1) Kimyasal a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma: Akarsuyun ge\u00e7ti\u011fi yerlerdeki kolay eriyebilen kayalar\u0131 eriterek beraberinde ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 olay\u0131d\u0131r.
\n2) Mekanik a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma: Akarsular\u0131n a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131 daha \u00e7ok mekanik yolla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.
\nMekanik A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmada Etkili Olan Fakt\u00f6rler
\n1) Akarsu yatak e\u011fimi,
\n2) Akarsuyun ak\u0131m\u0131,
\n3) Akarsuyun ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131,
\n4) Akarsuyun y\u00fck miktar\u0131,
\n 5) Akarsuyu yata\u011f\u0131 \u00e7evresindeki bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc,
\n6) Akarsu yata\u011f\u0131ndaki kayalar\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fi,
\n *Akarsular a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma faaliyetini daha \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131zdan kayna\u011fa do\u011fru geri a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma
\n \u015feklinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir.
\n *Denize d\u00f6k\u00fclen bir akarsu yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131 en son deniz seviyesine kadar a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r. Buna taban
\n seviyesi (genel kaide seviyesi) denir. G\u00f6le d\u00f6k\u00fclen akarsu da yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131 en son g\u00f6l
\n seviyesine kadar yapar. Buna da yerel kaide seviyesi denir.
\n Denge Profili: Akarsular\u0131n yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u011f\u0131zdan kayna\u011fa do\u011fru geri a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rarak d\u00fczle\u015ftirmesiyle olu\u015fan i\u00e7 b\u00fckey e\u011friye denir. T\u00fcrkiye akarsular\u0131 denge profiline ula\u015fmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Sebebi : T\u00fcrkiyenin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc yer \u015fekillerinin yak\u0131n bir d\u00f6nemde olu\u015fmu\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.
\nAKARSU A\u015eINIM \u015eEK\u0130LLER\u0130
\n1)VAD\u0130: Akarsular\u0131n a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rarak i\u00e7inde akt\u0131\u011f\u0131 , s\u00fcrekli ini\u015fi olan yata\u011f\u0131na denir.
\nVadi Tipleri: \u00c7entik (v bi\u00e7imli ) vadi: Akarsu yatak e\u011fiminin fazla oldu\u011fu alanlarda
\n derine a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rman\u0131n etkisiyle olu\u015furlar. <\/p>\n
Bo\u011faz (yarma ) vadi: Akarsular taraf\u0131ndan da\u011flar\u0131n enine yar\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fan ve
\n profilleri u harfine benzeyen vadilerdir. T\u00fcrkiyede en fazla Karadeniz ve Akdeniz
\n B\u00f6lgelerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. K\u0131y\u0131 ile i\u00e7 kesim aras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli ge\u00e7it yollar\u0131d\u0131r.
\n Kanyon Vadi: Olu\u015fumu bo\u011faz vadilere benzer. Fakat kalkerli arazi \u00fczerinde olu\u015ftuklar\u0131 i\u00e7in yama\u00e7lar\u0131 basamak basamak d\u00fczl\u00fckt\u00fcr. \u00d6r: G\u00f6ksu vadisi ve K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc kanyonu. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en
\n b\u00fcy\u00fck kanyonu A.B.Dde Colorado kanyonudur.
\nTabanl\u0131 vadi:Akarsu yatak e\u011fiminin az oldu\u011fu alanlarda yana a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rman\u0131n etkisiyle olu\u015fur.
\n\u00d6r: Ege B\u00f6lgesi akarsu vadilerinde oldu\u011fu gibi. <\/p>\n
2)MENDERES (B\u00dcKL\u00dcM): Akarsu yatak e\u011fiminin az oldu\u011fu alanlarda , akarsuyun b\u00fckl\u00fcmler yaparak akmas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015furlar.
\n Menderesler olu\u015fturan bir akarsuyun \u00f6zellikleri
\n1) Yatak e\u011fimi azd\u0131r.
\n2) Ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 azd\u0131r.
\n3) A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma g\u00fcc\u00fc azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n4) Boyu uzam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n5) S\u0131k s\u0131k yatak de\u011fi\u015ftirir.
\n6) Hem a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma hem de biriktirme yapar. <\/p>\n
*Akarsularda menderes olay\u0131 en fazla Ege B\u00f6lgesinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n3)DEV KAZANI: Akarsular\u0131n \u015felale \u015feklinde akt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde, sular\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fme alan\u0131nda
\n a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma ile olu\u015fan \u00e7ukurluklara denir. \u00d6r: Manavgat, Kur\u015funlu, D\u00fcden \u015felalelerinde
\n oldu\u011fu gibi.<\/p>\n
4)PENEPLEN (Yontuk d\u00fcz) :Yer \u015fekillerinin deniz seviyesine kadar a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131larak
\n d\u00fczle\u015ftirilmesidir. T\u00fcrkiyede ova ve platolar\u0131n y\u00fcksekte kalmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi: III. zaman
\n sonlar\u0131nda peneplen haline gelen yerlerin tekrar y\u00fckselmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.
\n5)PER\u0130BACALARI: Volkanik arazilerde ( kal\u0131n t\u00fcfl\u00fc arazilerde) sel a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fur.
\n T\u00fcfler i\u00e7indeki lavlar y\u00fczeyi kaplayarak akan sel sular\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 etkisine kar\u015f\u0131
\n altlar\u0131ndaki tabakalar\u0131 korurlar. Zamanla \u00e7evresine g\u00f6re a\u015f\u0131nmam\u0131\u015f yer \u015fekilleri olu\u015fur.
\n Bunlara peribacalar\u0131 denir. \u00d6r: \u00dcrg\u00fcp, G\u00f6reme, Avanos, \u0131hlara Vadisi \u00e7evresinde (Nev\u015fehir) g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
6)KIRGIBAYIR (Badlands: K\u00f6t\u00fc arazi): E\u011fimin fazla , bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn seyrek oldu\u011fu milli,
\n t\u00fcfl\u00fc arazilerde sel sular\u0131n\u0131n araziyi \u00e7ok s\u0131k bir \u015fekilde yarmas\u0131 ile olu\u015fan yer \u015fekilleridir.
\n En fazla \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu ve G.Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgelerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. <\/p>\n
7)PLATO: Akarsular taraf\u0131ndan derince yar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f y\u00fcksek d\u00fczl\u00fcklere denir. En fazla \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu B\u00f6lgesinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi: Haymana, Cihanbeyli, Obruk, Bozok, Uzun yayla.
\n Akdeniz B\u00f6lgesi: Ta\u015feli ve Teke platolar\u0131.
\n G.Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi: G. Antep ve \u015e.Urfa platolar\u0131
\n Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi: Erzurum-Kars platolar\u0131.
\n Ege B\u00f6lgesi:Bayat (Yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaya ) platosu<\/p>\n
A\u015eINDIRMASI
\n Akarsu yataklar\u0131 boyunca akarken iki yoldan a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma yapar.
\n1-)Kimyasal A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma:Toprak ve kayalar\u0131n erimesi yoluyla olur. Kayalar\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131na suyun s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve i\u00e7indeki CO2 miktar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Erime s\u0131cakl\u0131kta artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kimyasal a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma yaz aylar\u0131nda ve tropikal b\u00f6lgelerde daha \u00e7ok olur.
\n2-)Mekanik A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma:Akarsular\u0131n toprak ve kayalardan par\u00e7alar koparmas\u0131 ile olu\u015fur. Akarsuyun mekanik a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma g\u00fcc\u00fc \u015fu etkenlere ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r:
\na)Su Miktar\u0131 (Ak\u0131m):Bir akarsuyun ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 su miktar\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma g\u00fcc\u00fcde artar. Bu nedenle \u00e7ok su ta\u015f\u0131yan b\u00fcy\u00fck akarsular daha \u00e7ok a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131rlar Su fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle bir akarsu \u00fczerinde en fazla a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta a\u011f\u0131z k\u0131sm\u0131nda olur. Ve yata\u011f\u0131n kaz\u0131lmas\u0131 da buradan geriye do\u011fru ilerler buna geriye a\u015f\u0131nma denir.
\nb)Ak\u0131\u015f H\u0131z\u0131:A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma \u00fczerinde etkili olan ikinci etken akarsuyun ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131d\u0131r. Bu da e\u011fime ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. E\u011fimin fazla oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde akarsular daha h\u0131zl\u0131 akar,a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma g\u00fc\u00e7leri artar. \u00d6rne\u011fin T\u00fcrkiye’deki akarsular saniyede ak\u0131tt\u0131klar\u0131 toplam su miktar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan fazla zengin olmad\u0131klar\u0131 halde yataklar\u0131nda e\u011fimin fazla olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 fazla a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131rlar.
\nc)Y\u00fck Miktar\u0131:Akarsuyun ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 kum,\u00e7ak\u0131l,mil gibi maddeler akarsuyun a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma kazma ara\u00e7lar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle y\u00fck ne kadar \u00e7oksa a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma da o kadar fazla olur.
\nd)Zeminin \u00d6zelli\u011fi:A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma akarsuyun ge\u00e7ti\u011fi yerlerdeki kayalar\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri ile de ilgilidir. Kum \u00e7ak\u0131l gibi gev\u015fek maddeler daha kolay kopar\u0131l\u0131p a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Diren\u00e7li kayalar,kat\u0131la\u015f\u0131m kayalar\u0131 ve sert kum ta\u015flar\u0131 a\u015f\u0131nmaya daha uzun zaman kar\u015f\u0131 koyarlar. Akarsuyun ge\u00e7ti\u011fi alanlar bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcnden yoksun ise a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma i\u015flemi daha da artar.
\nAKARSULARIN A\u015eINDIRMA \u015eEK\u0130LLER\u0130
\n 1-)DENGE PROF\u0130L\u0130
\n Akarsular yataklar\u0131n\u0131 e\u011fimin fazla oldu\u011fu yerlerde derine do\u011fru,e\u011fimin az oldu\u011fu yerlerde ise yana do\u011fru a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131rlar. Bir akarsu yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131 derine do\u011fru a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131k\u00e7a yatak e\u011fimi azal\u0131r,deniz seviyesine yakla\u015f\u0131r. Hi\u00e7 bir akarsu yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131 deniz seviyesinden daha derine a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131ramaz buna taban seviyesi denir. Taban seviyesine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f akarsularda derine a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma sona erer. Akarsuyun a\u011f\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc su miktar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7oklu\u011funa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak taban seviyesine daha k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede ula\u015f\u0131r buralarda derine a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma olmaz fakat kayna\u011f\u0131na (geriye) do\u011fru derine a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma artarak devam eder. Buna geriye a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma yada boyuna a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma denir. Geriye a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma sonucunda akarsu boyunu geriye do\u011fru uzat\u0131r. Su b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc alan\u0131n\u0131 yararak kom\u015fu akarsuyun yada kollar\u0131ndan birini kendine ba\u011flayabilir. Bu olaya kapma denir. Bu olay nedeniyle akarsu havzalar\u0131 geni\u015fleyebilir. A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma s\u00fcrd\u00fck\u00e7e akarsuyun yatak e\u011fimi azal\u0131r, ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 yava\u015flar. Derine a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma azal\u0131r ve hemen hemen sona erer. Bu duruma eri\u015fmi\u015f bir akarsuyun yata\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki p\u00fcr\u00fczler,\u015felaleler ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Akarsu yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131ndan kayna\u011fa do\u011fru uzanan profili i\u00e7 b\u00fckey d\u00fczenli bir e\u011fri halindedir. Buna denge profili denir. Denge profiline ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f akarsular yava\u015f ak\u0131\u015fl\u0131 ve enerji potansiyelleri az olur. Ayn\u0131 zamanda bu akarsular ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7in elveri\u015flidirler. T\u00fcrkiye’deki akarsular genellikle denge profilini almam\u0131\u015f akarsulard\u0131r. Bunun nedeni T\u00fcrkiye’nin bu g\u00fcnk\u00fc yery\u00fcz\u00fc \u015feklini yak\u0131n bir jeolojik devirde (IV.Zaman ba\u015flar\u0131) alm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Nitekim T\u00fcrkiye’nin III.Zaman sonunda peneplen halinde iken IV.Zaman ba\u015f\u0131nda toptan y\u00fckselmi\u015f oldu\u011fu tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Bunun sonucu olarak T\u00fcrkiye’de da\u011flara oranla daha geni\u015f yer kaplayan ova ve platolar y\u00fckseklerde kalm\u0131\u015f ve akarsular\u0131n denge profili de bozulmu\u015ftur. Bu nedenle T\u00fcrkiye’deki akarsulardan ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k sahas\u0131nda istifade edilememektedir.
\n2-VAD\u0130
\n Vadi:Akarsular\u0131n yataklar\u0131n\u0131 derine ve yana a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131 ile olu\u015fan ve s\u00fcrekli ini\u015fi olan uzun \u00e7ukurlard\u0131r. De\u011fi\u015fik \u015fekilleri vard\u0131r.
\na)Bo\u011faz Vadi:Y\u00fcksek yerlerde derine a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma ile olu\u015fmu\u015f vadilerdir. Yama\u00e7lar dik vadi dard\u0131r. Da\u011flar\u0131 enine yaran \u0131rmak vadileri T\u00fcrkiye’de kuzey ve g\u00fcney y\u00f6nl\u00fc ula\u015f\u0131mda kolayl\u0131k sa\u011flar. Bunlara yama\u00e7 vadileri de denir. \u00d6rnek Marmara da Gevye Bo\u011faz\u0131,K\u00fcre da\u011flar\u0131nda K\u0131z\u0131l\u0131rmak vadisi Canik Da\u011flar\u0131nda Ye\u015fil\u0131rmak Vadisi,Akdeniz de \u00c7ubuk ve G\u00fclek bo\u011fazlar\u0131 gibi.
\nb)Kanyon Vadierine a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmay\u0131 tamamlayan akarsuyun ge\u00e7ti\u011fi b\u00f6lgenin Epirojenik hareketler sonucu y\u00fckselmesi yada denizlerin \u00e7ekilmesi sonucu akarsu yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tekrar derinle\u015ftirir. B\u00f6ylece vadi yama\u00e7lar\u0131ndaki seki(tara\u00e7a) denilen basamaklar olu\u015fur. Kalkerli arazilerde farkl\u0131 kayalar\u0131n erimesi sonucunda da kanyon vadi olu\u015fur. \u00d6rne\u011fin Akdeniz’de G\u00f6ksu Kanyonu gibi.
\nc)\u00c7entik Vadi:Baz\u0131 vadilerin profili V bi\u00e7imindedir. Bu t\u00fcr vadilere \u00e7entik vadi denir. Bu tip vadiler genelde akarsular\u0131n yukar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar\u0131nda olu\u015furlar. Ayn\u0131 zamanda akarsular\u0131n ilk olu\u015ftuklar\u0131 d\u00f6nemdeki gen\u00e7 vadilerdir.
\nd)Yat\u0131k Yama\u00e7l\u0131 Vadi:Yana a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rman\u0131n fazla oldu\u011fu ve yama\u00e7lar\u0131n yat\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde vadilerin profili geni\u015fler ve yat\u0131k yama\u00e7l\u0131 vadiler meydana gelir. Bu tip vadilerin genellikle al\u00fcvyonla kapl\u0131 geni\u015f bir tabanlar\u0131 da vard\u0131r.
\ne)Geni\u015f (al\u00fcvyal) Tabanl\u0131 Vadi:Yana a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rman\u0131n etkisi ile geni\u015fleyen vadilerdir. E\u011fimin azalmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak birikmelerle al\u00fcvyon bir taban olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.
\n3-MENDERES(B\u00fckl\u00fcm)
\n Akarsular yataklar\u0131n\u0131 yanlara do\u011fru da a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131rlar sular bazen bir yamaca bazen \u00f6tekine \u00e7arpar. \u00c7arpma ile yama\u00e7lar\u0131n alt\u0131 kaz\u0131l\u0131r,zamanla y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r ve daha \u00e7ok geriler. B\u00f6ylece bir akarsu vadisindeki girintiler \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar b\u00fckl\u00fcmler halini al\u0131r. Bu b\u00fckl\u00fcmler b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e vadi geni\u015fler yama\u00e7lar geriler. Bir akarsu vadisinde mendereslerin olu\u015fmas\u0131 yatak e\u011fiminin azalmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bir akarsuda mendereslerin artmas\u0131 bu akarsuyun :
\n Yatak e\u011fiminin azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131
\n Uzunlu\u011funun artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131
\n H\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131
\n A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.
\n T\u00fcrkiye’de \u00f6zellikle Ege b\u00f6lgesinde bulunan akarsular (Gediz,Bak\u0131r\u00e7ay.K.Menderes,B.Menderes) son derece belirgin menderesler meydana getirirler.
\n4-PER\u0130BACALARI
\n Peribacalar\u0131 volkanik t\u00fcf ve millerle kapl\u0131 yama\u00e7larda sellenme sonucunda meydana gelirler. Yama\u00e7taki t\u00fcf ve miller aras\u0131nda yer yer daha diren\u00e7li tabakalar veya bloklar varsa bunlar altlar\u0131ndaki yumu\u015fak k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 sellenmeye kar\u015f\u0131 korurlar. B\u00f6ylece \u00fczerine \u015fapka gibi bir kaya par\u00e7as\u0131 duran s\u00fctunlar\u0131 and\u0131ran garip \u015fekiller meydana gelmi\u015f olur. Peribacalar\u0131 \u00fclkemizde \u00f6zellikle \u00dcrg\u00fcp ve Nev\u015fehir dolaylar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Peribacalar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fekillenmesinde ayn\u0131 zamanda r\u00fczgar\u0131n da dolayl\u0131 etkisi vard\u0131r.
\n5-KIRGIBAYIR(Badlands)
\n Sel sular\u0131n\u0131n etkisi ile yama\u00e7lar yar\u0131l\u0131r ve ayn\u0131 zamanda gittik\u00e7e yat\u0131kla\u015f\u0131r. Bu arada yar\u0131 kurak b\u00f6lgelerde mil ve t\u00fcf gibi maddelerden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yama\u00e7lar \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok s\u0131k sel yar\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131ndan olu\u015fmu\u015f karmakar\u0131\u015f\u0131k ve \u00fczerinde dola\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7ok zor olan baz\u0131 \u015fekillerde meydana gelir bunlara k\u0131rg\u0131bay\u0131r ad\u0131 verilir.
\n6-DEV KAZANI
\n Akarsular\u0131n \u00e7a\u011flayan yaparak d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerlerde olu\u015fan a\u015f\u0131n\u0131m \u015fekillerdir.
\n7-PLATOLAR
\n Akarsular taraf\u0131ndan derince kaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f d\u00fczl\u00fcklerdir bu d\u00fczl\u00fckler eski peneplenlerin gen\u00e7le\u015fmesi-y\u00fckselmesi sonucunda olu\u015furlar. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 da lav d\u00fczl\u00fckleridir.
\n8-PENEPLEN(YONTUKD\u00dcZ)
\n Akarsular yerkabu\u011funun y\u00fcksek k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rarak \u00e7ukur yerleri doldurarak yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fczle\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. \u0130rili ufakl\u0131 bir \u00e7ok akarsu taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmaya ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00e7ok uzun bir zaman sonucun da b\u00fct\u00fcn arazi al\u00e7alm\u0131\u015f engebelik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan silikle\u015fmi\u015f olur. B\u00f6ylece karalar\u0131n y\u00fczeyi deniz seviyesi yak\u0131nlar\u0131na kadar al\u00e7alt\u0131l\u0131r ve hafif dalgal\u0131 bir d\u00fczl\u00fck haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Akarsu a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131 sonucunda meydana gelen bu gibi d\u00fczl\u00fcklere peneplen ad\u0131 verilir. T\u00fcrkiye III.Zaman\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda peneplen halinde iken IV.Zaman\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda t\u00fcmden y\u00fckselmi\u015f ve peneplen y\u00fczeyi y\u00fckseklerde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye’deki ova ve platolar\u0131n y\u00fckseklerde bulunmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni bu peneplen y\u00fczeylerinin y\u00fckselmesidir.<\/p>\n
AKARSULARDA A\u015eINDIRMA<\/p>\n
AKARSU A\u015eINIM \u015eEK\u0130LLER\u0130
\n DENGE PROF\u0130L\u0130
\n Akarsu a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131 a\u011f\u0131zdan kayna\u011fa do\u011frudur. Bu a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmada alt s\u0131n\u0131r Taban Seviyesidir. A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma ile birlikte e\u011fim, ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 ve a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma azal\u0131r.T\u00fcrkiye akarsular\u0131 \u00e7ok e\u011fimli bir arazide akt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Denge Profiline ula\u015fabilmesi \u00e7ok zordur. <\/p>\n
MENDERES (B\u00dcKL\u00dcM)
\n Akarsu yata\u011f\u0131nda e\u011fimin azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde, akarsu d\u00fczenli b\u00fckl\u00fcmler yaparak sa\u011fa, sola do\u011fru k\u0131vr\u0131la k\u0131vr\u0131la akar. Enine a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma etkilidir. Ege B\u00f6lgesindeki Akarsular menderesler \u00e7izerek akarlar. \u00d6rnek:B.Menderes. Bu akarsularda h\u0131z a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma g\u00fcc\u00fc ve yatak e\u011fimi azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Akarsuyun uzunlu\u011fu artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7evresinden kopard\u0131\u011f\u0131 par\u00e7alar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131za biriktirir.<\/p>\n
VAD\u0130
\n Akarsular\u0131n a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fan en yayg\u0131n a\u015f\u0131n\u0131m \u015feklidir. Akarsularda derine ve enine do\u011fru a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma sonucu vadiler olu\u015fur. Akarsu yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kenarda kalan k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131na vadi denir. 5 \u00e7e\u015fit vadi \u015fekli vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
PENEPLEN ( YONTUKD\u00dcZ )
\n Akarsular akt\u0131klar\u0131 araziyi milyonlarca y\u0131l a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rarak, deniz seviyesine kadar al\u00e7alt\u0131rlar. Sonu\u00e7ta a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lacak y\u00fckselti kalmay\u0131nca ortaya hafif dalgal\u0131 bir d\u00fczl\u00fck ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. \u0130\u015fte bu akarsu a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n en son \u015fekli olan peneplen ( yontukd\u00fcz) dir. Daha \u00f6nceki jeolojik devirlerde epirojenez hareketi ile T\u00fcrkiye peneplen halinde iken III. Zaman\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda toptan y\u00fckselmeye maruz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle \u00fclkemiz \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen y\u00fcksek yerlerde d\u00fczl\u00fckler bulunmas\u0131 bu nedenledir. <\/p>\n
PER\u0130 BACALARI
\n Volkanik arazilerde kolay a\u015f\u0131nabilen mil ve t\u00fcflerin a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fan \u015fekillerdir. En \u00f6nemli a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma etkisi sellenmedir. R\u00fczgarlar\u0131nda az bir etkisi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bunlar\u0131n \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131nda daha diren\u00e7li kayalarda bulunabilir. \u00d6rnek: Nev\u015fehirde \u00dcrg\u00fcp, G\u00f6reme Peri Bacalar\u0131.<\/p>\n
KIRGIBAYIR (BADLANDS)
\n Mil t\u00fcf gibi maddelerden meydana gelen arazilerde ve \u00f6zellikle bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn az oldu\u011fu yerlerde \u00e7ok s\u0131k sel yar\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 olu\u015fur. Bu \u015fekillerin \u00e7ok oldu\u011fu a\u015f\u0131nma \u015fekillerine k\u0131rg\u0131bay\u0131r (badlands) denir.
\nDEV KAZANI
\n Akarsular\u0131n \u015felalelerden d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fckleri yerlerde mekanik a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma sonucu olu\u015fan \u00e7ukurlara dev kazan\u0131 denir.<\/p>\n
PLATO:
\n Akarsular taraf\u0131ndan par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f geni\u015f d\u00fczl\u00fckler olan platolar asl\u0131nda bir akarsu a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma \u015fekli de\u011fildir. Fakat platoluk alanlarda akan akarsular vadilerini derine do\u011fru a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rarak a\u015f\u0131n\u0131m yaparlar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
1) Kimyasal a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma: Akarsuyun ge\u00e7ti\u011fi yerlerdeki kolay eriyebilen kayalar\u0131 eriterek beraberinde ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 olay\u0131d\u0131r. 2) Mekanik a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma: Akarsular\u0131n a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131 daha \u00e7ok mekanik yolla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Mekanik A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmada Etkili Olan Fakt\u00f6rler 1) Akarsu yatak e\u011fimi, 2) Akarsuyun ak\u0131m\u0131, 3) Akarsuyun ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131, 4) Akarsuyun y\u00fck miktar\u0131, 5) Akarsuyu yata\u011f\u0131 \u00e7evresindeki bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc, 6) Akarsu yata\u011f\u0131ndaki kayalar\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fi, *Akarsular …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[4269,3288,4172,4171,4272,3285,4271,4173,4270,3213],"class_list":["post-1508","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-akarsu-yatak-egimi","tag-akarsularda-asindirma","tag-avanos","tag-goreme","tag-ihlara-vadisi","tag-kanyon-vadi","tag-peribacalari","tag-urgup","tag-vadi-tipleri","tag-volkanik-tuf"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1508","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1508"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1508\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1508"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1508"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1508"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}