Y\u00fczlerce y\u0131l \u00f6nce gemileriyle M\u0131s\u0131r limanlar\u0131na gelen Yunanl\u0131 t\u00fcccarlar, Nil Irma\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n denize ula\u015fan iki kolunun aras\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7gen bi\u00e7iminde d\u00fcz bir kara par\u00e7as\u0131 bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fcler. Yunan alfabesinin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc harfi delta (\u0394) ile ayn\u0131 bi\u00e7imde oldu\u011fundan bu kara par\u00e7as\u0131na delta ad\u0131n\u0131 verdiler. Delta terimi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, Nil Irma\u011f\u0131’nda oldu\u011fu gibi, akarsular\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 mil (bal\u00e7\u0131k) ya da tortullar\u0131n \u0131rmak a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131nda birikmesiyle olu\u015fan s\u0131\u011f d\u00fczl\u00fckleri tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\nDeltalar bir \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n sular\u0131n\u0131n nerdeyse hareketsiz oldu\u011fu \u0131rmak a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131nda olu\u015fur. H\u0131zl\u0131 akan sular\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7amur ve tortullar suyun ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na kap\u0131larak, dibe \u00e7\u00f6kecek zaman bulamazlar. Ne var ki, akarsu daha sakin, hareketsiz bir su k\u00fctlesiyle birle\u015fti\u011finde ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 yava\u015flar ve \u00e7amur dibe \u00e7\u00f6ker. Bu \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc yava\u015f yava\u015f, katmanlar halinde birikir. Kara d\u00fczeyine ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda dalgalar\u0131n getirdi\u011fi \u00e7amurlarla daha da y\u00fckselir ve biriken tortullar su bitkileri taraf\u0131ndan s\u0131k\u0131ca bir arada tutulur. B\u00f6ylece olu\u015fan deltan\u0131n y\u00fczeyi olduk\u00e7a d\u00fczd\u00fcr. Genelde gelgitlerin ya da ak\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7ok az oldu\u011fu bir denize d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcrse \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck deltalar olu\u015fabilir. Hindistan’da Ganj ve Brahmaputra \u0131rmaklar\u0131 Bcngal K\u00f6rfezi’ne do\u011fru 350 km uzanan ve alan\u0131 Konya ilimizin yakla\u015f\u0131k 2,5 kat\u0131 olan bir delta olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Mississippi deltas\u0131 da Meksika K\u00f6rfezi’nin i\u00e7lerine 320 km girer ve yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 y\u0131lda 1 kilometrelik bir h\u0131zla denize do\u011fru uzar. Deltalar b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e bir zamanlar k\u0131y\u0131larda kurulmu\u015f olan kentler karalar\u0131n i\u00e7erlerinde kal\u0131r. Adriya Denizi’nde, Po deltas\u0131 yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bulunan Eski Roma limanlar\u0131ndan Ravenna bug\u00fcn k\u0131y\u0131dan 19 km i\u00e7eridedir.
\nBazen delta bir su k\u00fctlesini ikiye b\u00f6ler. \u00c7ok \u00f6nceleri, California K\u00f6rfezi \u015fimdiki durumuna g\u00f6re 240 km daha kuzeydeydi. Zamanla Colorado Irma\u011f\u0131 deltas\u0131, kuzeyde kalan suyu denizden ay\u0131rd\u0131. Kara i\u00e7inde kalan su kuruyunca burada Salton Havzas\u0131 denen b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7ukur olu\u015ftu. \u0130svi\u00e7re’nin \u0130nterlaken kenti dar Thun G\u00f6l\u00fc’n\u00fc ikiye b\u00f6len bir delta \u00fczerine kuruludur.
\nAkarsular bitki yeti\u015ftirmeye uygun verimli topraklan denize ta\u015f\u0131rlar. Deltalar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131yla biriken bu topraklardan \u00e7ok bereketli tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131 elde edilir. Bu nedenle, Nil deltas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, sel tehlikesine ve sa\u011fl\u0131ks\u0131z iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, deltalarda \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan ya\u015far. Afrika’da Nijer, G\u00fcney Amerika’da Orinoko, Do\u011fu Avrupa’ da Tuna ve \u00c7in’de Huang He (Sar\u0131 Irmak) di\u011fer \u00fcnl\u00fc deltalard\u0131r.
\nT\u00fcrkiye’nin k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda hemen hemen t\u00fcm \u00f6nemli \u0131rmaklar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131nda deltalar olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Bunun ba\u015fl\u0131ca nedeni, denizlerimizde gelgit etkisinin \u00e7ok belirgin olmamas\u0131 ve akarsular\u0131n getirdi\u011fi tortullar\u0131n \u0131rmak a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131nda birikebilmesidir. \u00dclkemizin en b\u00fcy\u00fck delta ovas\u0131 \u00c7ukurova’d\u0131r. Bu delta \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 akarsuyun getirdi\u011fi mil ve tortullar\u0131n birikmesiyle olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Seyhan, Ceyhan \u0131rmaklar\u0131 deltalar\u0131 ile Tarsus \u00c7ay\u0131 deltas\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015fmesiyle olu\u015fan \u00c7ukurova’n\u0131n, do\u011fu-bat\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde uzunlu\u011fu 100 kilometreyi bulur. Gene Akdeniz’e d\u00f6k\u00fclen G\u00f6ksu’nun a\u011fz\u0131nda boyu 18 kilometreyi bulan bir delta vard\u0131r.
\nKaradeniz’e d\u00f6k\u00fclen K\u0131z\u0131l\u0131rmak ve Ye\u015fil\u0131rmak’\u0131n a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131ndaki deltalar Bafra Ovas\u0131 ve \u00c7ar\u015famba Ovas\u0131 adlar\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131rlar. K\u00fct burunlu bir delta g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcnde olan Ye\u015fil\u0131rmak deltas\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131da 55 km boyunca uzan\u0131r. \u0130zmir’in hemen kuzeyinde denize d\u00f6k\u00fclen Gediz Irma\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n getirdi\u011fi tortullar 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130zmir K\u00f6rfezi’ni t\u0131kamaya ba\u015flay\u0131nca, \u0131rmak a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131n yeri de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.
\nK\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Menderes ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Menderes deltalar\u0131 \u00fclkenin en verimli ovalar\u0131ndand\u0131r. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Menderes’in getirdi\u011fi tortullar, eskiden bir liman kenti olan tarihi Efes kentini karan\u0131n i\u00e7lerinde b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Y\u00fczlerce y\u0131l \u00f6nce gemileriyle M\u0131s\u0131r limanlar\u0131na gelen Yunanl\u0131 t\u00fcccarlar, Nil Irma\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n denize ula\u015fan iki kolunun aras\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7gen bi\u00e7iminde d\u00fcz bir kara par\u00e7as\u0131 bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fcler. Yunan alfabesinin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc harfi delta (\u0394) ile ayn\u0131 bi\u00e7imde oldu\u011fundan bu kara par\u00e7as\u0131na delta ad\u0131n\u0131 verdiler. Delta terimi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, Nil Irma\u011f\u0131’nda oldu\u011fu gibi, akarsular\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 mil (bal\u00e7\u0131k) ya da tortullar\u0131n \u0131rmak …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[3229,3816,3005,4356,4355,4166,3004],"class_list":["post-1553","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-akarsu","tag-delta","tag-kizilirmak","tag-mississippi","tag-misir","tag-nil-irmagi","tag-yesilirmak"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1553","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1553"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1553\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1553"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1553"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1553"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}