Haritalarda Kullan\u0131lan \u00c7izim Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/p>\n
Yery\u00fcz\u00fc \u015fekillerini harita \u00fczerine aktarmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6ntemler;<\/p>\n
– Kabartma Y\u00f6ntemi<\/p>\n
Kabartma y\u00f6ntemi ile yap\u0131lan haritalarda, y\u00fckseltiler belli oranda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclt\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Yer \u015fekilleri kabart\u0131larak g\u00f6sterilir.<\/p>\n
– G\u00f6lgelendirme Y\u00f6ntemi<\/p>\n
G\u00f6lgelendirme y\u00f6nteminde, G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n yer \u015fekilleri \u00fczerine 45 derece a\u00e7\u0131 ile geldi\u011fi kabul edilerek arazi yap\u0131s\u0131 g\u00f6sterilir. Bu y\u00f6ntemde g\u00f6lgelerin a\u00e7\u0131k veya koyu olu\u015fu arazinin e\u011fimi hakk\u0131nda bilgi verir.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6lgelerin koyula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde e\u011fim azal\u0131r. Yer \u015fekilleri ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterilemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde yard\u0131mc\u0131 bir y\u00f6ntem olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
– Tarama Y\u00f6ntemi<\/p>\n
Tarama y\u00f6ntemi ile yap\u0131lan haritalarda, yer \u015fekilleri k\u0131sa, kal\u0131n, s\u0131k ya da ince, uzun, seyrek \u00e7izgilerle taranm\u0131\u015f olarak g\u00f6sterilir.<\/p>\n
E\u011fim artt\u0131k\u00e7a taramalar\u0131n boylar\u0131 k\u0131sal\u0131r, s\u0131kla\u015f\u0131r ve kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 artar. E\u011fimin az oldu\u011fu yerlerde ise taramalar uzar, seyrekle\u015fir ve incelir. Taraman\u0131n yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerler ise d\u00fczl\u00fckleri g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n
Tarama y\u00f6ntemi ile harita yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n zor olmas\u0131, y\u00fckselti, e\u011fim bulma gibi hesaplamalar\u0131n yap\u0131lamamas\u0131 gibi nedenlerden dolay\u0131 bu y\u00f6ntem g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kullan\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
– Renklendirme Y\u00f6ntemi<\/p>\n
E\u015fy\u00fckselti e\u011frileriyle birlikte kullan\u0131lan bu y\u00f6ntemde y\u00fckselti ve derinlik basamaklar\u0131 renklerle g\u00f6sterilir. Fiziki haritalarda y\u00fckseltiler genellikle, ye\u015fil, sar\u0131 ve kahverenginin \u00e7e\u015fitli tonlar\u0131, derinlikler ise a\u00e7\u0131ktan koyuya mavi rengin tonlar\u0131 ile g\u00f6sterilir.<\/p>\n
UYARI : Fiziki haritalarda kullan\u0131lan renkler, yer \u015fekillerini g\u00f6stermez. Y\u00fckselti ve derinlik basamaklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
– \u0130zohips (E\u015f y\u00fckselti) E\u011frisi Y\u00f6ntemi<\/p>\n
Bu y\u00f6ntemle yap\u0131lan haritalarda yer \u015fekilleri izohipsler yard\u0131m\u0131yla g\u00f6sterilir.<\/p>\n
\u0130zohips (E\u015f y\u00fckselti) E\u011frisi<\/p>\n
Deniz seviyesinden ayn\u0131 y\u00fckseklikteki noktalar\u0131 birle\u015ftiren e\u011friye e\u015f y\u00fckselti (izohips) e\u011frisi, ayn\u0131 derinlikteki noktalar\u0131 birle\u015ftiren e\u011friye e\u015f derinlik (izobath) e\u011frisi denir.<\/p>\n
\u0130zohips Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 (E\u015f Aral\u0131k)<\/p>\n
\u0130zohipsler haritalar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fine uygun olarak belirlenen y\u00fckselti aral\u0131klar\u0131 ile \u00e7izilir. Bu aral\u0131\u011fa izohips aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da e\u015f aral\u0131k denir.<\/p>\n
\u0130zohipslerin \u00d6zellikleri <\/p>\n
\u0130zohipsler i\u00e7 i\u00e7e kapal\u0131 e\u011frilerdir.
\nHer izohips, kendisinden daha y\u00fcksek izohipslerin \u00e7evresini dola\u015f\u0131r.
\nDik yama\u00e7larda izohipsler s\u0131k ge\u00e7er
\nE\u011fimin azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde izohipsler seyrek ge\u00e7er
\nDoruk nokta ya da \u00fc\u00e7gen ile g\u00f6sterilir.
\n\u00c7evresine g\u00f6re \u00e7ukurda kalan yerler yani \u00e7anaklar, i\u00e7e do\u011fru \u00e7izilen oklarla g\u00f6sterilir. <\/p>\n
UYARI : K\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7izgisinden 0 m e\u011frisi ge\u00e7er. Her e\u011fri, kendisinden daha y\u00fcksek izohipslerin \u00e7evresini dola\u015f\u0131r. \u0130zohipslerin s\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde e\u011fim artar.<\/p>\n
Haritalarda Yer \u015fekillerinin G\u00f6sterilmesi<\/p>\n
Yer \u015fekillerinin g\u00f6steriminde en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6ntem izohips y\u00f6ntemidir.<\/p>\n
\u0130zohips y\u00f6ntemi ile yap\u0131lan haritalarda izohipslerin uzan\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re, tepe, s\u0131rt, boyun, yama\u00e7, vadi, delta gibi yer \u015fekillerini harita \u00fcst\u00fcnde tan\u0131mlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Tepe : Bir doruk noktas\u0131 ve onu \u00e7evreleyen yama\u00e7lardan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
S\u0131rt : \u0130ki akarsu vadisini birbirinden ay\u0131ran ve birbirine ters y\u00f6nde e\u011fimli y\u00fczeyleri birle\u015ftiren yery\u00fcz\u00fc \u015feklidir. S\u0131rtlar\u0131n \u00fczeri d\u00fcz olabilece\u011fi gibi keskin de olabilir.<\/p>\n
Boyun : Birbirine ters y\u00f6nde a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f iki akarsu vadisinin en y\u00fcksek, iki doruk aras\u0131ndaki alan\u0131n en al\u00e7ak yerine boyun denir. Buralara bel ya da ge\u00e7it de denir.<\/p>\n
Yama\u00e7 : Yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki e\u011fimli y\u00fczeylerdir.<\/p>\n
Vadi : Akarsuyun a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u00fcrekli ini\u015fi bulunan, uzun, do\u011fal oluktur.<\/p>\n
Delta : Akarsuyun ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 maddeleri denize ya da g\u00f6le ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde biriktirmesi ile olu\u015fan yery\u00fcz\u00fc \u015feklidir.<\/p>\n
UYARI : \u0130zohipslerin “V” \u015feklini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde, a\u00e7\u0131k taraf akarsu ak\u0131\u015f y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6sterir. Akarsular\u0131n delta olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 yerlerde, izohipsler deniz veya g\u00f6l y\u00fczeyine do\u011fru \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 yapar.<\/p>\n
\u0130zohipsin “V” \u015feklini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde y\u00fckselti “V” nin a\u00e7\u0131k ucuna do\u011fru art\u0131yorsa s\u0131rt, sivri ucuna do\u011fru art\u0131yorsa vadi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Boyun olabilmesi i\u00e7in, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 iki tepe aras\u0131nda, birbirine ters y\u00f6nde uzanan iki akarsu vadisinin bulunmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
Profil \u00c7\u0131kartma<\/p>\n
Topo\u011frafya y\u00fczeyinin d\u00fc\u015fey d\u00fczlemde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara kesite topo\u011frafik profil denir.<\/p>\n
Haritalarda yery\u00fcz\u00fc ku\u015fbak\u0131\u015f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in profil, yer \u015fekillerinin yandan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakk\u0131nda bilgi verir.<\/p>\n
Profil e\u015f y\u00fckselti e\u011frisi y\u00f6ntemi ile yap\u0131lan haritalardan yararlanarak \u00e7izilir.<\/p>\n
Harita Hesaplamalar\u0131<\/p>\n
Ger\u00e7ek Uzunlu\u011fu Hesaplama<\/p>\n
Ger\u00e7ek uzunluk, di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle arazi \u00fczerindeki uzunluk,<\/p>\n
Ger\u00e7ek Uzunluk = \u00d6l\u00e7ek (Payda) * Harita Uzunlu\u011fu<\/p>\n
form\u00fcl\u00fc ile ya da do\u011fru orant\u0131 kurularak hesaplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rnek : 1 \/ 850.000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli bir haritada A – B kentleri aras\u0131 8 cm \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Buna g\u00f6re iki kent aras\u0131ndaki ku\u015f u\u00e7u\u015fu uzakl\u0131k ka\u00e7 km’dir?<\/p>\n
Orant\u0131yla \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm :<\/p>\n
\u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fe g\u00f6re, arazi \u00fczerindeki 850.000 cm haritada 1 cm g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
1 cm 850.000 cm’yi g\u00f6sterdi\u011fine g\u00f6re <\/p>\n
8 cm x cm’yi g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Haritalarda Kullan\u0131lan \u00c7izim Y\u00f6ntemleri Yery\u00fcz\u00fc \u015fekillerini harita \u00fczerine aktarmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6ntemler; – Kabartma Y\u00f6ntemi Kabartma y\u00f6ntemi ile yap\u0131lan haritalarda, y\u00fckseltiler belli oranda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclt\u00fcl\u00fcr. Yer \u015fekilleri kabart\u0131larak g\u00f6sterilir. – G\u00f6lgelendirme Y\u00f6ntemi G\u00f6lgelendirme y\u00f6nteminde, G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n yer \u015fekilleri \u00fczerine 45 derece a\u00e7\u0131 ile geldi\u011fi kabul edilerek arazi yap\u0131s\u0131 g\u00f6sterilir. Bu y\u00f6ntemde g\u00f6lgelerin a\u00e7\u0131k veya koyu olu\u015fu …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[3816,3081,2730,3813,3812,3087,3815,3107,3291,3814],"class_list":["post-1316","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-delta","tag-fiziki-haritalar","tag-gunes","tag-haritalarda-kullanilan-cizim-yontemleri","tag-haritalarda-yer-sekillerinin-gosterilmesi","tag-izohips","tag-izohipslerin-ozellikleri","tag-topografya","tag-vadi","tag-yer-sekilleri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1316","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1316"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1316\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1316"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1316"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1316"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}