1-)Akarsu
\nYa\u011fmur olarak yery\u00fcz\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015fen su \u00fc\u00e7 yoldan da\u011f\u0131l\u0131r. Bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00fcne\u015fin e r\u00fczgar\u0131n etkisi ile buharla\u015farak, atmosfere geri d\u00f6ner. Bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc birle\u015ferek dereleri ya da \u00e7aylar\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Geri kalan\u0131 da topra\u011f\u0131n alt\u0131na s\u0131zar. S\u0131zan sular\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc sonradan kaynaklar halinde yeniden topra\u011f\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131karak akarsulara kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Hi\u00e7 ya\u011fmur ya\u011fmayan mevsimlerde bile akarsular\u0131n akmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan i\u015fte bu kaynak sular\u0131d\u0131r. Eriyen kar ve buzullar da akarsular\u0131n beslenmesinde \u00f6nemli rol oynar. <\/p>\n
B\u00f6ylece olu\u015fa dereler birle\u015ferek \u0131rmak denen b\u00fcy\u00fck akarsular\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Bir akarsuya \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131 (yolu) boyunca kat\u0131lan bu dere ve \u00e7aylara da o akarsuyun kollar\u0131 denir. Bir akarsu ve kollar\u0131n\u0131n beslendi\u011fi, daha do\u011frusu sular\u0131n\u0131 toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan o akarsuyun aka\u00e7lama havzas\u0131 ya da k\u0131saca havzas\u0131d\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 uzunluktaki iki \u0131rmaktan birinin havzas\u0131 \u00e7ok geni\u015f, \u00f6b\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcnki daha dar olabilir.<\/p>\n
Eski\u00e7a\u011flardan bu yana insanlara i\u00e7me suyu sa\u011flayan ve bal\u0131k gibi de\u011ferli bir besin sunan akarsular, sonradan tekne yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6\u011frenilmesiyle ucuz ve kolay bir ula\u015f\u0131m yolu olmu\u015ftur. Nil ve Ren \u0131rmaklar\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r ticaretin ana damarlar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle da\u011fl\u0131k y\u00f6relerdeki akarsu vadileri karayollar\u0131 ve demiryollar\u0131 i\u00e7in en elveri\u015fli ge\u00e7itlerdir. Ayr\u0131ca akarsular, ge\u00e7tikleri yerlerde kayalar\u0131 oyarak de\u011ferli maden damarlar\u0131n\u0131n ve yataklar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Akarsular\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 al\u00fcvyonlarla zenginle\u015fen ta\u015fk\u0131n ovalar\u0131 verimli tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dcstelik hem ekinleri sulamak, hem de elektrik enerjisi \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in \u00e7o\u011fu kez barajlar yard\u0131m\u0131yla akarsulardan yararlan\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n
2. BARAJ<\/p>\n
Ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 denetim alt\u0131na almak amac\u0131yla bir akarsuyun \u00f6n\u00fcne yap\u0131lan sete baraj denir. Barajlar\u0131n sulama, ta\u015fk\u0131nlar\u0131 \u00f6nleme, kentlere su sa\u011flama, elektrik \u00fcretme gibi \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli yararlar\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yeri do\u011fru se\u00e7ilmi\u015f bir baraj, \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6lgeyi geli\u015ftirebilir. Baraj\u0131n ard\u0131nda yeterli su toplan\u0131nca geni\u015f alanlar sulanarak verimli hale getirilebilir. Irma\u011f\u0131n suyunun \u00e7ok fazla oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemlerde, baraj g\u00f6l\u00fcnde su tutularak, \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 kesimlerinde d\u00fczenli bir ak\u0131\u015f sa\u011flan\u0131r, ta\u015fk\u0131nlar \u00f6nlenir ve zamanla batakl\u0131klar kurutulur. Daha binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6nce M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019 da Nil \u0131rma\u011f\u0131 ve Babil\u2019 de Dicle \u0131rma\u011f\u0131 boyunca sulama ama\u00e7l\u0131 barajlar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. <\/p>\n
Elektrik enerjisi \u00fcretiminde de barajlardan yararlan\u0131l\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 akabilece\u011fi y\u00fcksek bir yerde toplanm\u0131\u015f olan su bir enerji kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00fcksekten a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 akan su, bir su \u00e7ark\u0131n\u0131 ya da onun g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki geli\u015fmi\u015f t\u00fcr\u00fc olan bir su t\u00fcrbinini d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Su t\u00fcrbinine ba\u011fl\u0131 olan bir \u00fcrete\u00e7 (jenerat\u00f6r) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla elektrik elde edilir. <\/p>\n
Barajlar\u0131n bir ba\u015fka yarar\u0131, \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n baraj\u0131n gerisinde kalan kesimlerinin derinle\u015fmesi ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n yukar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131nda ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n yava\u015flamas\u0131d\u0131r. Artan derinlik ve daha yava\u015f ak\u0131\u015f, \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n daha \u00f6nce ula\u015f\u0131ma elveri\u015fli olmayan kimi yerlerinde ula\u015f\u0131m olana\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flar. Ayr\u0131ca, baraj g\u00f6lleri bal\u0131k yeti\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131labilir. <\/p>\n
3. T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019 DEK\u0130 AKARSULAR<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019 nin co\u011frafi konumu, \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fik b\u00f6lgelerdeki denizlere ve kapal\u0131 havzalara da\u011f\u0131lan \u00e7ok karma\u015f\u0131k bir akarsu a\u011f\u0131 yarat\u0131r. K\u0131y\u0131ya paralele uzanan s\u0131rada\u011flar\u0131n denize bakan y\u00fczlerinde h\u0131zl\u0131 ak\u0131\u015fl\u0131, k\u0131sa boylu \u00e7ok say\u0131da akarsu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. B\u00fcy\u00fck akarsular ise, bu da\u011flar\u0131 enine yararak, yer yer vadilerini iyice derinle\u015ftirip geni\u015fleterek uzan\u0131rlar. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck akarsular, i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelerde geni\u015f alanlar\u0131n sular\u0131n\u0131 toplarlar. Bat\u0131da Ege Denizi\u2019 ne do\u011fru akan \u0131rmaklar ise, denize dik uzanan da\u011flar aras\u0131nda a\u00e7t\u0131klar\u0131 vadilerde akarlar. Denize \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 bulunmayan (kapal\u0131) havzalar, \u00fclke y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131k 1\/7\u2019 sini kaplar. Tuz G\u00f6l\u00fc, Van G\u00f6l\u00fc, Akdeniz G\u00f6ller B\u00f6lgesi (Bey\u015fehir, E\u011fridir, Burdur) kapal\u0131 havzalar\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca su birikme yerleridir. Orta Anadolu\u2019 da denize a\u00e7\u0131lmayan akarsular, Tuz G\u00f6l\u00fc d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da g\u00f6ller, batakl\u0131klar, sazl\u0131klar olu\u015fturur. Bat\u0131 Toroslar \u00fcst\u00fcnde yer alan G\u00f6ller B\u00f6lgesi ise, kalkerli taban nedeni ile asl\u0131nda geni\u015f bir yer alt\u0131 akarsu a\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde kal\u0131r. Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131 da\u011flar\u0131nda f\u0131\u015fk\u0131ran D\u00fcden\u2019 de oldu\u011fu gibi bu sular \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktalar\u0131 bulur. Do\u011fu Anadolu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu sular\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc F\u0131rat, Dicle ve kollar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan Basra K\u00f6rfezi\u2019 ne ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. Ancak en do\u011fuda Aras ve daha sonra Kura\u2019 y\u0131 olu\u015fturacak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck akarsular Hazar Denizi\u2019 ne a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Karadeniz\u2019 e d\u00f6k\u00fclen K\u0131z\u0131l\u0131rmak, \u00fclke s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde en uzun akarsudur. \u00c7oruh, Ye\u015fil\u0131rmak ve Sakarya da Karadeniz\u2019 e a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Susurluk \u00c7ay\u0131, Marmara Denizi\u2019 ne d\u00f6k\u00fclen en \u00f6nemli akarsudur. Gediz, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Menderes ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Menderes Ege Denizi\u2019 ne d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca Yunanistan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izen Meri\u00e7, Trakya b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015fl\u0131ca akarsu a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan Ergene\u2019 yi de alarak Ege Denizi\u2019 ne a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. G\u00f6ks\u00fc, Seyhan ve Ceyhan, Akdeniz\u2019 e d\u00f6k\u00fclen en \u00f6nemli \u0131rmaklard\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan, Suriye\u2019 den gelen Asi (Orontas), \u00fclke i\u00e7inde 97 km.\u2019 lik bir yay \u00e7izerek sular\u0131n\u0131 Akdeniz\u2019 e bo\u015falt\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u0131rmaklar\u0131, mevsimlere g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fen, d\u00fczensiz ak\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r. Ya kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 c\u0131l\u0131zla\u015fma, ilkbaharda, yerini eriyen karlar ve ya\u011fan ya\u011fmurlar\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcr ak\u0131\u015fa b\u0131rak\u0131r. Do\u011fu Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi hemen hemen her mevsim ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 ge\u00e7ti\u011fi i\u00e7in, bu b\u00f6lge \u0131rmaklar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir su azalmas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmez. Ama dik akarsu yataklar\u0131, burada da, ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 d\u00fczensiz k\u0131lar. Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019 da y\u00fcksek, dar ve derin vadiler boyunca akan \u0131rmaklar\u0131n suyu k\u0131\u015f\u0131n azal\u0131r. Yine de eriyen karlar s\u00fcrekli ve bol bir ak\u0131\u015f sa\u011flar. <\/p>\n
3.1. AKDEN\u0130Z B\u00d6LGES\u0130\u2019NDEK\u0130 AKARSULAR<\/p>\n
3.1.1. SEYHAN<\/p>\n
Zamant\u0131 Suyu ile G\u00f6ks\u00fc Irma\u011f\u0131\u2019 n\u0131n Adana il s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde, Dezmir Da\u011f\u0131 yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda birle\u015fmesiyle olu\u015fur. G\u00fcneye do\u011fru akarak Toros Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019 n\u0131 a\u015far ve Adana Ovas\u0131\u2019 na \u00e7\u0131kar. Burada sa\u011fdan en \u00f6nemli kolu \u00c7ak\u0131t Suyu\u2019 nu al\u0131r. Ovada menderesler \u00e7izdikten sonra Tarsus \u00c7ay\u0131 a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131n 3 kilometre do\u011fusunda Burun ad\u0131 verilen bir \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 olu\u015fturarak Akdeniz\u2019 e d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr. Uzunlu\u011fu 560 km.\u2019 dir. <\/p>\n
3.1.2 CEYHAN<\/p>\n
S\u00f6\u011f\u00fctl\u00fc ve Hurma \u00c7aylar\u0131\u2019 n\u0131n birle\u015fmesi ile olu\u015fur. G\u00f6ksun \u00c7ay\u0131\u2019 n\u0131 ald\u0131ktan sonra Berit ve Engizek Da\u011flar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki dar ve ormanl\u0131k bo\u011fazlardan ge\u00e7ip, Mara\u015f Da\u011f\u0131\u2019 n\u0131n bat\u0131 uzuna y\u00f6nelir ve buralarda en \u00f6nemli kolu olan Aksu \u2018 yu al\u0131r. Amanos Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019 n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erek g\u00fcneye iner, sonra Bah\u00e7e\u2019 den gelen Bulan\u0131k Suyu\u2019 nu al\u0131r ve \u00c7ukurova\u2019 ya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra bir \u00e7ok menderes \u00e7izerek, Do\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde Yumurtal\u0131k (Aya) Liman\u0131\u2019 n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki deltay\u0131 olu\u015fturup denize d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr. Uzunlu\u011fu 509 km\u2019 dir. <\/p>\n
3.1.3. AS\u0130 IRMA\u011eI<\/p>\n
Suriye\u2019 den do\u011fup T\u00fcrkiye\u2019 de Akdeniz\u2019 e d\u00f6k\u00fclen 380 km uzunlu\u011fundaki \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n 92 km.\u2019 si T\u00fcrkiye topraklar\u0131nda akar. Suriye\u2019 de, L\u00fcbnan ve Antil\u00fcbnan Da\u011flar\u0131 aras\u0131ndan do\u011far. Bir s\u00fcre T\u00fcrkiye-Suriye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdikten sonra Amanos ve Kas Da\u011flar\u0131 aras\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ip Amik Ovas\u0131 \u2018 n\u0131 sulayarak Samanda\u011f\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde Akdeniz\u2019 e d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr. K\u0131\u015f\u0131n ve ilkbaharda en y\u00fcksek debiye ula\u015fan sular\u0131 yaz\u0131n azal\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3.1.4. MANAVGAT \u00c7AYI<\/p>\n
Bat\u0131 Toroslar\u2019 \u0131n g\u00fcney yama\u00e7lar\u0131ndan do\u011far (Akda\u011flar). G\u00fcneye do\u011fru ormanl\u0131k bir alan i\u00e7ind akar. Manavgat\u2019 \u0131n 3 km. kadar kuzeyinde \u00fcnl\u00fc Manavgat \u00c7a\u011flayan\u0131\u2019 n\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Manavgat \u00c7a\u011flayan\u0131\u2019 ndan sonra \u00e7ay\u0131n sular\u0131 h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 yitirerek Antalya K\u00f6rfezi\u2019 ne d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr. Uzunlu\u011fu 93 km.\u2019 dir. \u00dclkemizin debisi en d\u00fczenli olan akarsular\u0131 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u00dczerinde kurulan Oymap\u0131nar Baraj\u0131, 1980 de i\u015fletmeye a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
3.1.5. DALAMAN \u00c7AYI<\/p>\n
Teke y\u00f6resini bat\u0131s\u0131nda Ye\u015filg\u00f6l Da\u011f\u0131\u2019 ndan do\u011far, Horzam ad\u0131 ile kuzeye akarak Ac\u0131payan Ovas\u0131\u2019 na girer. Kireni\u015f Suyu ad\u0131yla g\u00fcneybat\u0131ya k\u0131vr\u0131larak Dalaman Ovas\u0131\u2019 na iner ve Akdeniz\u2019 e d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr. Uzunlu\u011fu 229 km.\u2019 dir. <\/p>\n
3.1.6. AKSU \u00c7AYI<\/p>\n
E\u011fridir G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019 nden do\u011far. Antalya\u2019n\u0131n 18 km do\u011fusunda Aksu buca\u011f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erek Akdeniz\u2019 e d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr. Uzunlu\u011fu 136 km.\u2019 dir. Yer alt\u0131 sular\u0131 ile beslenir. Y\u0131l boyu sular\u0131 boldur.<\/p>\n
3.1.7. G\u00d6KSU<\/p>\n
Toroslar\u2019 da Kartal Da\u011f\u0131\u2019 ndan do\u011farak, Ta\u015feli Yaylas\u0131\u2019 ndan ge\u00e7ip Silifke yak\u0131n\u0131nda Akdeniz\u2019 e d\u00f6k\u00fclen G\u00f6ksu Irma\u011f\u0131\u2019 n\u0131n uzunlu\u011fu 308 km.\u2019 dir.<\/p>\n
3.2. MARMARA B\u00d6LGES\u0130\u2019NDEK\u0130 AKARSULAR<\/p>\n
3.2.1. SUSURLUK \u00c7AYI<\/p>\n
Simav kasabas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde \u015eaphane Da\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Kalayc\u0131k\u0131r\u0131 Tepesi\u2019nden do\u011far. Simav Ovas\u0131\u2019ndan ve ayn\u0131 ad\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan g\u00f6lden ge\u00e7er. Da\u011flar aras\u0131nda daral\u0131p geni\u015fleyen bir vadiden ge\u00e7tikten sonra S\u0131nd\u0131rg\u0131 yak\u0131n\u0131nda kuzeye y\u00f6nelen akarsu, buraya dek Simav \u00c7ay\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r. Bal\u0131kesir Ovas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fusundan ge\u00e7erek Susurluk Ovas\u0131\u2019 na iner. Karacabey Ovas\u0131 ve G\u00fcney Marmara Da\u011flar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki Karacabey Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019 ndan ge\u00e7erek Tirilya ve Ball\u0131kaya a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131nda Marmara Denizi\u2019 ne d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu kesimi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tonajl\u0131 gemilerin ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131na olanakl\u0131d\u0131r. Uzunlu\u011fu 321 km. olan Susurluk \u00c7ay\u0131\u2019 n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli kollar\u0131, Koca\u00e7ay ve Kirmasti Suyu\u2019 dur. Yaz\u0131n \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n sular\u0131 azalarak derinli\u011fi 25 cm ye\u2019 d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\n
3.2.2. G\u00d6NEN \u00c7AYI<\/p>\n
Kazda\u011f\u0131 eteklerinden do\u011fan G\u00f6nen \u00c7ay\u0131, Bak\u0131r\u00e7ay, Kazak ve Akkayas\u0131 \u00e7aylar\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131ktan sonra b\u00fcy\u00fcr ve g\u00fcneybat\u0131-kuzeydo\u011fu do\u011frultusunda dar bo\u011fazlar i\u00e7inde akarak G\u00f6nen Ovas\u0131\u2019 na iner. Burada al\u00fcvyonlar i\u00e7erisinde k\u0131vr\u0131mlar yapan \u0131rmak, bat\u0131dan Kocadere\u2019 yi, do\u011fudan \u00c7ak\u0131roba \u00c7ay\u0131\u2019 n\u0131 alarak Misak\u00e7a\u2019 n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda Marmara Denizi\u2019 ne d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr. Uzunlu\u011fu 134 km. olan bu \u00e7ay\u0131n rejimi olduk\u00e7a d\u00fczensizdir. <\/p>\n
3.2.3. ERGENE IRMA\u011eI<\/p>\n
Meri\u00e7 \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kollar\u0131ndan biridir. Uzunlu\u011fu 281 km. olan Ergene, Ist\u0131ranca Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019 nda Karatepe\u2019 nin eteklerinden do\u011far. Muratl\u0131 kasabas\u0131n\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00c7orlu Suyu ile birle\u015fir. Alpullu, Pehlivank\u00f6y ve Uzunk\u00f6pr\u00fc\u2019 n\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcnden ge\u00e7tikten sonra \u0130psala\u2019 n\u0131n kuzeyinde Meri\u00e7\u2019 e kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3.3. EGE B\u00d6LGES\u0130\u2019 DE K\u0130 AKARSULAR<\/p>\n
3.3.1. GED\u0130Z IRMA\u011eI<\/p>\n
Uzunlu\u011fu 350 km. , aka\u00e7lama havzas\u0131 17 500km2\u2019 dir. Murat Da\u011f\u0131\u2019 n\u0131n bat\u0131 ve kuzey yama\u00e7lar\u0131ndan inen derelerin, \u015eaphane Da\u011f\u0131\u2019 ndan inen akarsularla bile\u015fmesi ile olu\u015fur. Dalgal\u0131 yaylalar i\u00e7inde \u00f6nce g\u00fcneybat\u0131 sonra bat\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde akar. Kunduzlu, Selende, ****inis ve Demrek \u00e7aylar\u0131n\u0131, Kula kesiminden gelen sular\u0131 ald\u0131ktan sonra g\u00fcneye d\u00f6ner. Salihli yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda dar bir bo\u011fazdan ge\u00e7erek Gediz Ovas\u0131\u2019 na iner. Ovay\u0131 ge\u00e7erken de Ala\u015fehir ve Kum \u00c7aylar\u0131n\u0131 alan Gediz, Manisa ve Menemen \u00f6n\u00fcnden bir delta ovas\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar. \u0130zmir K\u00f6rfezi\u2019 nin kuzeyinde Fo\u00e7a ile \u00c7amalt\u0131 tuzlas\u0131 aras\u0131ndan denize d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 al\u00fcvyonlarla \u0130zmir K\u00f6rfezi\u2019 nin a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131 t\u0131kama tehlikesini do\u011furan Gediz Irma\u011f\u0131\u2019 n\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131, 1886\u2019 da bat\u0131ya \u00e7evrilerek bug\u00fcnk\u00fc yata\u011f\u0131na oturtuldu.<\/p>\n
3.3.2. B\u00dcY\u00dcK MENDERES IRMA\u011eI<\/p>\n
Eski ad\u0131 Maiandros olan B\u00fcy\u00fck Menderes, Banaz \u00c7ay\u0131 ve K\u00fcfi Suyu\u2019 nun kollar\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015fmesi ile olu\u015fur. Sarayk\u00f6y \u00f6n\u00fcnde ovaya \u00e7\u0131karak, Denizli \u00f6n\u00fcnden ge\u00e7ip \u00c7\u00fcr\u00fcksu\u2019 yla birle\u015fir ve bat\u0131ya do\u011fru y\u00f6nelir. Nazilli, Ayd\u0131n, S\u00f6ke kentlerinin \u00f6n\u00fcnden ge\u00e7er, g\u00fcneybat\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fcp Ege Denizi\u2019 ne d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr. Uzunlu\u011fu 450 km., havzas\u0131 24 250 km2\u2019 dir. B\u00fcy\u00fck Menderes Mente\u015fe y\u00f6resinden gelen Vandolas \u00c7ay\u0131, Ak\u00e7ay ve \u00c7ine Suyu ile birle\u015fip al\u00fcvyonlar\u0131yla S\u00f6ke\u2019 ye dek uzanan bir ovay\u0131 doldurur. <\/p>\n
3.3.3. K\u00dc\u00c7\u00dcK MENDERES IRMA\u011eI<\/p>\n
Bozda\u011f\u0131\u2019 ndan do\u011fan akarsu, birle\u015fen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kollarla b\u00fcy\u00fcyerek g\u00fcneye do\u011fru iner. Beyder kasabas\u0131 yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda, Boz ve Ayd\u0131n Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019 n\u0131n birbirinden giderek a\u00e7\u0131lan ve al\u00e7alan tepeleri aras\u0131ndaki geni\u015f havzas\u0131nda bat\u0131ya do\u011fru akar. Torbal\u0131 yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda g\u00fcneye d\u00f6nen akarsu, Sel\u00e7uk \u00f6n\u00fcnde Ege Denizi\u2019 ne delta yaparak d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr. Uzunlu\u011fu 175 km.\u2019 dir. Irmak k\u0131\u015f\u0131n kabar\u0131r ve sa\u011fnak ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar oldu\u011funda, \u00f6zellikle delta alan\u0131 \u00fczerinde yata\u011f\u0131ndan ta\u015farak ge\u00e7ici batakl\u0131klar olu\u015fturur. Yaz\u0131n ise, sular\u0131 \u00e7ok azd\u0131r. Getirdi\u011fi al\u00fcvyonlar tarihi Efes kentinin k\u0131y\u0131dan uzakla\u015fmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
1-)Akarsu Ya\u011fmur olarak yery\u00fcz\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015fen su \u00fc\u00e7 yoldan da\u011f\u0131l\u0131r. Bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00fcne\u015fin e r\u00fczgar\u0131n etkisi ile buharla\u015farak, atmosfere geri d\u00f6ner. Bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc birle\u015ferek dereleri ya da \u00e7aylar\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Geri kalan\u0131 da topra\u011f\u0131n alt\u0131na s\u0131zar. S\u0131zan sular\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc sonradan kaynaklar halinde yeniden topra\u011f\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131karak akarsulara kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Hi\u00e7 ya\u011fmur ya\u011fmayan mevsimlerde bile akarsular\u0131n akmas\u0131n\u0131 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[3229,4167,2796,4165,3130,4168,4166,3008,2916,4164,3000,1893],"class_list":["post-1468","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-akarsu","tag-akdeniz-goller-bolgesi","tag-atmosfer","tag-barajlar","tag-elektrik","tag-goksu-irmagi","tag-nil-irmagi","tag-susurluk-cayi","tag-toroslar","tag-turkiyede-akarsu-ve-barajlar","tag-tuz-golu","tag-van-golu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1468","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1468"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1468\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1468"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1468"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1468"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}