T\u00dcRK\u0130YE’DE TARIM
\n T\u00fcrkiye’de Tar\u0131m\u0131 Etkileyen Etmenler Da\u011fl\u0131k ve engebeli arazi yap\u0131s\u0131 tar\u0131m topraklar\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fletmeler \u015feklinde tar\u0131msal faaliyetler daha yo\u011fundur. Topraktan al\u0131nan verimin art\u0131r\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in topra\u011f\u0131n dinlenmeye b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 (nadas) gerekmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye’de tar\u0131m\u0131 etkileyen etmenler \u015funlard\u0131r :
\n Toprak Bak\u0131m\u0131 ve Islah\u0131 Topra\u011f\u0131n s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, havaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, ta\u015flar\u0131ndan ay\u0131klanmas\u0131, batakl\u0131klar\u0131n kurutulmas\u0131, yabanc\u0131 otlar\u0131n ay\u0131klanmas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131d\u0131r.
\n Sulama Tar\u0131m yapabilmek i\u00e7in topra\u011f\u0131n nemli olmas\u0131 gereklidir. Kurakl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen b\u00f6lgelerde sulama ile tar\u0131m yap\u0131labilir. Sulanan tar\u0131m arazilerinde \u00fcretim y\u0131llara g\u00f6re \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fmeler g\u00f6stermez. Tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi artar.
\n G\u00fcbreleme Topraktaki mineral dengesini korumak, topra\u011f\u0131 verimli hale getirmek i\u00e7in g\u00fcbreleme yap\u0131l\u0131r. G\u00fcbrelemenin yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde toprak nadasa b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r.
\n Tohum Islah\u0131 Y\u00fcksek verimli tohum kullanmak, tar\u0131msal verimi artt\u0131r\u0131r.
\n Makinele\u015fme Tar\u0131msal faaliyetlerin k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede tamamlanmas\u0131 topra\u011f\u0131n daha iyi i\u015flenmesini sa\u011flar.
\n Pazarlama Tar\u0131m \u00fcreticisinin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011ferlendirmek, zarar etmesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in devlet baz\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlere taban fiyat\u0131 vererek destekleme al\u0131mlar\u0131 yapar. Ayr\u0131ca \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn depolanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in silolar, hangarlar, depolar kurar.
\n Tar\u0131msal Kurulu\u015flar Zirai ara\u015ft\u0131rma enstit\u00fcleri, devlet \u00fcretme \u00e7iftlikleri, Ziraat Bankas\u0131, TMO, T\u00fcrkiye Ziraat Odalar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye’nin \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerinin tar\u0131msal yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6zelliklerini incelemek, \u00fcretici ve t\u00fcketiciyi korumak, \u00e7ift\u00e7iye kredi, fidan sa\u011flamak gibi ama\u00e7larla kurulan kurulu\u015flard\u0131r.
\n T\u00fcrkiye’de Topraklar\u0131n Kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00dclkemiz topraklar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m amac\u0131na g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:
\n Ekili dili alan : 174.480.000 dekar
\n Nadas arazisi : 36.551.000 dekar
\n Orman : 192.376.000 dekar
\n \u00dcr\u00fcn vermeyen : 113.403.000 dekar
\n \u00c7ay\u0131r-mera : 123.776.000 dekar Kullan\u0131lmayan alan\u0131 : 662.195.000 dekar
\n Ekili – Dikili Alanlar\u0131n Kullan\u0131m\u0131 Ekili – dikili alanlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m amac\u0131na g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir :
\n Ekili – Dikili Alanlar\u0131n Co\u011frafi Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 Ekili alan (Tarla) 145.178.000 dekar Dikili Alan (Meyveli a\u011fa\u00e7) 23.373.000 dekar Sebze-\u00e7i\u00e7ek bah\u00e7esi (Sera dahil) 5.929.000 dekar
\n Ekili – Dikili Alanlar\u0131n \u00dcr\u00fcnlere G\u00f6re Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 Tah\u0131llar % 74 End\u00fcstri bitkileri % 11 Baklagiller % 8 Sebzeler % 5 Yumruklu bitkiler % 2
\n T\u00fcrkiye’deki Tar\u0131m B\u00f6lgeleri K\u0131y\u0131 ve Yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki Tar\u0131m B\u00f6lgeleri K\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde iklime ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak birbirinden farkl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 tar\u0131m b\u00f6lgesi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr:
\n Karadeniz K\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 : K\u0131\u015f \u0131l\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve bol neme gereksinim duyan \u00e7ay, f\u0131nd\u0131k, m\u0131s\u0131r ile t\u00fct\u00fcn, sebze, meyve, keten, kenevir, ayr\u0131ca Do\u011fu Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda turun\u00e7gil yeti\u015fir.
\n Akdeniz ve K\u0131y\u0131 Ege : Akdeniz iklimine uyumlu olan, turun\u00e7giller, zeytin, incir, susam, pamuk, pirin\u00e7, turfanda sebzeler, muz, \u00e7ekirdeksiz \u00fcz\u00fcm, t\u00fct\u00fcn gibi \u00fcr\u00fcnler yeti\u015ftirilir.
\n Marmara : Ge\u00e7i\u015f iklimi ko\u015fullar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi en fazla olan b\u00f6lgedir. Ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi, zeytin, t\u00fct\u00fcn, \u00e7e\u015fitli sebze ve meyveler, tah\u0131llar, dut ve f\u0131nd\u0131kt\u0131r.
\n \u0130\u00e7 Tar\u0131m B\u00f6lgeleri : Y\u00fckselti ve denize g\u00f6re konuma ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00e7e\u015fitlilik g\u00f6steren tar\u0131m b\u00f6lgeleridir.
\n Karadeniz Ard\u0131 : \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu ile k\u0131y\u0131 aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6sterir. Y\u00fcksek yerlerinde \u00e7avdar, bu\u011fday, sulak yerlerde pirin\u00e7 ve sebze yeti\u015ftirilir. Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015fti\u011fi, \u00f6zellikle tiftik ke\u00e7isinin yo\u011fun olarak yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fi aland\u0131r.
\n \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu ve \u00c7evresi : Bozk\u0131rlar\u0131n geni\u015f yer kaplamas\u0131 nedeniyle koyun ve ke\u00e7i gibi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckba\u015f hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Yar\u0131 kurak iklim nedeniyle bu\u011fday, arpa gibi tah\u0131llar ile fasulye, nohut gibi baklagiller yeti\u015ftirilir.
\n Erzurum – Kars B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc : Yazlar\u0131n k\u0131sa ve serin ge\u00e7mesi tar\u0131msal faaliyetleri s\u0131n\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu\u011fday, arpa gibi tah\u0131llar yeti\u015ftirilir. Yaz ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak g\u00fcr otlaklar\u0131n olmas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n Do\u011fu Anadolu ve Da\u011fl\u0131k Yerler : Tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011fu bu yerlerde hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kar. Tah\u0131l tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r. Sebze ve meyve \u00fcretimi \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maz.
\n Tar\u0131m\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye Ekonomisindeki Yeri
\n \u2022 N\u00fcfusun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc tar\u0131msal faaliyetlerle ge\u00e7imini sa\u011flar. Ulusal gelirin \u00bc ini tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131lar. \u0130hracat\u0131m\u0131zda \u00f6nemli bir paya sahiptir. T\u00fcrkiye’deki end\u00fcstri tesislerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc tar\u0131msal maddeleri hammadde olarak kullan\u0131r. Sanayinin geli\u015fmesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r.
\n \u2022 \u0130hracat\u0131m\u0131zda f\u0131nd\u0131k, turun\u00e7giller, tah\u0131llar, meyve ve sebzeler, pamuk, t\u00fct\u00fcn, ya\u011f bitkileri, zeytin ve \u00e7ay gibi tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u00f6nemli yer tutar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE’DE TARIM T\u00fcrkiye’de Tar\u0131m\u0131 Etkileyen Etmenler Da\u011fl\u0131k ve engebeli arazi yap\u0131s\u0131 tar\u0131m topraklar\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fletmeler \u015feklinde tar\u0131msal faaliyetler daha yo\u011fundur. Topraktan al\u0131nan verimin art\u0131r\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in topra\u011f\u0131n dinlenmeye b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 (nadas) gerekmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye’de tar\u0131m\u0131 etkileyen etmenler \u015funlard\u0131r : Toprak Bak\u0131m\u0131 ve Islah\u0131 Topra\u011f\u0131n s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, havaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, ta\u015flar\u0131ndan ay\u0131klanmas\u0131, batakl\u0131klar\u0131n kurutulmas\u0131, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[3002,3791,3792,3790,3789],"class_list":["post-1303","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-karadeniz","tag-nadas","tag-tohum-islahi","tag-turkiyede-tarimi-etkileyen-etmenler","tag-turkiyede-tarim-ve-turkiye-ekonomisindeki-yeri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1303","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1303"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1303\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1303"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1303"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1303"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}