Yapra\u011f\u0131n dahi k\u0131m\u0131ldamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131cak bir yaz g\u00fcn\u00fcnde birdenbire ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan serinletici meltemler, denizleri alt \u00fcst eden, a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 k\u00f6k\u00fcnden s\u00f6k\u00fcp, arabalar\u0131 ve evleri, oradan oraya savuran kas\u0131rgalar, F\u0131rt\u0131na Bulutlar\u0131bulutlar\u0131 \u00f6nlerine kat\u0131p biraraya getiren ve ya\u011fmurlar\u0131 ba\u015flatan f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u2026 Hepsi \u00e7o\u011fu ki\u015finin s\u0131radan bir do\u011fa olay\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc R\u00fczg\u00e2rlar sayesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Peki nas\u0131l oluyor da bir R\u00fczg\u00e2r, y\u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc hafif hafif ok\u015fayan bir esinti iken ge\u00e7ti\u011fi yerleri darmada\u011f\u0131n eden kas\u0131rgalara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febiliyor?<\/p>\n
R\u00fczg\u00e2rlar Nas\u0131l Olu\u015fur?<\/p>\n
Atmosfer Havan\u0131n \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131, \u0131s\u0131nan k\u00fctlenin geni\u015flemesine, dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile harekete ge\u00e7erek y\u00fckselmesine neden olur. Y\u00fckselen hava k\u00fctlesi \u201ckorunmu\u015f tavan\u201d \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6steren atmosferin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kamaz.<\/p>\n
Bu nedenle de y\u00fckselen hava k\u00fctlesi \u00f6nce dikey sonra yatay y\u00f6nde hareket eder. \u0130\u015fte bu noktada havan\u0131n \u0131s\u0131n\u0131p k\u00fctlesel olarak yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi, yerk\u00fcre \u00fczerinde \u00e7e\u015fitli bas\u0131n\u00e7 merkezleri olu\u015fmas\u0131na neden olur. Ancak atmosferin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerinde ayn\u0131 de\u011fildir. Yer\u00e7ekimine, s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa ve bulunulan yerin y\u00fcksekli\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fir. Bu bi\u00e7imde y\u00fcksek ve al\u00e7ak bas\u0131n\u00e7 merkezleri olu\u015fur. Atmosferdeki y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 alanlar\u0131 tepelere, al\u00e7ak bas\u0131n\u00e7 alanlar\u0131 ise \u00e7ukurlara benzetilebilir. Hava da t\u0131pk\u0131 su gibi ak\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahiptir. Hava, y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 alanlar\u0131ndan al\u00e7ak bas\u0131n\u00e7 alanlar\u0131na do\u011fru, sanki yama\u00e7lardan akan su gibi hareket eder ve R\u00fczg\u00e2rlar\u0131 meydana getirir.<\/p>\n
Hava S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Belirleyen R\u00fczg\u00e2rlar<\/p>\n
Meltemler, s\u0131cak mevsimlerde, karalar ve denizler aras\u0131ndaki ve bas\u0131n\u00e7 fark\u0131ndan do\u011fan k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli r\u00fczg\u00e2rlard\u0131r. Hava s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu \u00f6\u011fle saatlerinde, kara \u00e7ok fazla \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fczerindeki bas\u0131n\u00e7 al\u00e7al\u0131r. Bu bi\u00e7imde y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 merkezi olan denizden, al\u00e7ak bas\u0131n\u00e7 merkezi olan karaya do\u011fru esen R\u00fczg\u00e2r havay\u0131 serinletir.
\n Burada dikkat edilmesi gereken nokta, bu R\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131n s\u0131cak mevsimde ve g\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u0131cak saatlerinde denizden eserek havay\u0131 serinletmesidir. Geceleri ise hava zaten serin oldu\u011fundan daha fazla serinlemesine gerek yoktur. Bu nedenle mekanizma tersine d\u00f6nerek i\u015fler. \u00dclkemizin Ege k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda yer alan \u0130zmir\u2019de yaz aylar\u0131nda esen imbat bu R\u00fczg\u00e2ra tipik \u00f6rnektir.<\/p>\n
R\u00fczgar<\/p>\n
Baz\u0131 R\u00fczg\u00e2rlar ise geldikleri yere g\u00f6re daha s\u0131cakt\u0131r. Bu gruptakilerin en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan\u0131 F\u00f6n ad\u0131 verilen R\u00fczg\u00e2rlard\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu R\u00fczg\u00e2rlar y\u00fckselen hava k\u00fctlesinin bir da\u011f\u0131 a\u015farak \u00f6teki yama\u00e7ta al\u00e7almas\u0131 ile olu\u015furlar. R\u00fczg\u00e2rla ta\u015f\u0131nan hava al\u00e7alma hareketi s\u0131ras\u0131nda her 100 m.de 1 0C kadar \u0131s\u0131n\u0131r ve di\u011fer yamaca s\u0131cak ve kuru olarak iner. Bu R\u00fczg\u00e2rlar, \u0130svi\u00e7re Alplerinin kuzey yama\u00e7lar\u0131 ve \u00fclkemizin Do\u011fu Karadeniz ve Toros da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n denize bakan kesimlerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. B\u00f6ylece buralarda esen R\u00fczg\u00e2rlar, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n da\u011fl\u0131k ve serin k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131na hakim olan sert iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 yumu\u015fatma g\u00f6revini yerine getirmi\u015f olur.<\/p>\n
Ya\u011fmur<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde atmosferin genel dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7inde s\u00fcrekli esen R\u00fczg\u00e2rlar Alizeler ile Bat\u0131 R\u00fczg\u00e2rlar\u0131, yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7e\u015fitli k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n iklim ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015f \u00f6zelli\u011fi \u00fczerinde etkili olurlar. Bu R\u00fczg\u00e2rlar nemli hava k\u00fctlelerini \u00f6nlerine katarak s\u00fcr\u00fckler veya havan\u0131n y\u00fckselerek so\u011fumas\u0131na neden olurlar. So\u011fuyan havan\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulunan su buhar\u0131 yo\u011fu\u015fur ve ya\u011fmur halinde yery\u00fcz\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015fer. Nitekim ortalama 300 kuzey ve g\u00fcney enlemleri aras\u0131nda esen Alizelerin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 hava daima y\u00fckselerek so\u011fur ve bu y\u00fczden ekvatoral ku\u015fakta bol ya\u011f\u0131\u015f meydana gelir.<\/p>\n
Sahil<\/p>\n
Bat\u0131 R\u00fczg\u00e2rlar\u0131 ise orta ku\u015faktaki karalar\u0131n bat\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na nemli deniz havas\u0131n\u0131 getirir; buralar\u0131n \u0131l\u0131k ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.
\n Bat\u0131 R\u00fczg\u00e2rlar\u0131 gibi nemli deniz havas\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan di\u011fer R\u00fczg\u00e2rlar musonlard\u0131r. G\u00fcney ve Do\u011fu Asya \u00fclkeleri, Gine K\u00f6rfezi, Do\u011fu Afrika, Meksika K\u00f6rfezi ve Orta Amerika k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda etkili olan bu R\u00fczg\u00e2rlar kara ve denizler aras\u0131ndaki \u0131s\u0131nma ve bas\u0131n\u00e7 farklar\u0131 nedeniyle mevsimlere g\u00f6re farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterirler. Yaz\u0131n karaya, k\u0131\u015f\u0131n denize do\u011fru esen bu R\u00fczg\u00e2rlar yaz\u0131n denizden getirdikleri nemli havay\u0131 kara \u00fczerinde b\u0131rak\u0131rlar. Bu nedenle bir\u00e7ok kalabal\u0131k muson \u00fclkesinde tar\u0131m\u0131n temelini, bu yaz ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 meydana getirir.<\/p>\n
R\u00fczg\u00e2rlar Enerji Kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnyadaki enerji talebi her y\u0131l %4-5 civar\u0131nda artmaktad\u0131r. Fakat elektrik enerjisinin \u00fcretilmesinde \u00e7o\u011funlukla kullan\u0131lan fosil yak\u0131tlar g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e t\u00fckenmektedir. Hatta baz\u0131 bilim adamlar\u0131 2030 y\u0131l\u0131nda petrol rezervlerinin ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layamayaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndedir. Ayr\u0131ca sanayi devriminden bu yana atmosferdeki CO2 oran\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak %30 oran\u0131nda artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n Bu durum fosil yak\u0131t kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n atmosfere verdi\u011fi zarar\u0131 da ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle R\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisi yenilenebilir enerjiler aras\u0131ndaki en geli\u015fmi\u015f ve ticari a\u00e7\u0131dan en elveri\u015fli enerji t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.
\n Tamam\u0131yla do\u011fa ile uyumlu oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n atmosfere verdi\u011fi zehirli gazlar R\u00fczg\u00e2r t\u00fcrbinleri i\u00e7in yoktur. T\u00fckenme ihtimali olmayan bir enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi en ucuz yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Uygun R\u00fczg\u00e2r alanlar\u0131nda, geleneksel fosil yak\u0131tlar ve n\u00fckleer enerji ile rahat rekabet edebilecek d\u00fczeydedir. Maliyeti de R\u00fczg\u00e2r teknolojisi geli\u015ftik\u00e7e ve kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n
R\u00fczg\u00e2r t\u00fcrbinleri kurulduklar\u0131 alan\u0131n sadece %1\u2019ini kullan\u0131rlar dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile kalan k\u0131s\u0131mlarda tar\u0131msal faaliyetler yap\u0131labilir. Bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnyan\u0131n toplam teknik R\u00fczg\u00e2r potansiyeli y\u0131ll\u0131k 53.000 Terawattsaattir. Bu de\u011fer b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc elektrik t\u00fcketiminin 4 kat\u0131d\u0131r. Son y\u0131llarda R\u00fczg\u00e2r t\u00fcrbinlerindeki h\u0131zl\u0131 geli\u015fim beraberinde b\u00fcy\u00fck enerji miktarlar\u0131n\u0131n bu santraller taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilebilece\u011fi ger\u00e7e\u011fini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
R\u00fczg\u00e2rlar yelkenli gemiler devrinde \u00f6nemli rol oynam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Alizelere baz\u0131 yabanc\u0131 dillerde \u201cticaret R\u00fczg\u00e2rlar\u201d ad\u0131 verilmesinin nedeni de budur. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de gemiler R\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131n itici g\u00fcc\u00fcnden yararlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
R\u00fczg\u00e2rlar\u0131n A\u015f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 \u00d6zelli\u011fi<\/p>\n
R\u00fczg\u00e2rlar ya\u011fmur damlas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturacak kristalleri ta\u015f\u0131yarak bulutlar\u0131, tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ile de bitkileri a\u015f\u0131lar.
\n E\u011fer R\u00fczg\u00e2rlar bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc ile olmasayd\u0131;
\n R\u00fczg\u00e2rlar\u0131n etkisi ile ya\u011fmur ya\u011fan muson \u00fclkelerinde ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n az ya\u011fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya gecikti\u011fi y\u0131llarda k\u0131tl\u0131klar olurdu.
\n R\u00fczg\u00e2rlar\u0131n her \u015feyin Hakimi Allah\u2019\u0131n belirledi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcden daha h\u0131zl\u0131 esmesi durumunda s\u00fcrekli olarak f\u0131rt\u0131nalar meydana gelirdi. \u00d6zellikle tropikal ku\u015fakta g\u00f6r\u00fclen ve h\u0131zlar\u0131 saatte birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz km.yi bulan sarmal hava hareketleri bi\u00e7imindeki tayfunlar y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 ve tahrip edici etkisi ile b\u00fcy\u00fck zararlara neden olurdu. Nitekim ABD’nin Michigan Eyaletinde 1953 y\u0131l\u0131nda meydana gelen kas\u0131rgada y\u00fczlerce insan \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f, bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi de evsiz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n R\u00fczg\u00e2rlar\u0131n serinletici etkisi kavurucu bir so\u011fu\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir veya \u00e7\u00f6l b\u00f6lgelerinde esen Hamsin, Sirokko gibi adlar alan s\u0131cak kurak R\u00fczg\u00e2rlar bi\u00e7iminde olabilirdi. Her iki durumda da bitkisel ya\u015fam olanaks\u0131z olurdu, bitkisel ya\u015fam\u0131n olmamas\u0131 ise besin zinciri gere\u011fi t\u00fcm canl\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n yok olmas\u0131na neden olurdu.
\n \u0130klimler al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00f6zelliklerinden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 olurdu. Bug\u00fcn kullan\u0131m\u0131 gittik\u00e7e artan ve alternatif enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen R\u00fczg\u00e2rlardan hi\u00e7 s\u00f6z edilemezdi.
\n A\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r ki r\u00fczgarlar insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n emrine verilmi\u015f, ‘olmassa olmaz’ bir nimettir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Yapra\u011f\u0131n dahi k\u0131m\u0131ldamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131cak bir yaz g\u00fcn\u00fcnde birdenbire ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan serinletici meltemler, denizleri alt \u00fcst eden, a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 k\u00f6k\u00fcnden s\u00f6k\u00fcp, arabalar\u0131 ve evleri, oradan oraya savuran kas\u0131rgalar, F\u0131rt\u0131na Bulutlar\u0131bulutlar\u0131 \u00f6nlerine kat\u0131p biraraya getiren ve ya\u011fmurlar\u0131 ba\u015flatan f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u2026 Hepsi \u00e7o\u011fu ki\u015finin s\u0131radan bir do\u011fa olay\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc R\u00fczg\u00e2rlar sayesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Peki nas\u0131l oluyor da bir R\u00fczg\u00e2r, y\u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[2796,4319,4320,4318,4316,4317,4321,3148,3199],"class_list":["post-1537","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-atmosfer","tag-bati-ruzgarlari","tag-fosil-yakit","tag-hava-sicakligini-belirleyen-ruzgarlar","tag-ruzgarin-ozellikleri","tag-ruzgarlar-nasil-olusur","tag-ruzgarlarin-asilayici-ozelligi","tag-yagmur","tag-yuksek-basinc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1537","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1537"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1537\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1537"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1537"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1537"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}