D\u00fcnya, kal\u0131nl\u0131k, yo\u011funluk ve s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 farkl\u0131, i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f \u00e7e\u015fitli katmanlardan olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Bu katmanlar\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri hakk\u0131nda bilgi edinilirken deprem dalgalar\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00c7ekirdek
\n Manto
\n Ta\u015fk\u00fcre (Litosfer)<\/p>\n
Deprem Dalgalar\u0131<\/p>\n
Deprem dalgalar\u0131 farkl\u0131 dalga boylar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Deprem dalgalar\u0131 yo\u011fun tabakalardan ge\u00e7erken dalga boylar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr, titre\u015fim say\u0131s\u0131 artar. Yo\u011funlu\u011fu az olan tabakalarda ise dalga boyu uzar, titre\u015fim say\u0131s\u0131 azal\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00c7ekirdek :<\/p>\n
Yo\u011funluk ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k bak\u0131m\u0131ndan en a\u011f\u0131r elementlerin bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6l\u00fcmd\u00fcr. D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n en i\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturan \u00e7ekirde\u011fin, 5120-2890 km\u2019ler aras\u0131ndaki k\u0131sm\u0131na d\u0131\u015f \u00e7ekirdek, 6371-5150 km\u2019ler aras\u0131ndaki k\u0131sm\u0131na i\u00e7 \u00e7ekirdek denir. \u0130\u00e7 \u00e7ekirdekte bulunan demir-nikel kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k etkisiyle kristal haldedir. D\u0131\u015f \u00e7ekirdekte ise bu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m ergimi\u015f haldedir.<\/p>\n
Manto<\/p>\n
Litosfer ile \u00e7ekirdek aras\u0131ndaki katmand\u0131r. 100-2890 km\u2019ler aras\u0131nda bulunan mantonun yo\u011funlu\u011fu 3,3-5,5 g\/cm3 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 1900-3700 \u00b0C aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir. Manto, yer hacminin en b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturur. Yap\u0131s\u0131nda silisyum, magnezyum , nikel ve demir bulunmaktad\u0131r. Mantonun \u00fcst kesimi y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 plastiki \u00f6zellik g\u00f6sterir. Alt kesimleri ise s\u0131v\u0131 halde bulunur. Bu nedenle mantoda s\u00fcrekli olarak al\u00e7al\u0131c\u0131-y\u00fckselici hareketler g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Mantodaki Al\u00e7al\u0131c\u0131-Y\u00fckselici Hareketler<\/p>\n
Mantonun alt ve \u00fcst k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131ndaki yo\u011funluk fark\u0131 nedeniyle magma ad\u0131 verilen k\u0131zg\u0131n ak\u0131c\u0131 madde yerkabu\u011funa do\u011fru y\u00fckselir. Yo\u011funlu\u011fun artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde ise magma yerin i\u00e7ine do\u011fru sokulur.<\/p>\n
Ta\u015fk\u00fcre (Litosfer)<\/p>\n
Mantonun \u00fcst\u00fcnde yer alan ve yery\u00fcz\u00fcne kadar uzanan katmand\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortalama 100 km\u2019dir.<\/p>\n
Ta\u015fk\u00fcre\u2019nin ortalama 35 km\u2019lik \u00fcst b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne yerkabu\u011fu denir.<\/p>\n
Daha \u00e7ok silisyum ve al\u00fcminyum bile\u015fimindeki ta\u015flardan olu\u015fmas\u0131 nedeniyle sial de denir.<\/p>\n
Yerkabu\u011funun alt\u0131ndaki b\u00f6l\u00fcme ise silisyum ve magnezyumdan olu\u015ftu\u011fu i\u00e7in sima denir.<\/p>\n
Sial, okyanus tabanlar\u0131nda incelir yer yer kaybolur.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin B\u00fcy\u00fck Okyanus taban\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde sial g\u00f6r\u00fclmez.<\/p>\n
Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnden yerin derinliklerine inildik\u00e7e 33 m\u2019de bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k 1 \u00b0C artar. Buna jeoterm basama\u011f\u0131 denir.<\/p>\n
K\u0131talar ve Okyanuslar<\/p>\n
Yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcst b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc kara par\u00e7alar\u0131ndan ve su k\u00fctlelerinden olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Denizlerin ortas\u0131nda \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck birer ada gibi duran kara k\u00fctlelerine k\u0131ta denir. Kuzey Yar\u0131m K\u00fcre\u2019de karalar, G\u00fcney Yar\u0131m K\u00fcre\u2019den daha geni\u015f yer kaplar. Asya, Avrupa, Kuzey Amerika\u2019n\u0131n tamam\u0131 ve Afrika\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Kuzey Yar\u0131m K\u00fcre\u2019de yer al\u0131r. G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019n\u0131n ve Afrika\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Avustralya ve \u00e7evresindeki adalarla Antartika k\u0131tas\u0131 G\u00fcney Yar\u0131m K\u00fcre\u2019de bulunur. Yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00be\u2019\u00fc sularla kapl\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131talar\u0131n birbirinden ay\u0131ran b\u00fcy\u00fck su k\u00fctlelerine okyanus denir.<\/p>\n
Kara ve Denizlerin Farkl\u0131 Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/p>\n
Karalar\u0131n Kuzey Yar\u0131m K\u00fcre\u2019de daha fazla yer kaplamas\u0131 nedeniyle, Kuzey Yar\u0131m K\u00fcre\u2019de;<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 daha y\u00fcksektir.
\n S\u0131cakl\u0131k farklar\u0131 daha belirgindir.
\n E\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131k e\u011frileri enlemlerden daha fazla sapma g\u00f6sterir.
\n K\u0131talar aras\u0131 ula\u015f\u0131m daha kolayd\u0131r.
\n N\u00fcfus daha kalabal\u0131kt\u0131r.
\n K\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin geli\u015fmesi ve yay\u0131lmas\u0131 daha kolayd\u0131r.
\n Ekonomi daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ve daha \u00e7ok geli\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Hipsografik E\u011fri<\/p>\n
Yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fckseklik ve derinlik basamaklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren e\u011fridir.<\/p>\n
K\u0131ta Platformu : Derin deniz platformundan sonra y\u00fcksek da\u011flar ile k\u0131y\u0131 ovalar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki en geni\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcmd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Karalar\u0131n Ortalama Y\u00fcksekli\u011fi : Karalar\u0131n ortalama y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 1000 m dir. D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n en y\u00fcksek yeri deniz seviyesinden 8840 m y\u00fckseklikteki Everest Tepesi\u2019dir.<\/p>\n
K\u0131ta Sahanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 : Deniz seviyesinin alt\u0131nda, k\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7izgisinden -200 m derine kadar inen b\u00f6l\u00fcme k\u0131ta sahanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (\u015felf) denir. \u015eelf k\u0131talar\u0131n su alt\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
K\u0131ta Yamac\u0131 : \u015eelf ile derin deniz platformunu birbirine ba\u011flayan b\u00f6l\u00fcmd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Denizlerin Ortalama Derinli\u011fi : Denizlerin ortalama derinli\u011fi 4000 m dir. D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n en derin yeri olan Mariana \u00c7ukuru denzi seviyesinden 11.035 m derinliktedir.<\/p>\n
Derin Deniz Platformu : K\u0131ta yama\u00e7lar\u0131 ile \u00e7evrelenmi\u015f, ortalama derinli\u011fi 6000 m olan yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn en geni\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Derin Deniz \u00c7ukurlar\u0131 : Sima \u00fczerinde hareket eden k\u0131talar\u0131n, birbirine \u00e7arpt\u0131klar\u0131 yerlerde bulunur. Yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn en dar b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Yerkabu\u011funu Olu\u015fturan Ta\u015flar<\/p>\n
Yerkabu\u011funun ana malzemesi ta\u015flard\u0131r. \u00c7e\u015fitli minerallerden ve organik maddelerden olu\u015fan kat\u0131, do\u011fal maddelere ta\u015f ya da kaya\u00e7 denir. Yer \u00fcst\u00fcnde ve i\u00e7inde bulunan t\u00fcm ta\u015flar\u0131n k\u00f6keni magmad\u0131r. Ancak bu ta\u015flar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 baz\u0131 olaylar sonucu de\u011fi\u015fik \u00f6zellikler kazanarak \u00e7e\u015fitli adlar alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Olu\u015fumlar\u0131na g\u00f6re ta\u015flar \u00fc\u00e7 grupta toplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
P\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u00fck (Volkanik) Ta\u015flar
\n Tortul Ta\u015flar
\n Ba\u015fkala\u015fm\u0131\u015f (Metamorfik) Ta\u015flar<\/p>\n
UYARI : Tortul ta\u015flar\u0131, p\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u00fck ve ba\u015fkala\u015fm\u0131\u015f ta\u015flardan ay\u0131ran en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zellik fosil i\u00e7ermeleridir.<\/p>\n
P\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u00fck (Volkanik) Ta\u015flar<\/p>\n
Magman\u0131n yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde ya da yery\u00fcz\u00fcne yak\u0131n yerlerde so\u011fumas\u0131yla olu\u015fan ta\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kat\u0131la\u015f\u0131m ta\u015flar\u0131 ad\u0131 da verilen p\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u00fck ta\u015flar magman\u0131n so\u011fudu\u011fu yere g\u00f6re iki gruba ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00a7 D\u0131\u015f P\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u00fck Ta\u015flar<\/p>\n
\u00a7 \u0130\u00e7 P\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u00fck Ta\u015flar<\/p>\n
D\u0131\u015f P\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u00fck Ta\u015flar<\/p>\n
Magman\u0131n yery\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p, yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde so\u011fumas\u0131yla olu\u015fan ta\u015flard\u0131r. So\u011fumalar\u0131 k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi i\u00e7in K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kristalli olurlar. D\u0131\u015f p\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u00fck ta\u015flar\u0131n en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u00f6rnekleri bazalt, andezit, obsidyen ve volkanik t\u00fcft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Bazalt : Koyu gri ve siyah renklerde olan d\u0131\u015f p\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u00fck bir ta\u015ft\u0131r. Mineralleri ince taneli oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ancak mikroskopla g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Bazalt demir i\u00e7erir. Bu nedenle a\u011f\u0131r bir ta\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Andezit : Eflatun, mor, pembemsi renkli d\u0131\u015f p\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u00fck bir ta\u015ft\u0131r. Ankara ta\u015f\u0131 da denir. Da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda killi topraklar olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
Obsidyen (Volkan Cam\u0131) : Siyah, kahverengi, ye\u015fil renkli ve parlak d\u0131\u015f p\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u00fck bir ta\u015ft\u0131r. Magman\u0131n yer y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda aniden so\u011fumas\u0131 ile olu\u015fur. Bu nedenle cams\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcme sahiptir.<\/p>\n
Volkanik T\u00fcf : Volkanlardan \u00e7\u0131kan k\u00fcl ve irili ufakl\u0131 par\u00e7alar\u0131n \u00fcst \u00fcste y\u0131\u011f\u0131larak yap\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ile olu\u015fan ta\u015flara volkan t\u00fcf\u00fc denir.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u00e7 P\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u00fck Ta\u015flar<\/p>\n
Magman\u0131n yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn derinliklerinde so\u011fuyup, kat\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131yla olu\u015fan ta\u015flard\u0131r. So\u011fuma yava\u015f oldu\u011fundan i\u00e7 p\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u00fckler iri kristalli olurlar. \u0130\u00e7 p\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u00fck ta\u015flar\u0131n en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u00f6rnekleri granit, siyenit ve diyorittir.<\/p>\n
Granit : \u0130\u00e7 p\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u00fck bir ta\u015ft\u0131r. Kuvars, mika ve feldspat mineralleri i\u00e7erir. Taneli olmas\u0131 nedeniyle mineralleri kolayca g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00c7atla\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok olan granit kolayca da\u011f\u0131l\u0131r, olu\u015fan kuma arena denir.<\/p>\n
Siyenit : Ye\u015filimsi, pembemsi renkli i\u00e7 p\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u00fck bir ta\u015ft\u0131r. Ad\u0131n\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019daki Syene (Asuvan) kentinden alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Siyenit da\u011f\u0131l\u0131nca kil olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
Diyorit : Birbirinden g\u00f6zle kolayca ayr\u0131labilen a\u00e7\u0131k ve koyu renkli minerallerden olu\u015fan i\u00e7 p\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u00fck bir ta\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ri taneli olanlar\u0131, ince tanelilere g\u00f6re daha kolay da\u011f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Tortul Ta\u015flar<\/p>\n
Denizlerde, g\u00f6llerde ve \u00e7ukur yerlerde meydana gelen tortulanma ve \u00e7\u00f6kelmelerle olu\u015fan ta\u015flard\u0131r. Tortul ta\u015flar\u0131n ya\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7erdikleri fosillerle belirlenir. Tortul ta\u015flar, tortullanman\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fidine g\u00f6re 3 gruba ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kimyasal Tortul Ta\u015flar
\n Organik Tortul Ta\u015flar
\n Fiziksel Tortul Ta\u015flar<\/p>\n
Fosil : Jeolojik devirler boyunca ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f canl\u0131lar\u0131n ta\u015flam\u0131\u015f kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na fosil denir.<\/p>\n
Kimyasal Tortul Ta\u015flar<\/p>\n
Suda erime \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahip ta\u015flar\u0131n suda eriyerek ba\u015fka alanlara ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131p tortulanmas\u0131 ile olu\u015fur. Kimyasal tortul ta\u015flar\u0131n en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u00f6rnekleri jips, traverten, kire\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131 (kalker), \u00e7akmakta\u015f\u0131 (silex)\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Jips (Al\u00e7\u0131ta\u015f\u0131) : Beyaz renkli, t\u0131rnakla \u00e7izilebilen kimyasal tortul bir ta\u015ft\u0131r. Al\u00e7\u0131ta\u015f\u0131 olarak da isimlendirilir.<\/p>\n
Traverten : Kalsiyum biokarbonatl\u0131 yer alt\u0131 sular\u0131n\u0131n ma\u011fara bo\u015fluklar\u0131nda veya yery\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131 yerlerde i\u00e7lerindeki kalsiyum karbonat\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kelmesi sonucu olu\u015fan kimyasal tortul bir ta\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kalker (Kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131) : Deniz ve okyanus havzalar\u0131nda, erimi\u015f halde bulunan kirecin \u00e7\u00f6kelmesi ve ta\u015fla\u015fmas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fan ta\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00c7akmakta\u015f\u0131 (Silex) : Denizlerde eriyik halde bulunan silisyum dioksitin (S\u0130O2) \u00e7\u00f6kelmesi ile olu\u015fan ta\u015ft\u0131r. Kahverengi, gri, beyaz, siyah renkleri bulunur. \u00c7ok sert olmas\u0131 ve d\u00fczg\u00fcn y\u00fczeyler halinde k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle ilkel insanlar taraf\u0131ndan alet yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Organik Tortul Ta\u015flar<\/p>\n
Bitki ya da hayvan kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n belli ortamlarda birikmesi ve zamanla ta\u015fla\u015fmas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fur. Organik tortul ta\u015flar\u0131n en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u00f6rnekleri mercan kalkeri, tebe\u015fir ve k\u00f6m\u00fcrd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Mercan Kalkeri : Mercan iskeletlerinden olu\u015fan organik bir ta\u015ft\u0131r. Temiz, s\u0131cak ve derinli\u011fin az oldu\u011fu denizlerde bulunur. Ada kenarlar\u0131nda topluluk olu\u015fturanlara atol denir. K\u0131y\u0131 yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda olanlar ise, mercan resifleridir.<\/p>\n
Tebe\u015fir : Derin deniz canl\u0131lar\u0131 olan tek h\u00fccreli Globugerina (Globijerina)\u2019lar\u0131n birikimi sonucu olu\u015fur. Saf, yumu\u015fak, kolay da\u011f\u0131labilen bir kalkerdir. G\u00f6zenekli oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in suyu kolay ge\u00e7irir.<\/p>\n
K\u00f6m\u00fcr : Bitkiler \u00f6ld\u00fckten sonra bakteriler etkisiyle de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011frar. E\u011fer su alt\u0131nda kalarak de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011frarsa, C (karbon) miktar\u0131 artarak k\u00f6m\u00fcrle\u015fme ba\u015flar. C miktar\u0131 % 60 ise turba, C miktar\u0131 % 70 ise linyit, C miktar\u0131 % 80 \u2013 90 ise ta\u015f k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc, C miktar\u0131 % 94 ise antrasit ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Fiziksel (Mekanik) Tortul Ta\u015flar<\/p>\n
Akarsular\u0131n, r\u00fczgarlar\u0131n ve buzullar\u0131n, ta\u015flardan kopard\u0131klar\u0131 par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kelip, birikmesi ile olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
Fiziksel (mekanik) tortul ta\u015flar\u0131n en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u00f6rnekleri kilta\u015f\u0131 (\u015fist), kumta\u015f\u0131 (gre) ve \u00e7ak\u0131lta\u015f\u0131 (konglomera)\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kilta\u015f\u0131 (\u015eist) : \u00c7ap\u0131 2 mikrondan daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan ve kil ad\u0131 verilen tanelerin yap\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fan fiziksel tortul bir ta\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kumta\u015f\u0131 (Gre) : Kum tanelerinin do\u011fal bir \u00e7imento maddesi yard\u0131m\u0131yla yap\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fan fiziksel tortul bir ta\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00c7ak\u0131lta\u015f\u0131 (Konglomera) : Genelde yuvarlak akarsu \u00e7ak\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal bir \u00e7imento maddesi yard\u0131m\u0131yla yap\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkala\u015fm\u0131\u015f (Metamorfik) Ta\u015flar :<\/p>\n
Tortul ve p\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u00fck ta\u015flar\u0131n, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda ba\u015fkala\u015f\u0131ma u\u011framas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fan ta\u015flard\u0131r. Ba\u015fkala\u015fm\u0131\u015f ta\u015flar\u0131n en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u00f6rnekleri mermer, gnays ve filatt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Mermer : Kalkerin y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011framas\u0131, yani metamorfize olmas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
Gnays : Granitin y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011framas\u0131 yani metamorfize olmas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
Filat : Kilta\u015f\u0131n\u0131n (\u015fist) y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011framas\u0131 yani metamorfize olmas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
Yeralt\u0131 Zenginliklerinin Olu\u015fumu<\/p>\n
Yerkabu\u011funun yap\u0131s\u0131 ve ge\u00e7irmi\u015f oldu\u011fu evrelerle yer alt\u0131 zenginlikleri aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131 bir ili\u015fki vard\u0131r. Yer alt\u0131 zenginliklerinin olu\u015fumu 3 grupta toplan\u0131r:<\/p>\n
Volkanik olaylara ba\u011fl\u0131 olanlar; Krom, kur\u015fun, demir, nikel, pirit ve manganez gibi madenler magmada erimi\u015f haldedir.
\n Organik tortulanmaya ba\u011fl\u0131 olanlar; Ta\u015f k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc, linyit ve petrol olu\u015fumu.
\n Kimyasal tortulanmaya ba\u011fl\u0131 olanlar; Kayatuzu, jips, kalker, borasit ve potas yataklar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fumu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
D\u00fcnya, kal\u0131nl\u0131k, yo\u011funluk ve s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 farkl\u0131, i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f \u00e7e\u015fitli katmanlardan olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Bu katmanlar\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri hakk\u0131nda bilgi edinilirken deprem dalgalar\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7ekirdek Manto Ta\u015fk\u00fcre (Litosfer) Deprem Dalgalar\u0131 Deprem dalgalar\u0131 farkl\u0131 dalga boylar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Deprem dalgalar\u0131 yo\u011fun tabakalardan ge\u00e7erken dalga boylar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr, titre\u015fim say\u0131s\u0131 artar. Yo\u011funlu\u011fu az olan tabakalarda ise dalga boyu uzar, titre\u015fim say\u0131s\u0131 azal\u0131r. …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[3400,2532,2107,3739,3745,3742,3744,2961,3740,3743,3741],"class_list":["post-1279","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-buyuk-okyanus","tag-cekirdek","tag-dunya","tag-dunyanin-ic-yapisi","tag-guney-yarim-kure","tag-kitalar","tag-kuzey-yarim-kure","tag-litosfer","tag-manto","tag-okyanuslar","tag-taskure"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1279","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1279"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1279\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1279"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1279"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1279"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}