\nKutuplardaki hayvanlar nas\u0131l ya\u015f\u0131yorlar?
\nB\u00fct\u00fcn memelilerin v\u00fccutlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0131s\u0131 derecesi 35 – 38 derece aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndad\u0131r. U\u00e7abilenlerde bu birka\u00e7 derece daha y\u00fcksektir, insan \u0131s\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok hassast\u0131r. Hava s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 30 derece olunca denize girer de, 5 derecede \u00fczerine palto giyer. Oysa hayvanlar\u0131n giysileri yoktur. K\u00f6pekler eksi 40 derecede kutuplarda k\u0131zak \u00e7eker, buzlu sularda bal\u0131klar \u00e7\u0131r\u0131l\u00e7\u0131plak y\u00fczerler.<\/p>\n
Asl\u0131nda \u0131s\u0131dan etkilenmek sadece insana mahsus de\u011fildir. G\u00fcne\u015fin bulut arkas\u0131na girmesi ile havadaki iki derecelik \u0131s\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc u\u00e7an sine\u011fi zor y\u00fcr\u00fcr hale getirebilir. \u00d6\u011flen g\u00fcne\u015finde z\u0131p z\u0131p z\u0131playan \u00e7ekirge, sabah serinli\u011finde hareketleri a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131\u011fm-dan \u00e7ok rahat yakalanabilir.<\/p>\n
Kendi v\u00fccut \u0131s\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u0131s\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131nda ya\u015fayabilmek i\u00e7in canl\u0131lar\u0131n iki silah\u0131 vard\u0131r. Biri v\u00fccut \u0131s\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ayarlamalar\u0131, di\u011feri de k\u00fcrk denilen v\u00fccut \u00f6rt\u00fcleridir. Kutup b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fayan bir canl\u0131, tropik b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayana nazaran on kat daha fazla \u0131s\u0131 meydana getirmek veya v\u00fccut \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc on kat daha fazla koruyucu olmak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00c7ok so\u011fuk iklimlerde ya\u015fayan hayvanlar\u0131n ya\u015fam nedenleri ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken hep k\u00fcrkleri \u00fczerinde durulmu\u015ftur. Halbuki burada ya\u015fayan hayvanlar\u0131n k\u00fcrkleri ile \u0131l\u0131man b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u015fayan hemcinslerinin k\u00fcrkleri aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok ciddi bir fark yoktur. \u00dcstelik domuzlar hi\u00e7 k\u00fcrkleri olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen deri alt\u0131 ya\u011f tabakalar\u0131 sayesinde v\u00fccut \u0131s\u0131lar\u0131ndan 20 derece daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u0131s\u0131 ortamlar\u0131ndan hi\u00e7 etkilenmezler.<\/p>\n
Zaten d\u00fcnyam\u0131zda \u00fczeri tamamen k\u00fcrkle kapl\u0131 hi\u00e7bir hayvan yoktur. \u00c7o\u011funun ayak ve burun gibi k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 g\u00f6revlerini yapabilmek i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131kta b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak buralarda v\u00fccuda s\u0131cak kan ileten atar damarlar k\u0131lcal damarlar vas\u0131tas\u0131 ile deriye daha yak\u0131n olan toplar damarlar\u0131 \u0131s\u0131t\u0131rlar. Bu sayede buzun \u00fcst\u00fcnde y\u00fcr\u00fcyen bu t\u00fcr hayvanlar\u0131n ayaklan \u00fc\u015f\u00fcmez. Ama bu da, hayvan\u0131n t\u00fcm v\u00fccudunun \u00fc\u015f\u00fcmeden bu so\u011fuk ortamda nas\u0131l ya\u015fayabildi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klayamaz.<\/p>\n
Kutuplarda, buzlu sularda ya\u015fayan bal\u0131klar\u0131n, s\u0131f\u0131r ve s\u0131f\u0131r alt\u0131 derecedeki ortamda donmamalar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131rr\u0131n\u0131n, bu bal\u0131klar\u0131n derilerindeki buz kristallerinin donma derecesini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren bir protein oldu\u011fu tespit edilmi\u015f, hatta genetik m\u00fchendisleri laboratuar ortam\u0131nda bu proteini \u00fcreten geni \u00fcretmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bilim insanlar\u0131 bu \u00f6rnekten yararlanarak, meyve a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 dondan, u\u00e7ak kanatlar\u0131n\u0131 ve yollar\u0131 buzdan kurtarabileceklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcler ama hen\u00fcz geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 \u00fcretimi zor g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ne yaz\u0131k ki, s\u0131cak kanl\u0131 hayvanlar\u0131n kendilerini \u00e7ok so\u011fuk ortama nas\u0131l adapte ettiklerinin s\u0131rr\u0131 hala tam \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f de\u011f\u0130l.<\/p>\n
YADA<\/p>\n
KUZEY KUTUP B\u00d6LGES\u0130 – ARKT\u0130KA Matematiksel bir belirlemeye g\u00f6re kutup b\u00f6lgeleri kutup d\u00f6nencelerinin alt\u0131nda ve \u00fcst\u00fcnde kalan (ve her biri 21,2 milyon km\u00b2 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde olan) yerler olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131yor. Bir ad\u0131n\u0131 da Eski Yunanca\u2019da \u201cay\u0131\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen arktos s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden alan Kuzey Kutup B\u00f6lgesi toplam 27 milyon km\u00b2\u2019lik bir alana yay\u0131l\u0131r. Bunun 9 milyon km\u2019si kara, geri kalan\u0131 denizdir.
\nSularla \u00e7evrili b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kara par\u00e7as\u0131 olan Antarktika\u2019n\u0131n tersine, Kuzey Kutbu k\u0131smen karalarla \u00e7evrili bir okyanustan olu\u015fur. Akdeniz\u2019in yakla\u015f\u0131k be\u015f kat\u0131 geni\u015fli\u011findeki Kuzey Buz Denizi, kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer yer 30 metreyi bulan ve suyun \u00fczerinde y\u00fczen buzlarla kapl\u0131d\u0131r. Ak\u0131nt\u0131lar ve r\u00fczg\u00e2r bu buz k\u00fctlelerine b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bas\u0131n\u00e7 yapar. Bu bas\u0131n\u00e7la, bazen, y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 15 metreyi bulan buz k\u00fctleleri yerinden f\u0131rlayabilir. Ba\u015fka yerlerde de buz \u00e7atlar ve birbirinden ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Suda y\u00fczen bu buz k\u00fctleleri d\u00fcz ve kaygan de\u011fildir, r\u00fczg\u00e2rlar\u0131n \u00fcst \u00fcste y\u0131\u011fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kar tepecikleriyle kapl\u0131d\u0131r. Bankizlerin (y\u00fczer buzlar) kenarlar\u0131 yaz boyunca k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve b\u00f6ylece sa\u011flam g\u00f6vdeli gemiler kendilerine k\u0131sa bir yol a\u00e7abilir.
\nKuzey Kutbu\u2019na ilk olarak 1909\u2019da buzlar \u00fczerinde k\u00f6pekleriyle yolculuk eden ABD\u2019li Robert Edwin Peary\u2019nin ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Daha sonra SSCB ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekipleri buz \u00fczerinde kamp kurarak kutup b\u00f6lgesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapt\u0131. ABD\u2019nin n\u00fckleer denizalt\u0131s\u0131 Nautilus 1958\u2019de buzlar\u0131n alt\u0131ndan Kuzey Buz Denizi\u2019ni a\u015farken, yolu \u00fczerindeki Kuzey Kutbu\u2019ndan da ge\u00e7ti.1969\u2019da Wally Herbert \u00f6nderli\u011findeki bir \u0130ngiliz ke\u015fif heyeti, Alaska\u2019dan Spitzberg\u2019e (bug\u00fcn Svalbard) buzlar \u00fczerinden giden ilk ekip oldu. Kuzey Kutbu\u2019na denizden giderek varan ilk gemi SSCB\u2019nin n\u00fckleer buzk\u0131ran\u0131 Arktika\u2019yd\u0131(1977).
\nKuzey Buz Denizi\u2019nin bir yakas\u0131nda Gr\u00f6nland, Kanada ve Alaska, \u00f6b\u00fcr yakas\u0131nda SSCB ve \u0130skandinavya yer al\u0131r. Bu deniz, Bering Bo\u011faz\u0131 ile Bering Denizi\u2019ne ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Okyanus\u2019a a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Atlas Okyanusu\u2019na ise daha geni\u015f bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131ktan ge\u00e7ilir. Gr\u00f6nland ile Kanada anakaras\u0131 aras\u0131nda Baffin Adas\u0131 ile bir\u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ada bulunur. \u0130zlanda ise, ger\u00e7ek Kuzey Kutup B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nin hemen d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yer al\u0131r.
\nKuzey Kutup B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nin topraklar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funlukla, bozk\u0131r ya da tundrad\u0131r. B\u00f6lgede 1000\u2019den fazla de\u011fi\u015fik bitki bulunur. Burada uzun yaz g\u00fcnlerinde \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcyen y\u00fczerce de\u011fi\u015fik \u00e7i\u00e7ek yeti\u015fir. Kuzey Kutup B\u00f6lgesi\u2019ndeki bitkilerin t\u00fcm\u00fc ba\u015fka so\u011fuk da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgelerde yeti\u015fenler gibi bodur de\u011fildir. B\u00f6lgenin yakla\u015f\u0131k be\u015fte birini ot yeti\u015fmeyen \u00e7\u0131plak da\u011flar kaplar.
\nBinlerce y\u0131l \u00f6nce Kuzey Kutup B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde toprak alanlar bug\u00fcnk\u00fcnden daha geni\u015fti. Bu, o d\u00f6nemde karalar\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek ya da deniz y\u00fczeyinin daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olu\u015funa ba\u011flanabilir. \u0130klim de daha \u0131l\u0131mand\u0131. Baz\u0131 yerlerde yo\u011fun bir bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc vard\u0131 ve bu bitkilerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc tropik b\u00f6lgelerdekileri and\u0131r\u0131yordu. Bu zengin bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc toprakalt\u0131nda kalarak zamanla k\u00f6m\u00fcre d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bug\u00fcn da\u011flar, \u00f6zellikle Gr\u00f6nland , b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u0131l boyunca karla \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Tundra b\u00f6lgeleri ise k\u0131\u015f\u0131n ince bir kar tabakas\u0131yla kaplan\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011fu yerlerde toprak y\u00fczeyinin hemen alt\u0131 s\u00fcrekli donmu\u015f olarak kal\u0131r. Topra\u011f\u0131n sualt\u0131nda kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7ok so\u011fuk olmayan b\u00f6lgelerde tah\u0131l ve sebze yeti\u015ftirilebildi\u011fi gibi hayvan da otlat\u0131labilir.
\nKuzey Kutup B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde, k\u00f6m\u00fcr, bak\u0131r, nikel, kalay, elmas, alt\u0131n ve petrol gibi de\u011ferli madenler vard\u0131r. Alaska, Sibirya ve Kanada\u2019n\u0131n kuzeyinde zengin petrol yataklar\u0131 bulunur. Ama boru hatlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evreye zarar vermeyecek bi\u00e7imde d\u00f6\u015femek zorunlu oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in petrol ve gaz ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 pahal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kutuplardaki hayvanlar nas\u0131l ya\u015f\u0131yorlar? B\u00fct\u00fcn memelilerin v\u00fccutlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0131s\u0131 derecesi 35 – 38 derece aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndad\u0131r. U\u00e7abilenlerde bu birka\u00e7 derece daha y\u00fcksektir, insan \u0131s\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok hassast\u0131r. Hava s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 30 derece olunca denize girer de, 5 derecede \u00fczerine palto giyer. Oysa hayvanlar\u0131n giysileri yoktur. K\u00f6pekler eksi 40 derecede kutuplarda k\u0131zak \u00e7eker, buzlu sularda bal\u0131klar \u00e7\u0131r\u0131l\u00e7\u0131plak y\u00fczerler. Asl\u0131nda …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[2107,2730,2925,3821,3822,2303],"class_list":["post-1320","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-dunya","tag-gunes","tag-iklim","tag-kutuplarda-hayat","tag-kutuplardaki-hayvanlar-nasil-yasiyorlar","tag-protein"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1320","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1320"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1320\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1320"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1320"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1320"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}