Ergime noktas\u0131, homojen bir kat\u0131 maddenin kat\u0131 durumdan s\u0131v\u0131 duruma ge\u00e7meye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve erime sona erene kadar korudu\u011fu s\u0131cakl\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bir kat\u0131 cismin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda molek\u00fcller aras\u0131ndaki birbirini \u00e7ekme kuvveti yava\u015f yava\u015f azal\u0131r ve belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k derecesinden sonra termik (\u0131s\u0131 ile ilgili) hareket \u00e7ekme kuvvetini yener. Kat\u0131da bir hal de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ba\u015flar. Bu hal de\u011fi\u015fmesi maddenin kristal (billur) veya amorf olu\u015funa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fik \u015fekillerde olur. Amorf bir cisimde erime belli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta olmaz. Yani erimenin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bitti\u011fi s\u0131cakl\u0131k derecesi aras\u0131nda bir fark vard\u0131r. Onun i\u00e7indir ki, amorf bir maddenin erime noktas\u0131ndan bahsedilemez. Amorf maddenin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e, giderek yumu\u015far ve belirsiz bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta s\u0131v\u0131 hale ge\u00e7er. Mesela cam ve plastikler amorf maddelerdir. Bunlar\u0131n erime noktas\u0131 yoktur.<\/p>\n
Kristal ve saf olan bir madde ise, belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta kat\u0131 halden tamamen s\u0131v\u0131 hale ge\u00e7er. Bu s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa o maddenin erime noktas\u0131 denir. B\u00fct\u00fcn kristal yap\u0131ya sahip saf maddelerin erime noktas\u0131nda, yani kat\u0131 halden s\u0131v\u0131 hale ge\u00e7ene kadar, s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sabit kal\u0131r. Ancak tamamen s\u0131v\u0131 hale ge\u00e7tikten sonra s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fckselir. Saf kristal cisimlerin erime noktas\u0131 ile donma noktas\u0131 aras\u0131nda s\u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131 yoktur. Mesela saf su, 0\u00b0C de donar. Fakat saf olmayan maddelerin, yani kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n donma ve erime noktalar\u0131 farkl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Baz\u0131 hallerde erimi\u015f madde, donma noktas\u0131na kadar so\u011fudu\u011fu halde donmaz. \u0130\u015fte bu duruma a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 so\u011fuma ve donmada gecikme denir. Bu haldeki s\u0131v\u0131ya kendi cinsinden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kat\u0131 billur at\u0131l\u0131rsa s\u0131v\u0131 maddenin birden dondu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Buna a\u015f\u0131 billuru (kristali) denir.<\/p>\n
Erime ve donma noktas\u0131 \u00fczerine bas\u0131nc\u0131n etkisi vard\u0131r. Normal erime noktas\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilirken, bas\u0131n\u00e7 bir atmosfer kabul edilir. Erime noktas\u0131, saf maddeler i\u00e7in karakteristik fiziksel bir sabittir.<\/p>\n
Erime \u0131s\u0131s\u0131: Bir gram kat\u0131n\u0131n erime noktas\u0131nda, kat\u0131 halden s\u0131v\u0131 hale ge\u00e7mesi i\u00e7in gerekli olan \u0131s\u0131. Erime \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 cisme ve s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Mesela buzun 0\u00b0C’deki erime \u0131s\u0131s\u0131, 79,8 cal\/g’d\u0131r. Bir gram s\u0131v\u0131 dondu\u011fu zaman erime \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 kadar \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7evreye verir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ergime noktas\u0131, homojen bir kat\u0131 maddenin kat\u0131 durumdan s\u0131v\u0131 duruma ge\u00e7meye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve erime sona erene kadar korudu\u011fu s\u0131cakl\u0131kt\u0131r. Bir kat\u0131 cismin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda molek\u00fcller aras\u0131ndaki birbirini \u00e7ekme kuvveti yava\u015f yava\u015f azal\u0131r ve belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k derecesinden sonra termik (\u0131s\u0131 ile ilgili) hareket \u00e7ekme kuvvetini yener. Kat\u0131da bir hal de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ba\u015flar. Bu hal de\u011fi\u015fmesi maddenin …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[4466,2796,2158,4467,2148,3595,2196],"class_list":["post-1606","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-amorf","tag-atmosfer","tag-basinc","tag-erime-isisi","tag-erime-noktasi","tag-homojen","tag-molekul"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1606","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1606"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1606\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1606"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1606"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1606"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}