Jeotermal Enerji Olanaklar\u0131 ve Yararlanma <\/p>\n
Ege ve Akdeniz b\u00f6lgeleri gibi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6nemli volkanik alanlar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan insanlar i\u00e7in, yer i\u00e7inden gelen \u0131s\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin, uzun s\u00fcreden beri bilinmekte oldu\u011fu kesin gibidir. Ancak, yer bilimleri, bu ilk d\u00f6nemlerinde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir yap\u0131ya sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, yer alt\u0131ndaki s\u0131cakl\u0131klar \u00fczerine g\u00fcvenilir \u00e7ok az bir bilgi vard\u0131r. Eski Yunanl\u0131lar Yeralt\u0131 D\u00fcnyas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 belirli tanr\u0131lar\u0131n ve \u00f6len ki\u015filerin ruhlar\u0131n\u0131n ikametgah\u0131 olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyi tercih etmi\u015flerdir. Di\u011fer dinler de Yeralt\u0131 D\u00fcnyas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ruhlar\u0131n cezaland\u0131rma yeri olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme e\u011filimini g\u00f6stermi\u015flerdir. Yer i\u00e7indeki \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klar \u00e7o\u011fu zaman cezan\u0131n verildi\u011fi yer olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00d6rne\u011fin; Orta\u00e7a\u011f h\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n\u0131n ve m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n cehennem kavram\u0131, budistlerin avichi kavram\u0131 bunlara \u00f6rnek olarak verilebilir. Di\u011fer yandan \u0130nkalar, k\u00f6t\u00fc insanlar\u0131n ruhlar\u0131n\u0131 yeralt\u0131ndaki so\u011fuk b\u00f6lgelerde kalarak ceza g\u00f6rece\u011fine inan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Budizm\u2019de ise so\u011fukla oldu\u011fu kadar s\u0131cakla da cezaland\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik inan\u00e7 vard\u0131. <\/p>\n
T\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada h\u0131zl\u0131 bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6steren enerji gereksiniminin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 bir s\u00fcre daha fosil yak\u0131tlar ve hidrolik enerji ile kar\u015f\u0131lanabilecektir. Fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n k\u0131sa bir d\u00f6nemde t\u00fckenebilece\u011fi ve bir s\u00fcre sonra bunlar\u0131n yerini yeni enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n almas\u0131 beklenmektedir.Yap\u0131lan enerji kongrelerinde belirlenen sonu\u00e7lara g\u00f6re; t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya \u00fclkeleri yeni enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirmesine \u00f6zen g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu yeni enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemlilerinden biri de jeotermal enerjidir <\/p>\n
Jeotermal enerjinin \u00f6nemi ancak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde yeni yeni anla\u015f\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan bir kavramd\u0131r. En geni\u015f anlam\u0131yla Yerk\u00fcre\u2019nin do\u011fal \u0131s\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r <\/p>\n
Jeotermal enerji yerkabu\u011funun i\u015fletilebilir derinliklerinde ola\u011fan d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olarak birikmi\u015f \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bir enerji t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu \u0131s\u0131 yery\u00fcz\u00fcne do\u011fal olarak s\u0131caksu kaynaklar\u0131 ve buhar \u015feklinde veya sondajlarla \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan s\u0131caksu, s\u0131caksu + buhar ve buhar \u015feklinde ula\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Do\u011frudan veya ba\u015fka enerji t\u00fcrlerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclerek de ekonomik olarak kullan\u0131labilir <\/p>\n
Yerin derinliklerinde varolan bu \u0131s\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131 hen\u00fcz so\u011fumam\u0131\u015f bir ma\u011fma k\u00fctlesi veya gen\u00e7 volkanizmayla ilgilidir. Yeralt\u0131na s\u0131zan meteorik sular, burada g\u00f6zenekli ve ge\u00e7irimli \u00f6zelllikleri bulunan hazne kayalarda toplan\u0131r. Hazne kayalar \u00fczerinde ge\u00e7irimsiz \u00f6rt\u00fc kaya vard\u0131r. Is\u0131 bu \u015fekilde yerkabu\u011funun k\u0131r\u0131k ve \u00e7atlaklar\u0131 boyunca dola\u015fan sularla yery\u00fcz\u00fcne aktar\u0131labildi\u011finden, hidrotermal sistemler s\u00f6zkonusu olur. Yerkabu\u011fu i\u00e7inde do\u011fal su dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131na izin verecek nitelikte k\u0131r\u0131k yoksa ve yine de \u0131s\u0131 birikimi varsa olu\u015fturulacak yapay k\u0131r\u0131klar i\u00e7inde dola\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak ak\u0131\u015fkanlarla yine enerji elde edilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu sistemlere k\u0131zg\u0131n kuru kaya denmektedir <\/p>\n
Jeotermal kaynaklar ak\u0131\u015fkanlar\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131na ve ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 \u0131s\u0131 enerjisine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck entalpili (ak\u0131\u015fkan s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 160 \u00b0C\u2019den k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck), orta entalpili (ak\u0131\u015fkan s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 160 \u00b0C – 190 \u00b0C aras\u0131nda), y\u00fcksek entalpili (ak\u0131\u015fkan s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 190 \u00b0C\u2019den b\u00fcy\u00fck) olarak ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131rlar. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve orta entalpili kaynaklar \u00f6zellikle \u0131s\u0131tma ama\u00e7l\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar. Orta entalpili jeotermal ak\u0131\u015fkan\u0131n elektrik enerjisi \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in yeni teknolojilerin kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck entalpili ak\u0131\u015fkanlar\u0131n kapl\u0131ca-termalizm uygulamalar\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. Y\u00fcksek entalpili ak\u0131\u015fkanlar ise; elektrik \u00fcretimi ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 entegre di\u011fer i\u015flerde kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar <\/p>\n
Tarihsel \u00e7a\u011flarda sadece sa\u011fl\u0131k amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lan jeotermal enerjiden ilk olarak 1904 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130talya\u2019da elektrik \u00fcretimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. D\u00fcnyada son y\u0131llarda jeotermal enerji kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ok geli\u015fmi\u015f 1981 verilerine g\u00f6re elektrik \u00fcretimi 2462 MW\u2019a ve end\u00fcstriyel uygulamalar ve \u0131s\u0131tmac\u0131l\u0131kta 6298 termal MW\u2019a ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00dclkemizde 1962 y\u0131l\u0131nda MTA Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015flat\u0131lan jeotermal enerji aramalar\u0131 ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00f6nemli bir Jeotermal enerji ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu ve bir \u00e7ok jeotermal alan\u0131n bulundu\u011fu belirlenmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda, jeoloji, jeofizik, jeokimya, jeomorfoloji, sondaj ve \u00e7e\u015fitli test y\u00f6ntemleri uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Denizli K\u0131z\u0131dere Jeotermal alan\u0131 UNDP (Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milleteler Geli\u015ftirme Program\u0131) ile ortak proje sonunda ilk geli\u015ftirilen alan\u0131m\u0131z olmu\u015ftur <\/p>\n
D\u00fcnya Rezervleri<\/p>\n
Yerin merkezindeki \u0131s\u0131 enerjisi, k\u00f6t\u00fc bir iletken olan yerkabu\u011fundan gayet yava\u015f bir kond\u00fcksiyonla yery\u00fcz\u00fcne do\u011fru akmaktad\u0131r. Bu yava\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ra\u011fmen d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her y\u0131l \u0131s\u0131s\u0131ndan 250×105 kcal kadar\u0131n\u0131 bu yolla kaybetti\u011fi tahmin edilmektedir. Kaybedilen bu \u0131s\u0131 enerjisinin 35.7 milyar ton ta\u015fk\u00f6m\u00fcre e\u015fde\u011fer oldu\u011fu bu miktar\u0131n ise d\u00fcnyan\u0131n y\u0131ll\u0131k enerji \u00fcretiminin 5-7 kat\u0131 d\u00fczeyinde oldu\u011fu hesaplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r <\/p>\n
Di\u011fer yandan d\u00fcnyadaki toplam jeotermal enerji potansiyelinin 5×1020 ton ta\u015fk\u00f6m\u00fcre e\u015fde\u011fer oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir. Ancak bug\u00fcn i\u00e7in ekonomik bak\u0131mdan i\u015fletilebilir maksimum derinlik olan 3 km i\u00e7erisinde yerkabu\u011fu bu potansiyelin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7erir. D\u00fcnya jeotermal ak\u0131\u015fkan\u0131ndan elde edilebilecek toplam enerji miktar\u0131n\u0131n 1980-2050 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in en az 100 milyon ton k\u00f6m\u00fcre e\u015fde\u011fer olaca\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir (\u015eim\u015fek ve di\u011f., 1981).<\/p>\n
Jeotermal Enerjinin Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/p>\n
Yery\u00fcz\u00fcne ula\u015fan (sondajlarla veya do\u011fal olarak) buhar ve s\u0131caksuyun i\u00e7erdi\u011fi enerjiden ya do\u011frudan \u0131s\u0131tma ya da ba\u015fka enerji t\u00fcrlerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclerek yararlan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bunlar
\n 1) Elektrik Enerjisi \u00dcretimi
\n 2) Is\u0131tma
\n a) Seralar\u0131n Is\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131
\n b) Tropikal Bitki Yeti\u015ftirme
\n c) Binalar\u0131 ve Kentleri Merkezi Is\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 ve S\u0131cak Su Kullan\u0131m\u0131
\n d) Toprak, cadde vb. \u0131s\u0131tma
\n e) Havaalan\u0131 Pistlerini Is\u0131tma
\n f) Y\u00fczme havuzu, Fizik tedavi vb. Is\u0131tma
\n 3) \u00c7e\u015fitli End\u00fcstriyel Uygulamalar
\n olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
Jeotermal enerji, yerkabu\u011funun \u00e7e\u015fitli derinliklerinde ola\u011fand\u0131\u015f\u0131 birikmi\u015f \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bir enerji t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu \u0131s\u0131 yery\u00fcz\u00fcne do\u011fal olarak s\u0131caksu kayna\u011f\u0131 ve buhar veya sondajlarla s\u0131caksu, s\u0131caks\u0131z-buhar ve buhar \u015feklinde ula\u015fmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
1962 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana M.T.A. Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcnce yap\u0131lan Jeoloji, Jeofizik, Jeokimya, Jeomorfoloji, sondaj ve test \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 sonunda T\u00fcrkiye’nin jeotermal enerji olanaklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok zengin \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u0130lk uygulama olarak Denizli-K\u0131z\u0131ldere’de 500 kW\u2019l\u0131k pilot t\u00fcrbin ve 3000 m lik pilot sera \u0131s\u0131tmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar vermi\u015f, 20 MW\u2019l\u0131k elektrik \u00fcretim santral\u0131 TEK taraf\u0131ndan kurulmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f ve 1982de \u00fcretime ge\u00e7mesi planlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131s\u0131ra her birinin kapasitesi en az K\u0131z\u0131ldere’ninki kadar oldu\u011fu saptanan yakla\u015f\u0131k 15 jeotermal alan\u0131n sondaj a\u015famas\u0131na gelinceye kadar t\u00fcm et\u00fcdleri yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Eldeki verilerle yap\u0131lan bir envanter \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na g\u00f6re; en az toplam 4500 MW kapasiteli elektrik \u00fcretim santral\u0131n\u0131n kurulup i\u015fletilebilece\u011fi saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kapasite haller\u0131 \u00fclkemizde elektrik \u00fcretimi yapan t\u00fcm santrallar\u0131n toplam kapasitesine e\u015fde\u011ferdir. Elektrik \u00fcretiminin yan\u0131s\u0131ra do\u011frudan \u0131s\u0131 enerjisi \u015feklinde kullan\u0131mda (kent \u0131s\u0131tmas\u0131, tar\u0131msal yada end\u00fcstriyel uygulamada) ise yine en az 31100 termal MWl\u0131k bir enerji sa\u011flanabilece\u011fi hesaplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu enerji ile 150.000 d\u00f6n\u00fcm yerin \u0131s\u0131t\u0131labilece\u011fi, 6.000.000 ton \u00fcr\u00fcn elde edilebilece\u011fi ve \u00fclke ekonomisine \u00f6nemli bir katk\u0131da bulunabilece\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r <\/p>\n
Jeotermal enerjinin maliyetinde % 50-80 oran\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn, t\u00fckenmezli\u011fin, yenilenebilirli\u011fin, devreye girme \u00e7abuklu\u011funun ve yurdumuz d\u00fczeyindeki olumlu da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra ulusal enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikle elektrik d\u0131\u015f\u0131 uygulamalarda;,ulusal teknolojinin yeterli olabilmesi, T\u00fcrkiyenin bu yeni enerji kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve i\u015fletilmesine ne denli \u00f6nem vermesi gerekti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Jeotermal enerji artan enerji gereksinimimiz ve gelece\u011fimiz i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir enerji potansiyelidir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Jeotermal Enerji Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na Y\u00f6nelik Jeofizik \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar:<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye Jeotermal Enerji y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u015fansl\u0131 \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Aktif faylarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 grabenler ve yayg\u0131n gen\u00e7 volkanizmaya ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak do\u011fal buhar\u0131n, hidrotermal alterasyonlar\u0131n ve s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer yer 100 \u00b0C\u2019ye ula\u015fan 600\u2019den fazla s\u0131cak su kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunu\u015fu T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00f6nemli jetermal potansiyele sahip oldu\u011funun bir kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r <\/p>\n
1962 y\u0131l\u0131nda MTA Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan bir s\u0131caksu envanter \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 olarak ba\u015flat\u0131lan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin jeotermal enerji ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda, jeoloji, jeofizik, jeokimya, jeomorfoloji, sondaj test ve pilot jeotermal santral yap\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 konusunda olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli deneyimler kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Jeofizik olarak; gravite, \u00f6zdiren\u00e7, ma\u011fnetik ve sismik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla makro ve mikro tektonik hatlar, \u00fcretime elveri\u015fli rezervuarlar\u0131n bulunabilece\u011fi saha s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ve yakla\u015f\u0131k derinlikler belirlenmektedir. 1981\u2019e kadar 35050 km2 gravite, 2301 nokta ve 1598 km2 \u00f6zdiren\u00e7 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Uygulanan t\u00fcm jeofizik anomaliler \u00fczerinde gradyan sondaj yerleri se\u00e7ilmektedir. Gradyan sondajlar\u0131, derinlikleri 60-120 m aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen ve belirlenen saha s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fiminin bulunmas\u0131 nedeniyle yap\u0131lan s\u0131\u011f sondajlard\u0131r. Bu arada eldeki verilerle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bir \u0131s\u0131 ak\u0131s\u0131 haritas\u0131 haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015famlarla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6nemli jeotermal alanlar\u0131 belirlenmi\u015ftir:
\n \u2022 Denizli K\u0131z\u0131ldere Jeoermal Alan\u0131
\n \u2022 Ayd\u0131n Germencik S\u00f6ke Jeotermal Alan\u0131
\n \u2022 \u00c7ankkale Tuzla Jeotermal Alan\u0131
\n \u2022 \u0130zmir Seferihisar Jeotermal Alan\u0131
\n \u2022 \u0130zmir Agamemnun Jeotermal Alan\u0131
\n \u2022 Afyon Gecek Jeotermal Alan\u0131
\n \u2022 Nev\u015fehir Ac\u0131g\u00f6l Jeotermal Alan\u0131
\n \u2022 Ve di\u011fer jeotermal alanlar
\n Bug\u00fcne kadar bulunan jeotermal alanlar\u0131n % 95\u2019i \u0131s\u0131tma ama\u00e7l\u0131 uygulamalara uygun s\u0131cakl\u0131kta olup 30 \u00b0C\u2019nin \u00fczerinde toplam 140 jeotermal alan T\u00fcrkiye sath\u0131na da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte, \u00e7o\u011fu Bat\u0131, kuzeybat\u0131 ve Orta Anadolu\u2019da toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r <\/p>\n
Ayd\u0131n Germencik S\u00f6ke Jeotermal Alan\u0131, Denizli K\u0131z\u0131ldere Jeoermal Alan\u0131 ve Nev\u015fehir Ac\u0131g\u00f6l Jeotermal Alan\u0131 kuyu s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6re y\u00fcksek entalpili alanlar olup \u00f6zellikle elektrik \u00fcretimi ve entengre \u0131s\u0131tma i\u00e7in uygundur. <\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yeteri kadar jeotermal kuyu a\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 140 jeotermal alana kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131lan kuyu say\u0131s\u0131 200 olup d\u00fcnya standartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re olduk\u00e7a azd\u0131r. Bu potansiyelin ortaya konulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in daha \u00e7ok kuyu a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Aramalar\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi ile jeotermal potansiyelde \u00f6nemli art\u0131\u015flar beklenmektedir <\/p>\n
Jeotermal Enerjinin \u00dcst\u00fcnl\u00fckleri<\/p>\n
Yerli enerji kaynaklar\u0131m\u0131zdan olan jeotermal enerjinin yurdumuzun i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu enerji darbo\u011faz\u0131 da g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, enerji a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131nda petrole olan ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131nda ve d\u00f6viz kayb\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Jeotermal enerji hidrolik, g\u00fcne\u015f, r\u00fczgar vb gibi t\u00fckenmez enerji gurubundand\u0131r.Bu nedenle er ya da ge\u00e7 t\u00fckenirli\u011fi olan k\u00f6m\u00fcr, petrol do\u011fal gaz, bit\u00fcml\u00fc \u015fist, n\u00fckleer enerji kaynaklar\u0131na oranla \u00e7ok uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fcd\u00fcr <\/p>\n
Jeotermal enerjinin maliyeti gerek elektrik \u00fcretiminde, gerekse \u0131s\u0131tma y\u00f6n\u00fcnden di\u011fer kaynaklardan \u00fcretilen enerji maliyetine oranla %50-80 daha ucuzdur. Bu oran g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e artmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Fosil ve n\u00fckleer kaynakl\u0131 enerji \u00fcretimlerine k\u0131yasla \u00e7ok daha az ve genellikle kabul edilebilir s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7erisinde kalan bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00e7evre sorunlar\u0131na neden olur. Jeotermal enerjide \u00f6zellikle elektrik d\u0131\u015f\u0131 uygulamalarda ulusal teknoloji kolayl\u0131kla geli\u015ftirilebilir.Genellikle elektrik a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n fazla oldu\u011fu Bat\u0131 ve Kuzeybat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da y\u00fcksek entalpili elektrik \u00fcretimine elveri\u015fli kaynaklar, Orta ve Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da ise \u0131s\u0131tma amc\u0131yla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck entalpili kaynaklar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Arama sondajlar\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fcretim sondaj\u0131 olabildi\u011finden uygulamaya ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcresi k\u0131sad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Jeotermal enerjinin yenilenebilirli\u011fi, t\u00fckenmezli\u011fi ve bunlara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak maliyetinin di\u011fer enerji t\u00fcrlerine g\u00f6re %50-70 oran\u0131nda ucuz olmas\u0131, devreye girme \u00e7abuklu\u011fu, \u00fclkemiz d\u00fczeyinde olumlu da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, ulusal enerji kayna\u011f\u0131m\u0131z olmas\u0131, \u00f6zellikle elektrik d\u0131\u015f\u0131 uygulamalarda ulusal teknolojinin yeterlili\u011fi di\u011fer enerji kaynaklar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00f6nemini g\u00f6stermektedir <\/p>\n
SONU\u00c7LAR<\/p>\n
\u0130nsano\u011flu etkinlikleri ile do\u011fal \u00e7evreyi s\u00fcrekli etkilemekte ve kirletmektedir. Enerji alan\u0131nda bu etki en y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeylere ula\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Enerji, do\u011fa taraf\u0131nda insano\u011fluna sunulan yap\u0131s\u0131 gere\u011fi kirlilik yada temizlilik gibi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerle nitelendirilemeyen bir \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahiptir. Enerjiyi kirli ya da temiz yapan \u015fey kullan\u0131lan \u00fcretim teknolojisidir. Enerji politikalar\u0131 \u201ctemiz \u00fcretim\u201d baz al\u0131narak hi\u00e7 bir enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsenmeden olu\u015fturulmal\u0131 ve hayata ge\u00e7irilmelidir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yeni ve yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131 kullan\u0131ma sokulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu hem artan ithal enerji y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn azalt\u0131lmas\u0131, hem de enerji ve \u00e7evre sorununa s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik ilkesi ile yakla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. Bu ba\u011flamda jeotermal enerji, g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi, r\u00fczgar enerjisi ve modern biomas enerjilerinin kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n bilimsel ve teknik y\u00f6ntemlerle do\u011fru belirlenmesi konusunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar geli\u015ftirilmeli ve insan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n hizmetine sunumu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmelidir. Jeofizik ve jeolojik \u00f6zellikleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye jeotermal enerji zenginli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n say\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda olup bu enerjinin ba\u015fta \u0131s\u0131tma ve elektrik ama\u00e7l\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 geli\u015ftirmelidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Jeotermal Enerji Olanaklar\u0131 ve Yararlanma Ege ve Akdeniz b\u00f6lgeleri gibi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6nemli volkanik alanlar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan insanlar i\u00e7in, yer i\u00e7inden gelen \u0131s\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin, uzun s\u00fcreden beri bilinmekte oldu\u011fu kesin gibidir. Ancak, yer bilimleri, bu ilk d\u00f6nemlerinde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir yap\u0131ya sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, yer alt\u0131ndaki s\u0131cakl\u0131klar \u00fczerine g\u00fcvenilir \u00e7ok az bir bilgi vard\u0131r. Eski Yunanl\u0131lar Yeralt\u0131 D\u00fcnyas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 belirli …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[2921,3932,2107,3650,2730,3920,3875,2213,3933,3935,1622,3934,2964,2963],"class_list":["post-1381","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-akdeniz","tag-birlesmis-milleteler","tag-dunya","tag-ege","tag-gunes","tag-hidrolik-enerji","tag-jeofizik","tag-jeotermal-enerji","tag-jeotermal-enerjinin-kullanimi","tag-jeotermal-enerjinin-ustunlukleri","tag-ortacag","tag-tropikal-bitki","tag-volkanizma","tag-yerkabugu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1381","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1381"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1381\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1381"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1381"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1381"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}