cevheri: Ekonomik de\u011fer ta\u015f\u0131yan mineral ve elementlerdir.
\n Maden filizi: Topra\u011f\u0131n alt\u0131nda di\u011fer minerallerle bile\u015fik olu\u015fturan maden cevherine denir.
\n Maden tenoru: Madenin ta\u015f ve toprak i\u00e7indeki y\u00fczde olarak oran\u0131na denir.
\n Tuvan\u00f6n cevheri: Topraktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, fakat i\u015flenmemi\u015f madene denir.
\n Ba\u015fl\u0131ca Madenlerimiz
\n 1. Demir: Sanayinin en \u00f6nemli madenidir.T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan demir madeni, Ere\u011fli, Karab\u00fck ve \u0130skenderun Demir \u00c7elik Fabrikas\u0131\u2019nda i\u015flenir.Demir madeni \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan yerler: Malatya \u00e7evresi (Hekimhan, Divri\u011fi, \u00c7etinkaya), \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019da (Kayseri, Sivas), Akdeniz\u2019de (Adana-Saimbeyli, Hatay), ayr\u0131ca Edremit, Eymir, Do\u011fu Karadeniz\u2019de (Fundac\u0131k) \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r.D\u00fcnyada ise BDT, ABD, Hindistan ve Avustralya \u00f6nde gelir.
\n 2. Bak\u0131r: Elektrik ve elektronik sanayinin hammaddesidir.Bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ihra\u00e7 edilir.\u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lan yerler: Kastamonu (K\u00fcre), Artvin (Murgul), Elaz\u0131\u011f\u2019da (Ergani) \u00e7ok miktarda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.Bak\u0131rlar Samsun, Murgul ve Ergani\u2019de i\u015flenmektedir.D\u00fcnyada ise T\u00fcrkiye, ABD, Rusya ve \u015eili \u00f6nde gelir.
\n 3. Krom: Demirin sertle\u015fmesinde ve paslanmaz \u00e7elik \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.\u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lan yerler: Mu\u011fla (Fethiye, K\u00f6yce\u011fiz, Dalaman), Mersin, Adana ve Elaz\u0131\u011f (Guleman)\u2019d\u0131r.Krom Antalya Ferra-Krom Tesislerinde i\u015flenmektedir.D\u00fcnyada ise GAC, Rusya ve T\u00fcrkiye \u00f6nde gelir.
\n 4. Al\u00fcminyum (Boksit): Otomobil ve u\u00e7ak sanayinde, in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde, mutfak e\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131nda ve elektrikli ara\u00e7larda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.\u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lan yerler: Konya (Seydi\u015fehir), \u0130skenderun (Islahiye), Mu\u011fla (Milas), Gaziantep, Antalya ve Ad\u0131yaman\u2019d\u0131r.D\u00fcnyada en fazla Avustralya, Yeni Gine, \u00c7in ve ABD\u2019de \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r.
\n 5. Alt\u0131n: S\u00fcs ve ziynet e\u015fyas\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan alt\u0131n, eskiden para olarak kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lan yerler: Antakya, Ni\u011fde, Bal\u0131kesir, K\u00fctahya, Bursa, \u0130zmir ve \u00e7evresidir.D\u00fcnyada ise Yeni Gine\u2019de \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131r.
\n 6. Bor Mineralleri: Jet ve roket yak\u0131t\u0131, emaye, porselen, cam \u00fcretiminde, foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kta kullan\u0131l\u0131r.\u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lan yerler: Bal\u0131kesir (Bigadi\u00e7, Sand\u0131kl\u0131, Susurluk), Eski\u015fehir (Seyitgazi), K\u00fctahya (Emet) ve Bursa\u2019d\u0131r.D\u00fcnyada ise T\u00fcrkiye, ABD ve BDT \u00f6nde gelir.Kullan\u0131m alan\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131n olmamas\u0131 nedeniyle ekonomimize katk\u0131s\u0131 azd\u0131r.
\n 7. Civa: Tek s\u0131v\u0131 madendir.Zirai ila\u00e7lar\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131nda, alt\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m\u0131nda, ka\u011f\u0131t ve suni g\u00fcbre \u00fcretiminde, boya ve asit sanayinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.D\u00fcnya \u00fcretiminde birinci s\u0131rada bulunmaktay\u0131z.\u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lan yerler: \u0130zmir (Karaburun-\u00d6demi\u015f), Manisa-Ala\u015fehir ve Konya (Saray\u00f6n\u00fc)\u2019d\u00fcr.
\n 8. K\u00fck\u00fcrt: Zirai ila\u00e7lar\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131nda, s\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit \u00fcretiminde ve muhtelif kimya sanayinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.\u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lan yerler: Isparta (Ke\u00e7iborlu), K\u00fctahya (Simav), Denizli (Sarayk\u00f6y)\u2019d\u00fcr.
\n 9. Kur\u015fun-\u00c7inko: \u0130kisi kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k halde bulunur.Silah sanayi ve paslanmaz metal \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.En fazla Giresun, Sivas, \u0130zmir, Kayseri ve Elaz\u0131\u011f\u2019da (Keban) \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r.
\n 10. Antinom: Cephane yap\u0131m\u0131nda, cam ve seramik sanayinde, renklendirme i\u015flerinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. En fazla Bal\u0131kesir, K\u00fctahya, Bursa, \u0130zmir ve Tokat\u2019ta \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r.
\n 11. Asbest (Amyant): \u00d6z \u0131s\u0131ya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 e\u015fyalar\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.Kansorejen olmas\u0131 nedeniyle kullan\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.En fazla Erzincan, Kars, A\u011fr\u0131, Malatya, Sivas ve U\u015fak\u2019ta \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r.
\n 12. Barit: \u00c7e\u015fitli boyalar\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131nda ve sondaj \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.Is\u0131y\u0131 emme ve so\u011futma \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131r.Cam sanayinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.En fazla Antalya, Mersin, Adana ve Elaz\u0131\u011f\u2019da \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r.
\n 13. Fosfat: Suni g\u00fcbrenin hammaddesidir.D\u00fcnyada Fas, Tunus ve Cezayir\u2019de \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131r.\u00dclkemizde Mardin\u2019den (Maz\u0131da\u011f\u0131) \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131r.Yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ithal edilir.
\n 14. Wolfram: Sert oldu\u011fu \u00f6zel sanayi \u00e7eli\u011fi olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.Demiryolu, i\u015f makineleri, u\u00e7ak, gemi ve uzay ara\u00e7lar\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.En fazla Bursa (Uluda\u011f), K\u0131r\u0131kkale (Keskin), Elaz\u0131\u011f (Keban) ve Ni\u011fde\u2019de \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131r.
\n 15. L\u00fcle ta\u015f\u0131: Pipo ve s\u00fcs e\u015fyas\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.D\u00fcnyada ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de sadece Eski\u015fehir\u2019de \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r.
\n 16. Manganez: \u00c7eli\u011fin sertle\u015ftirilmesinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.Ray ve karayolu ara\u00e7lar\u0131, k\u00f6pr\u00fclerin yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.En fazla U\u015fak, Afyon, Burdur, Mu\u011fla, Artvin, Adana, Antep, Sivas, Erzincan ve Trabzon\u2019da \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r.
\n 17. Nikel: Sanayide demir, bak\u0131r, al\u00fcminyum ile ala\u015f\u0131m yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.Tuzlu suya dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r.Bu nedenle gemi yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.\u00dclkemizde Manisa ve Turgutlu\u2019da \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r.
\n 18. Oltu ta\u015f\u0131: Tesbih ve s\u00fcs ta\u015f\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.Erzurum\u2019un Oltu il\u00e7esinde \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r.
\n 19. Z\u0131mpara ta\u015f\u0131: Z\u0131mpara yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.\u00dclkemizde \u0130zmir (Karaburun, Urla, \u00c7e\u015fme, \u00d6demi\u015f) ve Mu\u011fla\u2019da (Milas) \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r.
\n 20. Tuz: Kayalardan, g\u00f6l ve deniz gibi durgun sulardan elde edilir.Tuz \u00fcretiminin %30\u2019u Tuz G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019nden, %10\u2019u kayalardan, geri kalan\u0131 da \u0130zmir \u00c7amalt\u0131 Tuzlas\u0131\u2019ndan elde edilir.
\n 21. Mermer: Heykel yap\u0131m\u0131nda, in\u015faat i\u015fleri ve s\u00fcslemede kullan\u0131l\u0131r.\u00dclkemiz mermer bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengindir.Afyon, K\u00fctahya, Marmara Adalar\u0131, K\u0131r\u015fehir, Tokat, Bitlis ve \u0130zmir\u2019de \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r.
\n ENERJ\u0130 KAYNAKLARIMIZ
\n 1. Ta\u015f k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc: I. zamanda olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.Enerjisi y\u00fcksektir.Demir-\u00e7elik sanayinin hammaddesidir. \u00dclkemizde Zonguldak\u2019ta (Ere\u011fli, Kozlu, Kilim) \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r.D\u00fcnyada en fazla ABD, BDT, Polonya, G. Afrika, Avustralya ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019de \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r.\u0130ngiltere, Fransa ve Almanya bug\u00fcnk\u00fc kalk\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k seviyesine gelmesini ta\u015fk\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcne bor\u00e7ludur.
\n 2. Linyit: Kalorisi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr.En zengin enerji kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.III. zamanda olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.Evlerin \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.En \u00e7ok elektrik enerjisi linyit ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan termik santrallerden elde edilir.\u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lan yerler: K\u00fctahya (Tun\u00e7bilek, De\u011firmisaz, Tav\u015fanl\u0131, Seyit\u00f6mer), Mu\u011fla (Yata\u011fan), Manisa (Soma), Af\u015fin, Elbistan, Amasya (\u00c7eltek), Ankara (\u00c7ay\u0131rhan) ve \u00c7anakkale (\u00c7an)\u2019d\u0131r.
\n Termik Santraller:
\n – Kahramanmara\u015f (Af\u015fin-Elbistan) – K\u00fctahya (Seyit\u00f6mer-Tun\u00e7bilek)
\n – Zonguldak (\u00c7atala\u011fz\u0131) – Mu\u011fla (Yata\u011fan)
\n – Manisa (Soma) – \u0130stanbul (Ambarl\u0131)
\n 3. Do\u011falgaz: Gelece\u011fe y\u00f6nelik \u00f6nemli enerji kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.\u00dclkemizde az da olsa Trakya\u2019da (K\u0131rklareli, Babaeski, L\u00fcleburgaz) \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r.\u00dclkemizde son y\u0131llarda b\u00fcy\u00fck kentlerde do\u011falgaz kullan\u0131m\u0131 artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.Rusya ithal etmekteyiz.
\n 4. Petrol: \u00dclkemizde ilk petrol 1940 y\u0131l\u0131nda Raman\u2019da bulunmu\u015ftur.Petrol \u00fcretimimiz t\u00fcketimimizin sadece %25\u2019ini kar\u015f\u0131lamaktad\u0131r.\u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lan yerler: Raman, Mardin, Ad\u0131yaman ve Diyarbak\u0131r \u00e7evresidir.En fazla ithalatta bulundu\u011fumuz \u00fclkeler \u0130ran, Irak, Arabistan, ABD, Rusya ve Venezuella\u2019d\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde petrol arama i\u015flerini TPAD y\u00fcr\u00fctmektedir.En fazla petrol \u00fcreten \u00fclkeler: Orta Do\u011fu \u00dclkeleri, Orta Asya \u00dclkeleri, ABD, \u00c7in, \u0130ngiltere, Kanada ve Meksika\u2019d\u0131r.
\n 5. Uranyum ve Toryum: N\u00fckleer enerji kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.MTA\u2019n\u0131n belirledi\u011fine g\u00f6re \u00fclkemiz uranyum y\u00f6n\u00fcnden zengindir.Manisa-G\u00f6rdes\u2019te toryum, Ayd\u0131n-S\u00f6ke, Yozgat-Sorgun, Giresun ve Rize\u2019de ise uranyum \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131r.D\u00fcnyada 600 civar\u0131nda n\u00fckleer santral vard\u0131r.\u00d6rne\u011fin kom\u015fular\u0131m\u0131zdan Bulgaristan, Ermenistan, Ukrayna ve BDT\u2019de bulunmaktad\u0131r.
\n 6. Jeotermal enerji: Buhardan elde edilen enerjidir.\u00dclkemizde Denizli (Sarayk\u00f6y), Ayd\u0131n (Germencik) ve Afyon\u2019da (G\u00f6cek) bulunmaktad\u0131r.
\n 7. Hidroelektrik enerji: Akarsular \u00fczerinde barajlar yap\u0131larak elde edilen enerjidir.Avrupa\u2019da Norve\u00e7\u2019ten sonra ikinci s\u0131rada bulunmaktay\u0131z.Do\u011fu Anadolu enerji potansiyeli a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan birinci s\u0131radad\u0131r. Yap\u0131m\u0131 tamamlanm\u0131\u015f doksan kadar baraj\u0131m\u0131z vard\u0131r.
\n – Enerji \u00fcretiminde termik santrallerde \u00fcretilen enerjinin pay\u0131 hidroelektrik santrallerinkinden daha fazlad\u0131r.
\n – Termik santrallerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan yak\u0131t ta\u015fk\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc, fuel-oil, motorin ve linyittir.
\n – Hamitabat ve Ambarl\u0131 Termik Santralleri do\u011fal gazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
MADENC\u0130L\u0130K Ekonomik de\u011feri olan mineral ve elementlere maden denir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de madencilik faaliyetleri 1935 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan MEA ve Etibank taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmektedir.MEA ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapar, Etibank ise bulunan madeni i\u015fletir.Madenlerin olu\u015fumu ile jeolojik devirler aras\u0131nda ili\u015fki vard\u0131r.\u00d6rne\u011fin, volkanik olaylarla krom, kur\u015fun, pirit, manganez, elmas gibi madenler, iklim de\u011fi\u015fmesiyle kayatuzu, jips gibi madenler ili\u015fkilidir. Bir madenin i\u015fletilmesi i\u00e7in; – …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[2258,2256,3658,3657,2932,2254,2264,2209,2261,3667,2213,3552,2123,3664,3158,3662,3663,3661,3089,2201,3556,3665,2714,3555,3605,3666],"class_list":["post-1251","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-aluminyum","tag-bakir","tag-boksit","tag-bor-mineralleri","tag-catalagzi","tag-civa","tag-demir","tag-dogalgaz","tag-element","tag-hidroelektrik-enerji","tag-jeotermal-enerji","tag-krom","tag-kukurt","tag-kursun-cinko","tag-linyit","tag-maden-rezervi","tag-maden-tenoru","tag-madencilik","tag-mineral","tag-petrol","tag-seyitomer","tag-termik-santraller","tag-toryum","tag-tuncbilek","tag-uranyum","tag-yatagan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1251","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1251"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1251\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1251"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1251"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1251"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}