Ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar ve yer alt\u0131 sular\u0131, kalker, jips, kayatuzu, dolomit gibi eriyebilen, k\u0131r\u0131k ve \u00e7atlaklar\u0131n \u00e7ok oldu\u011fu ta\u015flar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yerlerde, kimyasal a\u015f\u0131n\u0131ma neden olurlar. Kimyasal a\u015f\u0131n\u0131m sonunda olu\u015fan \u015fekillere karstik \u015fekiller denir.<\/p>\n
Ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n ve yeralt\u0131 sular\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu karstik a\u015f\u0131n\u0131m \u015fekillerinin a\u015f\u0131n\u0131m \u015fekillerinin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckleri de\u011fi\u015fkendir. Karstik a\u015f\u0131n\u0131m \u015fekilleri \u015funlard\u0131r :<\/p>\n
Lapya : Kalkerli yama\u00e7larda ya\u011fmur ve kar sular\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczeyi eriterek a\u00e7t\u0131klar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oluklard\u0131r. Olu\u015fan \u00e7ukurluklar keskin s\u0131rtlarda yan yana s\u0131raland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan y\u00fczey p\u00fcr\u00fczl\u00fcd\u00fcr. B\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckleri birka\u00e7 cm ile birka\u00e7 metre aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\n
Dolin : Kalker platolar \u00fczerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen, oval \u015fekilli erime \u00e7ukurluklar\u0131d\u0131r. Genellikle derinlikleri az, geni\u015flikleri fazlad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00f6zellikle Toroslar\u2019da dolinler yayg\u0131n olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Halk aras\u0131nda kokurdan, koyak, tava gibi adlar verilir. Dolinler olu\u015fum \u015fekillerine g\u00f6re iki gruba ayr\u0131l\u0131r :<\/p>\n
Erime Dolini : Kalker y\u00fczeyler \u00fczerinde, ya\u011f\u0131\u015f sular\u0131n\u0131n eritmesiyle olu\u015fan karstik \u015fekildir. Erime dolinlerinin taban\u0131nda y\u00fczey sular\u0131n\u0131n derine do\u011fru sozd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7atlak ve delikler bulunur. Dolin tabanlar\u0131nda erimeden geriye kalan killi materyalin birikmesiyle olu\u015fan terra rossa topraklar\u0131 bulunur.<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00f6kme Dolini : Yeralt\u0131nda bulunan ma\u011fara sistemlerinin tavanlar\u0131n\u0131n incelerek \u00e7\u00f6kmesi ile olu\u015fan karstik \u015fekillerdir. \u00c7\u00f6kme dolinleri, derinliklerinin fazla olu\u015fu, yama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fimli olu\u015fu ve tabanlar\u0131ndaki iri bloklar halinde maddeler bulunmas\u0131 nedeniyle erime dolinlerinden kolayca ay\u0131rtedilirler.<\/p>\n
Uvala : Geni\u015fleyip, derinle\u015fen dolinlerin birle\u015fmesiyle olu\u015fan, dolinlerden daha b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7ukurluklard\u0131r. Uvalar\u0131n d\u00fczensiz \u015fekle sahip olmas\u0131 ve tabanlar\u0131ndaki erimeden geriye kalan kalker \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 dolinlerden kolayca ay\u0131rtedilmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Obruk : Baca veya kuyu \u015feklinde, keskin k\u00f6\u015feli, derin \u00e7ukurluklara obruk denir. Derinli\u011fi 250-300 m\u2019yi bulabilen obruklar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n taban\u0131nda g\u00f6l bulunur. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019nun g\u00fcneyinde ve Toroslar\u2019da yayg\u0131n olarak obruklar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u0130\u00e7el\u2019deki Cennet-Cehennem ma\u011faralar\u0131 ve Konya\u2019daki K\u0131z\u00f6ren obru\u011fu \u00fclkemizdeki en g\u00fczel \u00f6rneklerdir.<\/p>\n
Polye : Karstik y\u00f6relerdeki geni\u015fli\u011fi birka\u00e7 kilometre olan, uzunlu\u011fu 20-30 kilometreyi bulan, hatta ge\u00e7ebilen ova g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcml\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck karstik \u00e7ukurlara polye denir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00f6zellikle Toroslar\u2019da polyeler yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin; Akdeniz B\u00f6lgesi\u2019ndeki Ketsel, Elmal\u0131 ve Akseki ovas\u0131 birer polyedir.<\/p>\n
Ma\u011fara : Kalkerli arazilerde \u00e7atlaklar boyunca yeralt\u0131na s\u0131zan sular\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck bo\u015fluklara ma\u011fara denir. Damlata\u015f, Narl\u0131kuyu, D\u00fcden, \u0130nsuyu, K\u0131z\u0131lin ma\u011faralar\u0131 en \u00fcnl\u00fcleridir.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcden : Kalkerli arazide erime ile olu\u015fan daire bi\u00e7imli kapal\u0131 \u00e7ukurluklara d\u00fcden denir. D\u00fcdenler yer alt\u0131 sular\u0131n\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flayan kanallard\u0131r. D\u00fcdenlere halk aras\u0131nda su \u00e7\u0131kan, su batan gibi adlar da verilir. <\/p>\n
K\u00f6r (\u00c7\u0131kmaz) Vadi : Karstik y\u00f6relerdeki akarsular bir d\u00fcdende kaybolarak ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yeralt\u0131nda s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Bu akarsular\u0131n yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde s\u00fcreklilik g\u00f6stermeyen vadilerine k\u00f6r (\u00e7\u0131kmaz) vadi denir.<\/p>\n
Karstik Birikim \u015eekilleri<\/p>\n
Kimyasal birikim \u015fekilleri, kalsiyum karbonat\u00e7a zengin sular\u0131n i\u00e7indeki karbondioksit gaz\u0131n\u0131n u\u00e7mas\u0131 ve kalsiyum oksidin (kirecin) tortulanmas\u0131yla olu\u015fur. Karstik birikim \u015fekilleri sark\u0131t, dikit ve travertendir.<\/p>\n
Sark\u0131t-Dikit: Kalsiyum karbonat\u00e7a zengin sular\u0131n ma\u011fara tavan\u0131ndan s\u0131zarak i\u00e7indeki kirecin tavanda birikmesi ile sark\u0131tlar, damla\u00a4\u00a4\u00a4\u00a4\u00a4 taban\u0131nda birikmesi ile dikitler olu\u015fur. Karstik alanlardaki ma\u011faralarda g\u00f6r\u00fclen bu \u015fekillerin en g\u00fczel \u00f6rnekleri Damlata\u015f Ma\u011faras\u0131\u2019nda bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Traverten: Genellikle s\u0131cak su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131n\u0131nda ve kalsiyum karbonatl\u0131 sular\u0131n yay\u0131larak akt\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlarda, kirecin \u00e7\u00f6kelmesi ile olu\u015fan basamaklard\u0131r. En g\u00fczel \u00f6rnekleri Denizli-Pamukkale\u2019dedir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye’deki Karstik \u015eekiller<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de karstik \u015fekiller yayg\u0131n olarak,<\/p>\n
– Toros Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019nda
\n – \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019da Sivas ve \u00e7evresinde (\u00f6zellikle jips karts\u0131)
\n – Bat\u0131 Karadeniz\u2019de ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nin g\u00fcneyinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu alanlarda \u00e7\u0131plak kayalar geni\u015f yer kaplar. Toprak erime sonucunda olu\u015fmu\u015f \u00e7ukur alanlarda toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Karstik alanlar\u0131n y\u00fczeyinin su bak\u0131m\u0131ndan fakir olmas\u0131, tar\u0131m olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131k 1\/5\u2019inde bu t\u00fcr \u015fekiller g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Karstik \u015fekillerin en yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lge ise kalkerli arazinin geni\u015f alan kaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Akdeniz\u2019dir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar ve yer alt\u0131 sular\u0131, kalker, jips, kayatuzu, dolomit gibi eriyebilen, k\u0131r\u0131k ve \u00e7atlaklar\u0131n \u00e7ok oldu\u011fu ta\u015flar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yerlerde, kimyasal a\u015f\u0131n\u0131ma neden olurlar. Kimyasal a\u015f\u0131n\u0131m sonunda olu\u015fan \u015fekillere karstik \u015fekiller denir. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n ve yeralt\u0131 sular\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu karstik a\u015f\u0131n\u0131m \u015fekillerinin a\u015f\u0131n\u0131m \u015fekillerinin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckleri de\u011fi\u015fkendir. Karstik a\u015f\u0131n\u0131m \u015fekilleri \u015funlard\u0131r : Lapya : Kalkerli yama\u00e7larda ya\u011fmur ve kar …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[4375,4374,3218,4378,4373,3263,3265,4372,4370,4379,4368,3262,4371,4377,3267,4376,4380,2916,4381,4382,4333,4369],"class_list":["post-1561","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-cennet-cehennem-magaralari","tag-cokme-dolini","tag-dolomit","tag-duden","tag-erime-dolini","tag-jips","tag-kalker","tag-kalker-platolar","tag-karstik-asinim-sekilleri","tag-karstik-birikim-sekilleri","tag-karstik-sekiller","tag-kayatuzu","tag-lapya","tag-magara","tag-obruk","tag-polye","tag-sarkit-dikit","tag-toroslar","tag-traverten","tag-turkiyedeki-karstik-sekiller","tag-uvala","tag-yer-alti-sulari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1561","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1561"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1561\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1561"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1561"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1561"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}