T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de N\u00fcfus
\n \u00dclkemizdeki n\u00fcfusun say\u0131s\u0131 ve n\u00fcfusla ilgili veriler yap\u0131lan n\u00fcfus say\u0131mlar\u0131 ile elde edilir. Bu say\u0131mlar sonucunda, toplam n\u00fcfus, n\u00fcfusun ya\u015f gruplar\u0131na ve cinsiyete g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, okur yazar oran\u0131, e\u011fitilmi\u015f n\u00fcfus durumu, i\u015fsiz say\u0131s\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan n\u00fcfusun i\u015f kollar\u0131na g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, k\u00f6y ve kent n\u00fcfus say\u0131lar\u0131 belirlenir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ilk d\u00fczenli n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 1927\u2019de, ikinci n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 ise 1935\u2019te yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sonra 5 ve 0 ile biten y\u0131llarda n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 yinelenmi\u015ftir. En son n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 1990\u2019da yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve daha sonraki say\u0131mlar\u0131n 10 y\u0131lda bir yap\u0131lmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Y\u0131llara G\u00f6re N\u00fcfus Say\u0131mlar\u0131 ve Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 <\/p>\n
1927-1990 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye n\u00fcfusu 43 milyon ki\u015fi artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nEn d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 (% 10,5). 1940-1945 aras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu durumun nedeni II. D\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131d\u0131r.
\nN\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n en fazla oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nem 1955-1960 aras\u0131d\u0131r. Nedeni sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131.
\n1960-1965 aras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde bir \u00f6nceki d\u00f6neme g\u00f6re n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131nda azalma g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Nedeni yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na yap\u0131lan i\u015f\u00e7i g\u00f6\u00e7leridir.
\n1985\u2019ten itibaren n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli olarak azalma g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Do\u011fal N\u00fcfus Art\u0131\u015f H\u0131z\u0131 (Do\u011furganl\u0131k H\u0131z\u0131)<\/p>\n
Bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde, do\u011fum ve \u00f6l\u00fcm say\u0131s\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131na do\u011fal n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131 h\u0131z\u0131 ya da do\u011furganl\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131 denir. Do\u011furganl\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131, e\u011fitime, k\u00fclt\u00fcre ve ekonomik geli\u015fime ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fir.
\nT\u00fcrkiye genelinde k\u0131rsal kesimde do\u011furganl\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131 fazlad\u0131r.
\nDo\u011furganl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en az oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgeler Marmara ve K\u0131y\u0131 Ege, en fazla oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgeler, Do\u011fu Anadolu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu\u2019dur.<\/p>\n
Do\u011furganl\u0131k H\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/p>\n
Do\u011furganl\u0131\u011f\u0131n fazla oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerden ve k\u0131rsal kesimlerden i\u015f olanaklar\u0131n\u0131n fazla oldu\u011fu geli\u015fmi\u015f b\u00f6lge ve kentlere g\u00f6\u00e7ler olur. G\u00f6\u00e7ler nedeniyle n\u00fcfusun b\u00f6lgeler aras\u0131 da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m dengesi ve cinsiyet dengesi bozulur.
\nDo\u011furganl\u0131k artt\u0131k\u00e7a i\u00e7 t\u00fcketim artar, hammadde kaynaklar\u0131 h\u0131zla t\u00fckenir, i\u015f, e\u011fitim, sa\u011fl\u0131k, beslenme, bar\u0131nma gibi temel ihtiya\u00e7lar kar\u015f\u0131lanamaz.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de G\u00f6\u00e7lerin Nedenleri<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 1850\u2019den itibaren k\u0131rsal kesimden kentlere do\u011fru h\u0131zl\u0131 bir i\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki g\u00f6\u00e7lerin nedenleri \u015funlard\u0131r.
\nK\u0131rsal kesimdeki h\u0131zl\u0131 n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131
\nTar\u0131m arazisinin miras yoluyla par\u00e7alan\u0131p k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmesi
\nTar\u0131mda makinele\u015fmenin ba\u015flamas\u0131yla olu\u015fan i\u015fsizlik.
\nVerimli tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131.
\nKan davalar\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenlik sorunu.
\nKentlerin i\u015f, e\u011fitim ve sa\u011fl\u0131k bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7ekicili\u011fi.
\n\u0130\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7lerin h\u0131zla artmas\u0131, bir \u00e7ok sorunu da beraberinde getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
UYARI : i\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7ler sonucu n\u00fcfus, \u00fclke s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde yer de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in toplam n\u00fcfusta artma ya da eksilme olmaz. N\u00fcfusun da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m dengesi ve cinsiyet dengesi, b\u00f6lgeden b\u00f6lgeye de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de G\u00f6\u00e7lerin Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131
\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de n\u00fcfusun da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda, iklim, yer \u015fekilleri, ula\u015f\u0131m, tar\u0131m olanaklar\u0131, end\u00fcstri, madenler gibi do\u011fal ve ekonomik ko\u015fullar\u0131n etkisi vard\u0131r. Bu ko\u015fullar\u0131n elveri\u015fli oldu\u011fu yerler s\u0131k n\u00fcfuslanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Arazinin da\u011fl\u0131k ve engebeli oldu\u011fu, tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n az bulundu\u011fu, \u00f6nemli yollar\u0131n uza\u011f\u0131nda kalan, end\u00fcstri ve ticaretin geli\u015fmedi\u011fi yerler ise seyrek n\u00fcfuslanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de N\u00fcfus Yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/p>\n
Belli bir alanda ya\u015fayan n\u00fcfusun o alan\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcne oran\u0131d\u0131r. Ki\u015fi\/km2 olarak g\u00f6sterilir. N\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu 3 farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ifade edilir.<\/p>\n
Aritmetik N\u00fcfus Yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/p>\n
Bir b\u00f6lgenin veya \u00fclkenin toplam n\u00fcfusunun b\u00f6lgenin y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcne b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesiyle elde edilen n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fudur.
\nToplam N\u00fcfus
\nAritmetik N\u00fcfus Yo\u011funlu\u011fu = Y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc<\/p>\n
form\u00fcl\u00fc ile hesaplan\u0131r.
\n\u00dclkemizde 1990 y\u0131l\u0131 say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re km2\u2019ye 73 ki\u015fi d\u00fc\u015fer. Alan\u0131n geni\u015fli\u011fine ve n\u00fcfusun fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fen aritmetik n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu illere ve b\u00f6lgelere g\u00f6re farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
\u0130llere G\u00f6re N\u00fcfus Yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/p>\n
Aritmetik n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu en fazla olan ilimiz \u0130stanbul, en az olan ilimiz G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane\u2019dir. \u0130llerin n\u00fcfus yo\u011funluklar\u0131 turizme ve tar\u0131msal faaliyete ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak mevsime g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. \u00d6rne\u011fin yaz mevsiminde Antalya\u2019n\u0131n n\u00fcfusu turizm nedeniyle artarken, Adana\u2019n\u0131n n\u00fcfusu \u00c7ukurova\u2019ya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in gelen i\u015f\u00e7iler nedeniyle artmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
B\u00f6lgelere G\u00f6re N\u00fcfus Yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/p>\n
Aritmetik n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu en fazla olan b\u00f6lgemiz i\u015f olanaklar\u0131n\u0131n fazla oldu\u011fu Marmara, en az olan b\u00f6lgemiz ise do\u011fal ve ekonomik ko\u015fullar\u0131n olumsuzlu\u011fu nedeniyle Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019dur. Ayr\u0131ca b\u00f6lgenin y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn geni\u015f olmas\u0131 da n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011funun az olmas\u0131nda etkilidir.<\/p>\n
UYARI : Aritmetik n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu hesaplan\u0131rken T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ger\u00e7ek alan\u0131 (814.578 km2) de\u011fil g\u00f6l y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerinin kat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 izd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm alan\u0131 (774.814 km2) dikkate al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin g\u00f6l y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerinin dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 izd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm alan\u0131 ise 779.452 km2\u2019dir.<\/p>\n
Tar\u0131msal N\u00fcfus Yo\u011funlu\u011fu <\/p>\n
Tar\u0131msal n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu, tar\u0131mla ge\u00e7inen n\u00fcfusun tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcne b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesiyle elde edilen n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fudur.
\n K\u0131rsal N\u00fcfus
\nTar\u0131msal N\u00fcfus Yo\u011funlu\u011fu = Tar\u0131m Alanlar\u0131
\nform\u00fcl\u00fc ile hesaplan\u0131r.
\nTar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n az, sulama olanaklar\u0131 ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n fazla oldu\u011fu yerlerde tar\u0131msal n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu fazlad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin Do\u011fu Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 ile Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da tar\u0131msal yo\u011funluk 500 ki\u015fiyi bulurken, tar\u0131m arazisinin geni\u015f oldu\u011fu \u0130\u00e7 ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu ile end\u00fcstrile\u015fme ve kentle\u015fme oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu Marmara\u2019da \u00e7ok azd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Fizyolojik N\u00fcfus Yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/p>\n
Bir \u00fclkenin toplam n\u00fcfusunun tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcne b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesiyle elde edilen n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fudur.
\nToplam N\u00fcfus
\nFizyolojik Yo\u011funluk = Tar\u0131m Alanlar\u0131
\nform\u00fcl\u00fc ile hesaplan\u0131r.
\n\u00dclkemizde 1990 y\u0131l\u0131 say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re km2\u2019ye 197 ki\u015fi d\u00fc\u015fer. Ancak bu yo\u011funluk n\u00fcfusun tamam\u0131n\u0131 tar\u0131ml\u0131 ge\u00e7iniyor kabul etti\u011fi i\u00e7in sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 g\u00fcvenilir de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de N\u00fcfusun Yap\u0131s\u0131<\/p>\n
N\u00fcfusun say\u0131s\u0131 ve yo\u011funlu\u011fundan daha \u00f6nemli olan n\u00fcfusun yap\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde T\u00fcrkiye n\u00fcfusunun ya\u015f gruplar\u0131na da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, cinsiyet \u00f6zellikleri ve e\u011fitim durumu ile etkin (\u00e7al\u0131\u015fan) n\u00fcfusun sekt\u00f6rlere da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 incelenecektir.<\/p>\n
N\u00fcfusun Ya\u015f Gruplar\u0131na ve Cinsiyete G\u00f6re Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/p>\n
N\u00fcfusun yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zellik ya\u015f gruplar\u0131 ve cinsiyet da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ya\u015f Gruplar\u0131n G\u00f6re Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de toplam n\u00fcfusun %50 si 20 ya\u015f\u0131n alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Yani \u00fclkemiz gen\u00e7 n\u00fcfusludur.
\nN\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 y\u00fcksektir. Bu durum temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 konusunda sorunlar yarat\u0131r.
\nT\u00fcketici n\u00fcfus fazla, \u00fcretken n\u00fcfus azd\u0131r. Bu nedenle ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k oran\u0131 y\u00fcksektir.
\nOkul \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki n\u00fcfus fazlad\u0131r.
\nOrtalama insan \u00f6mr\u00fc k\u0131sad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Cinsiyete G\u00f6re Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m<\/p>\n
\u00dclkemizde kad\u0131n erkek say\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda genel bir denge vard\u0131r. N\u00fcfusun bu cinsiyet dengesi g\u00f6\u00e7lerle de\u011fi\u015fir. G\u00f6\u00e7 veren b\u00f6lgelerde kad\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131, g\u00f6\u00e7 alan b\u00f6lgelerde erkek say\u0131s\u0131 daha fazlad\u0131r. \u00c7ok g\u00f6\u00e7 veren iller aras\u0131nda bulunan ve bu nedenle devaml\u0131 olarak kad\u0131n n\u00fcfus fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan Rize, Trabzon, G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane ve Giresun bu konu i\u00e7in iyi birer \u00f6rnektir.<\/p>\n
UYARI : T\u00fcrkiye, n\u00fcfusun ya\u015f gruplar\u0131na g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ve n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan geri kalm\u0131\u015f \u00fclkelere benzer \u00f6zellikler ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
N\u00fcfusun E\u011fitim Durumu<\/p>\n
Bir \u00fclkenin geli\u015fmi\u015flik d\u00fczeyini saptarken e\u011fitim en temel \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctt\u00fcr. \u00dclkemizde okur yazarl\u0131k oran\u0131 gittik\u00e7e artmakla birlikte, hala istenen d\u00fczeyde de\u011fildir. Buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak gazete, dergi ve kitap t\u00fcketimi geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerdeki d\u00fczeyin \u00e7ok alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. N\u00fcfusun, %46,1\u2019ini ilkokul, %7,4\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc ortaokul, %7,8\u2019ini lise ve %3,2\u2019sini y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011frenim d\u00fczeyinde e\u011fitim alanlar olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Hi\u00e7 e\u011fitim almam\u0131\u015f olanlar %19,6, okula gitmemi\u015f okuryazarlar ise % 15,9\u2019dur. K\u0131rsal kesimde i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcne duyulan ihtiya\u00e7 nedeniyle \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n okula g\u00f6nderilememesi, k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitimine \u00f6nem verilmemesi ve okulla\u015fma oran\u0131n\u0131n yetersizli\u011fi e\u011fitimin istenen d\u00fczeye gelmesini engellemektedir.<\/p>\n
Etkin N\u00fcfusun Sekt\u00f6rlere Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/p>\n
1990 y\u0131l\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re etkin n\u00fcfusumuz 23,3 milyon ki\u015fidir. Bu n\u00fcfusun sekt\u00f6rlere da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ise \u015f\u00f6yledir. Tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan 12 milyon 118 bin ki\u015fi etkin n\u00fcfusun %49\u2019unu, End\u00fcstri sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan 2 milyon 910 bin ki\u015fi etkin n\u00fcfusun %15,2\u2019sini, Hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan 7 milyon 919 bin ki\u015fi etkin n\u00fcfusun %35,8\u2019ini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Yerle\u015fmeler<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yerle\u015fmeler ekonomik etkinli\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
S\u00fcrekli Yerle\u015fmeler
\nGe\u00e7ici Yerle\u015fmeler<\/p>\n
S\u00fcrekli Yerle\u015fmeler<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de s\u00fcrekli yerle\u015fmeler ekonomik etkinliklerine ve idari yap\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re grupland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kent Yerle\u015fmeleri
\nK\u0131r Yerle\u015fmeleri<\/p>\n
Kent Yerle\u015fmeleri<\/p>\n
N\u00fcfusu 10.000\u2019in \u00fczerinde olan, kaymakam veya vali taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen, i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn belirgin, t\u00fcketici n\u00fcfusun fazla, ekonomik faaliyetin end\u00fcstri, ticaret, turizm vb. oldu\u011fu yerle\u015fim merkezleridir. Kentler, i\u015f olanaklar\u0131n\u0131n daha fazla olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, k\u0131rsal kesimden s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6\u00e7 alarak b\u00fcy\u00fcmektedir. Buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de h\u0131zl\u0131 bir kentle\u015fme s\u00fcreci devam etmektedir. 1990 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re toplam n\u00fcfusun 33,8 milyonu (% 59,1) kentlerde ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
K\u0131r Yerle\u015fmeleri <\/p>\n
N\u00fcfusu 2000\u2019den az olan, muhtar taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen, \u00fcretici n\u00fcfusun fazla oldu\u011fu, i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn belirgin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ekonomik faaliyetin tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa dayal\u0131 oldu\u011fu, konutlarda yap\u0131 malzemesinin do\u011fadan temin edildi\u011fi yerle\u015fmelerdir. Yerle\u015fmeler arazinin yap\u0131s\u0131 ve su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fine g\u00f6re ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Toplu K\u0131r Yerle\u015fmeleri
\nDa\u011f\u0131n\u0131k K\u0131r Yerle\u015fmeleri<\/p>\n
Toplu K\u0131r Yerle\u015fmeleri<\/p>\n
Evlerin birbirine \u00e7ok yak\u0131n oldu\u011fu k\u0131r yerle\u015fmeleridir. Bu t\u00fcr yerle\u015fmelerde iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131 belirleyici olmu\u015ftur. Yerle\u015fim birimleri su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7evresinde toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu ve Do\u011fu Anadolu b\u00f6lgelerinde yayg\u0131n olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. <\/p>\n
Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k K\u0131r Yerle\u015fmeleri <\/p>\n
Evler aras\u0131nda uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n fazla oldu\u011fu, geni\u015f bir alana yay\u0131lan k\u0131r yerle\u015fmeleridir. Bu t\u00fcr yerle\u015fmelerde arazinin engebelik durumu tar\u0131m topraklar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, par\u00e7al\u0131 ve da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k olmas\u0131 belirleyici olmu\u015ftur. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n ve su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n bol olmas\u0131 da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k yerle\u015fmeyi kolayla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k yerle\u015fme yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ge\u00e7ici Yerle\u015fmeler <\/p>\n
\u00dclkemizde k\u0131r yerle\u015fmelerinin, ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan tamamlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak geli\u015fmi\u015f, ekonomik faaliyetin tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa dayal\u0131 oldu\u011fu yerle\u015fmelerdir. Yayla, mezra, oba, kom, a\u011f\u0131l gibi adlar verilen ge\u00e7ici yerle\u015fmeler Do\u011fu Anadolu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu b\u00f6lgelerinde yayg\u0131n olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca mevsimlik olarak konaklamak amac\u0131yla gidilen yazl\u0131k siteler, da\u011f ve ba\u011f evleri de ge\u00e7ici yerle\u015fmelerdir.<\/p>\n
Yayla : Yaz aylar\u0131nda hayvan otlatmak veya tar\u0131msal faaliyette bulunmak amac\u0131yla gidilen ge\u00e7ici yerle\u015fmelerdir. Yaylalar dinlenmek amac\u0131yla gidilen yazl\u0131k sayfiye yerleri de olabilir.<\/p>\n
Mezra : baz\u0131 ailelerin tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n az olmas\u0131, kan davalar\u0131 gibi nedenlerle bulunduklar\u0131 s\u00fcrekli yerle\u015fmelerden ayr\u0131l\u0131p daha uzak bir yere yerle\u015fmesiyle olu\u015fmu\u015f yerle\u015fmelerdir. Tar\u0131msal faaliyetler hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6re \u00f6n plandad\u0131r. Bir ka\u00e7 ev ve eklentilerden olu\u015fan mezralar zamanla s\u00fcrekli yerle\u015fme haline gelebilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Elaz\u0131\u011f, Harput\u2019un bir mezras\u0131 iken zamanla b\u00fcy\u00fcyerek kent haline gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Oba : Daha \u00e7ok g\u00f6\u00e7ebe hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k yapan topluluklar\u0131n ge\u00e7ici olarak yerle\u015fip, \u00e7ad\u0131r kurduklar\u0131 yerle\u015fmelerdir.<\/p>\n
Dam : K\u00f6y ailelerinin ge\u00e7ici bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in yararland\u0131klar\u0131 yerle\u015fme bi\u00e7imidir. B\u00f6lge k\u00f6y yerle\u015fmelerinde bir k\u0131s\u0131m aileler, birka\u00e7 ayl\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7in k\u00f6ylerinden ayr\u0131larak, kendi bah\u00e7e, tarla ve otlaklar\u0131ndaki damlarda oturduktan sonra, tekrar k\u00f6ylerine d\u00f6nerler.<\/p>\n
Kom : Ekonomik faaliyetin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa dayal\u0131 oldu\u011fu aileler veya ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan ge\u00e7ici yerle\u015fmelerdir.<\/p>\n
A\u011f\u0131l : Hayvanlar\u0131n bar\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7evresi ta\u015f veya ah\u015fap ile \u00e7evrili yerlere a\u011f\u0131l ad\u0131 verilmektedir. A\u011f\u0131llar zamanla n\u00fcfusun artmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak s\u00fcrekli yerle\u015fme haline gelebilir. S\u00fcr\u00fc sahipleri taraf\u0131ndan kurulan a\u011f\u0131llar k\u0131\u015f mevsiminde hayvanlar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye’de G\u00f6r\u00fclen Konut Tipleri<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n her yerinde oldu\u011fu gibi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de konut tiplerini belirleyen temel etmen iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca jeolojik yap\u0131, bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc gibi do\u011fa do\u011fal ko\u015fullar da konut tiplerini belirlemektedir. \u00dclkemizde ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel geli\u015fme, do\u011fal \u00e7evrenin konut tipleri \u00fczerindeki etkisini azaltmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kerpi\u00e7 Evler : Kerpi\u00e7 evlerde yap\u0131 malzemesi olarak killi toprak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Killi toprak samanla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak \u00e7amur haline getirilir, kal\u0131plara d\u00f6k\u00fclerek kurutulur. Kerpi\u00e7 evler, ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n az, iklimin kurak oldu\u011fu \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu b\u00f6lgelerinde yayg\u0131n olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Ta\u015f Evler : Arazinin da\u011fl\u0131k oldu\u011fu, a\u011fac\u0131n ve topra\u011f\u0131n yeterince bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde yayg\u0131n olan konut tipidir. Yap\u0131 malzemesi olarak kullan\u0131lan ta\u015flar genellikle yak\u0131n \u00e7evreden kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r. Akdeniz\u2019de Toros Da\u011flar\u0131, \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019da Nev\u015fehir, \u00dcrg\u00fcp Y\u00f6resi, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da Mardin Y\u00f6resi ta\u015f evlerin yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu yerlerdir.<\/p>\n
Ah\u015fap Evler : \u0130klimin nemli orman\u0131n bol oldu\u011fu yerlerde yap\u0131 malzemesi olarak a\u011fac\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 konut tipidir. Baz\u0131 y\u00f6relerde a\u011fa\u00e7la birlikte ta\u015f veya kerpi\u00e7 de kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ta\u015f evler ormanlar\u0131n geni\u015f yer kaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Betonarme Evler : Yap\u0131 malzemesi olarak demir, beton ve tu\u011flan\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 konut tipidir. Son y\u0131llarda kullan\u0131m\u0131 artan betonarme evler, sanayile\u015fme nedeniyle Marmara ve Ege B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde yayg\u0131n olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de N\u00fcfus \u00dclkemizdeki n\u00fcfusun say\u0131s\u0131 ve n\u00fcfusla ilgili veriler yap\u0131lan n\u00fcfus say\u0131mlar\u0131 ile elde edilir. Bu say\u0131mlar sonucunda, toplam n\u00fcfus, n\u00fcfusun ya\u015f gruplar\u0131na ve cinsiyete g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, okur yazar oran\u0131, e\u011fitilmi\u015f n\u00fcfus durumu, i\u015fsiz say\u0131s\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan n\u00fcfusun i\u015f kollar\u0131na g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, k\u00f6y ve kent n\u00fcfus say\u0131lar\u0131 belirlenir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ilk d\u00fczenli n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 1927\u2019de, ikinci n\u00fcfus …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[4090,4093,4091,3641,4092,4094,4084,4086,4087,4088,4089,4085],"class_list":["post-1440","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-aritmetik-nufus-yogunlugu","tag-fizyolojik-nufus-yogunlugu","tag-illere-gore-nufus-yogunlugu","tag-tarim","tag-tarimsal-nufus-yogunlugu","tag-turkiyede-gorulen-konut-tipleri","tag-turkiyede-nufus-ve-yerlesme","tag-turkiyede-dogal-nufus-artis-hizi","tag-turkiyede-goclerin-nedenleri","tag-turkiyede-goclerin-sonuclari","tag-turkiyede-nufus-yogunlugu","tag-yillara-gore-nufus-sayimlari-ve-sonuclari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1440","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1440"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1440\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1440"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1440"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1440"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}