Ta\u015fk\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc<\/p>\n
T\u00dcB\u0130TAK\u2019\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ta\u015fk\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc toplam rezervi 1127 milyon ton. 1998 y\u0131l\u0131nda ta\u015f k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcretimi 2.1 milyon ton olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. \u0130htiya\u00e7 duyulan ta\u015fk\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc giderek artan miktarlarda ithal ediliyor. 1998 y\u0131l\u0131 ithalat\u0131 10 milyon ton dolay\u0131nda bulunuyor. \u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda yerli \u00fcretimde bir miktar art\u0131\u015f \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmekle birlikte h\u0131zla b\u00fcy\u00fcyen demir \u00e7elik sanayiine paralel olarak ta\u015fk\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ithalat\u0131n\u0131n giderek artmas\u0131, 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda 148 milyon ton seviyesine \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
Petrol ve do\u011falgaz<\/p>\n
Petrol, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin enerji ithalat\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli yeri tutan ve \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda da bu \u00f6nemini korumas\u0131 beklenen enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendiriliyor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 43.7 milyon ton \u00fcretilebilir petrol mevcut olup, ilave rezerv olmamas\u0131 halinde yakla\u015f\u0131k 13 y\u0131l \u00fcretim yapabilecek kapasite mevcut.
\n Do\u011falgazda ise T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 1998 y\u0131l\u0131 \u00fcretimi 565 milyon metrek\u00fcp olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Yerli \u00fcretimin yetersiz olmas\u0131 nedeniyle 1987 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren Rusya Federasyonundan do\u011falgaz ithal ediliyor. Ayr\u0131ca Marmara Ere\u011fli\u2019sinde yap\u0131lan LNG terminali A\u011fustos 1995 tarihinde i\u015fletmeye al\u0131nd\u0131. 1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda Cezayir\u2019den 3 milyar metrek\u00fcp LNG ithalat\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
Hidrolik enerji<\/p>\n
Bug\u00fcn i\u015fletmede 10 bin 306 MW kurulu g\u00fc\u00e7 bulunuyor. 1998 y\u0131l\u0131 sonu itibariyle 125 milyar kwh\/y\u0131l olan hidrolik potansiyelin halihaz\u0131rda mevcut santrallerle y\u00fczde 30\u2019u de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015f olup, 1998 y\u0131l\u0131nda hidrolik enerji \u00fcretimi 42.2 milyar kwh olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. \u0130n\u015fa halindeki t\u00fcm hidrolik santrallerinin devreye girmesi ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ekonomik potansiyelinin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 38\u2019i de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015f olacak. 2020 y\u0131l\u0131 itibariyle, ekonomik hidroelektrik potansiyel kurulu g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak y\u00fczde 84.6 ve ortalama \u00fcretim olarak y\u00fczde 83.3\u2019\u00fc de\u011ferlendirilebilecek.<\/p>\n
Biyok\u00fctle<\/p>\n
Biyok\u00fctle kaynaklar\u0131 olan odun, bitki art\u0131klar\u0131, tezek T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de uzun y\u0131llardan beri k\u0131rsal b\u00f6lgelerdeki konutlarda \u0131s\u0131tma ve yemek pi\u015firme ama\u00e7l\u0131 olarak t\u00fcketiliyor. Bu kaynaklar toplam olarak halen \u00fclkenin birincil enerji t\u00fcketiminin y\u00fczde 10\u2019unu ve konutlardaki enerji t\u00fcketiminin y\u00fczde 40\u2019\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor. Biyok\u00fctle nin sanayile\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerdeki birincil enerji t\u00fcketimindeki pay\u0131 y\u00fczde 3\u2019\u00fcn alt\u0131nda ise de, baz\u0131 \u00fclkeler biyok\u00fctle enerji kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kullan\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin Finlandiya y\u00fczde 15, \u0130sve\u00e7 y\u00fczde 9, Amerika y\u00fczde 4 oran\u0131nda biyok\u00fctleden \u00fcretilen enerjiden faydalan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Elektrik enerjisi<\/p>\n
Bug\u00fcn 21 bin 889 mw (103 milyar kwh) olan kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fcn 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda 109 bin mw (547 milyar kwh ) seviyesine y\u00fckselmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
Jeotermal enerji<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye, jeotermal enerji y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u015fansl\u0131 \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda. S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 100\u00b0C\u2019ye varan 600\u2019den fazla s\u0131cak su kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir jeotermal enerji potansiyeli. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ilk jeotermal santral\u0131 1984 y\u0131l\u0131nda, TEK taraf\u0131ndan Denizli-K\u0131z\u0131ldere\u2019 de kuruldu. 20 mw g\u00fcc\u00fcndeki bu santral \u00fcretim kuyular\u0131ndaki CaCO3 kabukla\u015fma problemine ra\u011fmen kuruldu\u011fu y\u0131ldan bu yana elektrik \u00fcretimine devam ediyor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de jeotermal enerjiye dayal\u0131 bina ve sera \u0131s\u0131tmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da h\u0131zla geli\u015fiyor. Bal\u0131kesir-G\u00f6nen, K\u00fctahya-Simav, K\u0131r\u015fehir, K\u0131z\u0131lcahamam, \u0130zmir-Bal\u00e7ova vb. alanlarda 50 binden fazla konut g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde jeotermal enerji ile \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131yor. Hava kirlili\u011fi yaratmayan bu kaynakla yap\u0131lan bina \u0131s\u0131tmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer kaynaklara oranla \u00e7ok daha ucuza mal oluyor. \u00dclke sath\u0131nda 2 bin 843 mwt olan potansiyelin toplam 250 mwt dolay\u0131ndaki b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup, bunun \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda giderek artmas\u0131 bekleniyor.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcne\u015f<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi potansiyeli a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkeye g\u00f6re \u015fansl\u0131 durumda. Ortalama y\u0131ll\u0131k toplam g\u00fcne\u015flenme s\u00fcresi 2 bin 640 saat (g\u00fcnl\u00fck toplam 7.2 saat) olup, ortalama toplam \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m \u015fiddeti metrekareye y\u0131lda bin 311 kwh (g\u00fcnl\u00fck ortalama 3,6 kWh\/m2) oldu\u011fu hesapland\u0131. En fazla g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi alan b\u00f6lge G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu olup, bunu Akdeniz B\u00f6lgesi takip ediyor. G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi teknolojileri, termal g\u00fcne\u015f sistemleri ve fotovoltaik sistemler olarak ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131yor. G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi \u0131s\u0131tma, kurutma, tuzlu suyun dam\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, yemek pi\u015firme, y\u00fczme havuzlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, so\u011futma, proses \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 sa\u011flama gibi alanlarda kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Ancak g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n en yayg\u0131n ve ekonomik olan\u0131 s\u0131cak su sistemleridir.<\/p>\n
R\u00fczgar<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de r\u00fczgar santrallerinin kurulmas\u0131 yolunda Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na Yap \u0130\u015flet Devret modeli \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde 1400-1500 MW civar\u0131nda toplam 48 adet ba\u015fvuru oldu. E\u0130E\u0130 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan r\u00fczgar enerjisi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda \u00c7anakkale Bo\u011faz\u0131 civar\u0131, Bozcaada, G\u00f6k\u00e7eada, Sinop, Band\u0131rma, Ayval\u0131k, Dikili, \u00c7e\u015fme, Bodrum, Antakya, Silifke ve Mardin y\u00f6relerinin r\u00fczgar enerjisinden yararlan\u0131labilecek alanlar oldu\u011fu tespit edildi.<\/p>\n
Hidrojen<\/p>\n
Gelece\u011fin enerjisi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan hidrojen, suyun elektrolizi veya \u0131s\u0131l par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 ya da k\u00f6m\u00fcr veya petrol \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemlerle \u00fcretilebiliyor. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ABD, Almanya, Kanada ve Rusya gibi \u00fclkelerin yans\u0131ra Uluslararas\u0131 Enerji Ajans\u0131 gibi kurulu\u015flarda ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve geli\u015ftirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na \u00f6nemli kaynaklar ay\u0131r\u0131yor. Japonya, 2020 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar hidrojen ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in 4 milyar dolar ay\u0131rd\u0131. UNIDO i\u015fbirli\u011fi ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Uluslararas\u0131 Hidrojen Enerjisi Teknolojileri Merkezi (ICHET) projesi ile hidrojen \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na ad\u0131m at\u0131lmas\u0131 hedefleniyor.<\/p>\n
N\u00fckleer enerji<\/p>\n
Son y\u0131llarda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde en \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan konular\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda da n\u00fckleer enerji geliyor. Bu nedenle n\u00fckleer santral kurma \u00e7abalar\u0131 1969 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana, 30 y\u0131ld\u0131r g\u00fcndemde olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen hen\u00fcz bir ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilemedi. Bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada 33 \u00fclkede n\u00fckleer santral mevcut. 1997 y\u0131l\u0131 itibariyle 437 \u00fcnite i\u015fletmede olup, toplam kurulu g\u00fc\u00e7 351 bin mw. N\u00fckleer elektrik \u00fcretimi ise 2 milyar mwh seviyesinde bulunuyor. Bu miktar d\u00fcnya elektrik \u00fcretimin y\u00fczde 18\u2019ini olu\u015fturuyor. 1994 y\u0131l\u0131 d\u00fcnya n\u00fckleer elektrik \u00fcretimi 470 milyon ton petrole kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k geliyor ve Suudi Arabistan\u2019\u0131n 1993 y\u0131l\u0131 petrol \u00fcretiminden fazla. Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nca yap\u0131lan projeksiyonlara g\u00f6re ilk n\u00fckleer santral\u0131n 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda, ikincisinin ise 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda i\u015fletmeye al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. 2020 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin n\u00fckleer kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fcnun 10 bin mw seviyesine ula\u015fmas\u0131 hedefleniyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ta\u015fk\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc T\u00dcB\u0130TAK\u2019\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ta\u015fk\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc toplam rezervi 1127 milyon ton. 1998 y\u0131l\u0131nda ta\u015f k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcretimi 2.1 milyon ton olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. \u0130htiya\u00e7 duyulan ta\u015fk\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc giderek artan miktarlarda ithal ediliyor. 1998 y\u0131l\u0131 ithalat\u0131 10 milyon ton dolay\u0131nda bulunuyor. \u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda yerli \u00fcretimde bir miktar art\u0131\u015f \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmekle birlikte h\u0131zla b\u00fcy\u00fcyen demir \u00e7elik sanayiine paralel olarak ta\u015fk\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[1477,3921,2209,2769,2730,2136,3920,2213,2755,2201,3134,2825,3919],"class_list":["post-1370","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-anadolu","tag-biyokutle","tag-dogalgaz","tag-elektrik-enerjisi","tag-gunes","tag-hidrojen","tag-hidrolik-enerji","tag-jeotermal-enerji","tag-nukleer-enerji","tag-petrol","tag-ruzgar","tag-taskomuru","tag-turkiyenin-kullandigi-enerji-cesitleri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1370","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1370"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1370\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1370"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1370"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1370"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}