\u0130ZOH\u0130PSLER ve \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130<\/p>\n
Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde deniz seviyesine g\u00f6re ayn\u0131 y\u00fckseltiye sahip olan noktalar\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesi ile
\nelde edilen kapal\u0131 e\u011frilerle g\u00f6sterilir. Bu e\u011frilere izohips (E\u015fy\u00fckselti) e\u011frileri denir. En s\u0131k kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6ntemdir.<\/p>\n
\u0130zohipslerin \u00d6zellikleri:
\n1. \u0130\u00e7 i\u00e7e kapal\u0131 e\u011frilerdir.
\n2. Yery\u00fcz\u00fc \u015fekillerini y\u00fckseltilerini ve bi\u00e7imlerini canland\u0131r\u0131rlar.
\n3. En geni\u015f izohips e\u011frisi en al\u00e7ak yeri, en dar izohips e\u011frisi en y\u00fcksek yeri g\u00f6sterir.
\n4. 0 metre e\u011frisi deniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndan ge\u00e7er.
\n5. \u0130zohipsler e\u015fit y\u00fckselti aral\u0131klar\u0131yla \u00e7izilirler. Birbirini takip eden iki
\nizohips e\u011frisi aras\u0131ndaki y\u00fckselti fark\u0131 (equidistans) haritan\u0131n
\ntamam\u0131nda ayn\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
NOT:\u0130zohipsler aras\u0131ndaki y\u00fckselti fark\u0131n\u0131 haritan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi belirler. B\u00fcy\u00fck
\n\u00f6l\u00e7ekli haritalarda y\u00fckselti fark\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck iken, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli haritalarda fark
\nb\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.
\n6.Bir e\u011fri \u00fczerinde bulunan b\u00fct\u00fcn noktalar\u0131n y\u00fckseltileri ayn\u0131d\u0131r.
\n7.Her izohips e\u011frisi kendisinden daha y\u00fcksek izohips e\u011frisini \u00e7evreler.
\n8.\u0130zohips e\u011frileri da\u011f doruklar\u0131nda nokta halini al\u0131rlar.
\n9.\u0130zohipsler birbirini kesmezler.
\n10.Birbirini ku\u015fatmayan kom\u015fu iki izohips ayn\u0131 y\u00fckselti de\u011ferlerine
\nsahiptir.
\n11. Akarsuyun her iki yan\u0131ndaki e\u011frilerin y\u00fckseltisi ayn\u0131d\u0131r.
\n 12. E\u015f y\u00fckselti e\u011frilerinin s\u0131k ge\u00e7ti\u011fi yerlerde e\u011fim fazla, seyrek ge\u00e7ti\u011fi
\nyerlerde e\u011fim azd\u0131r.
\n13. \u0130zohips e\u011frilerinin s\u0131k ge\u00e7ti\u011fi yerlerde;
\n\u2022 E\u011fim fazlad\u0131r.
\n\u2022 Akarsular\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131zlar\u0131 fazlad\u0131r.
\n\u2022 Akarsular\u0131n a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma g\u00fcc\u00fc fazlad\u0131r.
\n\u2022 Akarsular\u0131n a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131 derine do\u011frudur.
\n\u2022 K\u0131ta sahanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dard\u0131r.
\n\u2022 Da\u011fa t\u0131rmanma zordur.
\n\u2022 Zirveyle etek aras\u0131ndaki mesafe azd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
14. \u0130zohips e\u011frilerinin seyrek ge\u00e7ti\u011fi yerlerde;
\n\u2022 E\u011fim azd\u0131r.
\n\u2022 Akarsular\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131zlar\u0131 azd\u0131r.
\n\u2022 Akarsular\u0131n a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma g\u00fcc\u00fc azd\u0131r.
\n\u2022 Akarsular\u0131n a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131 yana do\u011frudur.
\n\u2022 K\u0131ta sahanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 geni\u015ftir.
\n\u2022 Da\u011fa t\u0131rmanma kolayd\u0131r.
\n\u2022 Zirveyle etek aras\u0131ndaki mesafe fazlad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130ZOH\u0130PS HAR\u0130TALARINDA YERY\u00dcZ\u00dc \u015eEK\u0130LLER\u0130N\u0130N G\u00d6STER\u0130LMES\u0130<\/p>\n
1. Tepe (Doruk, Zirve): \u0130zohips haritalar\u0131nda i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f e\u011friler
\n\u015feklinde g\u00f6sterilir. En i\u00e7te bulunan e\u011fri en y\u00fcksek yeri g\u00f6sterir. Burada bir nokta (.) bulunur. Bu da en y\u00fcksek noktan\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yeri g\u00f6sterir.
\n 2. Vadi: \u0130zohipslerin en dar izohips istikametine do\u011fru \u201cV\u201d \u015feklinde girinti yapt\u0131klar\u0131 yerlerdir.
\n 3.Boyun: \u0130ki tepe aras\u0131nda kalan en al\u00e7ak kesimlerdir. \u0130zohips haritalar\u0131nda birbirini ku\u015fatmayan kom\u015fu izohipsler aras\u0131nda kalan yerlerdir.
\n 4. S\u0131rt: \u0130ki yamac\u0131n birle\u015fti\u011fi y\u00fcksek kesimlerdir.\u0130zohips haritalar\u0131nda e\u011friler, y\u00fckseltinin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6ne do\u011fru a\u011fz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k \u201cV\u201d \u015feklinde uzan\u0131rlar. S\u0131rtlar su b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00e7izgilerini olu\u015ftururlar.
\n 5. Yama\u00e7:S\u0131rtlar\u0131n her iki taraf\u0131nda kalan k\u0131s\u0131mlard\u0131r.
\n6. \u00c7anak: \u00c7evresine g\u00f6re al\u00e7akta kalan \u00e7ukur sahalard\u0131r. \u00c7ana\u011f\u0131n
\nba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerden bitti\u011fi yere kadar ok i\u015fretleri ile g\u00f6sterilir. Kabar\u0131k e\u011frilerde her e\u011fri daha y\u00fcksek olan e\u011frileri ku\u015fat\u0131rken, \u00e7ukur yerlerde durum bunun tam tersinedir; her e\u011fri daha al\u00e7ak yerleri ku\u015fat\u0131r.
\n 7. Delta: Akarsular\u0131n denizi doldurmalar\u0131 sonucunda olu\u015fan ovalard\u0131r.
\nHaritalarda k\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7izgisi denize do\u011fru \u00fc\u00e7gen \u015feklinde uzanan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131yla g\u00f6sterilir.
\n 8. K\u0131y\u0131 \u00c7izgisi: Denizle karan\u0131n birle\u015fti\u011fi kesimlerdir. K\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7izgisi daima
\n0 m olarak kabul edilir.
\n9. Hali\u00e7: Gelgit ak\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 nedeniyle akarsu a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015flemesi
\nsonucunda olu\u015fan koylard\u0131r. K\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7izgisi akarsu a\u011fz\u0131nda karan\u0131n i\u00e7erisine
\ndo\u011fru girmi\u015ftir.
\n10. Plato: Akarsular taraf\u0131ndan derince par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f y\u00fcksek d\u00fczl\u00fcklerdir.
\nPlato d\u00fczl\u00fcklerinde izohips say\u0131s\u0131 azal\u0131r. Akarsu \u00e7evresinde izohipslerin
\ns\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n11. Falez (Yal\u0131yar): Dik yama\u00e7l\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131lard\u0131r. Haritalarda falez, birka\u00e7
\nizohips e\u011frisi, k\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7izgisi \u00fczerinde \u00fcst \u00fcste \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1.TEPE
\n2.VAD\u0130
\n3.SIRT
\n4.BOYUN
\n5.\u00c7\u00d6K\u00dcNT\u00dc
\n6.DER\u0130N VAD\u0130
\n7. BURUN
\n8.U\u00c7URUM
\n9.GE\u00c7\u0130T
\n10.DOLGU<\/p>\n
F\u0130Z\u0130K\u0130 HAR\u0130TALARDAN YARARLANMA<\/p>\n
a. Profil \u00c7\u0131karma: Haritada profili istenen do\u011frultunun ge\u00e7ti\u011fi yerlerin
\n\u00f6zellikleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
Bunun i\u00e7in do\u011frultunun;
\n1.Ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ge\u00e7ti\u011fi ve bitti\u011fi y\u00fckseltiye,
\n2.Ge\u00e7ti\u011fi tepe say\u0131s\u0131na,
\n3.Ge\u00e7ti\u011fi yerlerin e\u011fimine bak\u0131larak bulunabilir.<\/p>\n
b. Y\u00fckselti Fark\u0131:\u0130zohips aral\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, iki izohips aras\u0131ndaki y\u00fckselti fark\u0131 \u00e7arp\u0131larak
\nbulunur.
\nc. S\u0131cakl\u0131k Fark\u0131 Bulma: s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011ferleri her 100 m\u2019de 0.5\u00b0C de\u011fi\u015fir. Y\u00fckselti artt\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131cakl\u0131k azal\u0131rken, y\u00fckselti azald\u0131k\u00e7a s\u0131cakl\u0131k artmaktad\u0131r.
\nd. E\u011fim Hesaplama: Bir y\u00fczeyin yatay bir d\u00fczleme yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131ya e\u011fim denir. Ba\u015fka bir ifade ile iki nokta aras\u0131ndaki y\u00fckselti fark\u0131n\u0131n yatay uzunlu\u011fa oran\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
E\u011fim : Topo\u011frafya y\u00fczeyinin yatay d\u00fczlemle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ya e\u011fim denir.
\nE\u011fim,<\/p>\n
E\u011fim = Y\u00fckseklik (m) * 100 \/ Yatay Uzakl\u0131k form\u00fcl\u00fc ile hesaplan\u0131r.
\n\u00d6rnek : A – B aras\u0131ndaki uzakl\u0131k 1 \/ 600.000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli haritada 4 cm g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Aralar\u0131ndaki y\u00fckselti fark\u0131 1200 m. oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, A ile B aras\u0131ndaki e\u011fim binde (%o) ka\u00e7t\u0131r?
\n\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm A B aras\u0131ndaki ger\u00e7ek uzakl\u0131k;
\n4 * 6 = 24 km oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re,
\nE\u011fim = Y\u00fckseklik Fark\u0131 (m) \/ Yatay Uzakl\u0131k (m) * 1000
\nE\u011fim = 1200 \/ 24.000 * 1000
\nE\u011fim = %o 50’dir.
\nUYARI : E\u011fim y\u00fczde (%) olarak hesaplan\u0131rken 100 ile, binde (%o) olarak hesaplan\u0131rken 1000 ile \u00e7arp\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130ZOH\u0130PSLER ve \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130 Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde deniz seviyesine g\u00f6re ayn\u0131 y\u00fckseltiye sahip olan noktalar\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesi ile elde edilen kapal\u0131 e\u011frilerle g\u00f6sterilir. Bu e\u011frilere izohips (E\u015fy\u00fckselti) e\u011frileri denir. En s\u0131k kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6ntemdir. \u0130zohipslerin \u00d6zellikleri: 1. \u0130\u00e7 i\u00e7e kapal\u0131 e\u011frilerdir. 2. Yery\u00fcz\u00fc \u015fekillerini y\u00fckseltilerini ve bi\u00e7imlerini canland\u0131r\u0131rlar. 3. En geni\u015f izohips e\u011frisi en al\u00e7ak yeri, en dar izohips e\u011frisi …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[3229,2929,3833,3087,4178,3291,3670],"class_list":["post-1472","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-akarsu","tag-falez","tag-harita","tag-izohips","tag-izohipsler-ve-ozellikleri","tag-vadi","tag-yeryuzu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1472","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1472"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1472\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1472"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1472"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1472"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}