ATOM ve ELEKTRON<\/p>\n
Maddenin temelinde atom ad\u0131 verilen \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7ac\u0131klardan olu\u015ftu\u011fu kavram\u0131 eski yunanl\u0131lara kadar uzan\u0131r. Milattan \u00f6nce 5. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Leucippus ve Democritus maddenin sonsuz k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7ac\u0131klara ayr\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fcler.Onlar,bir madde daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7alara b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeye devam edilirse en sonunda atomun b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeyece\u011fini iddia ediyorlard\u0131.
\n Eski yunan atom kurallar\u0131 planl\u0131 deneylere dayanm\u0131yordu.Bunun i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k 2000 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir zaman s\u00fcresince atom kuram\u0131 sadece tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktan \u00f6teye gidilmedi.Atomlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Robert Boyle taraf\u0131ndan THE SCEPT\u0130CAL CHYM\u0130ST (1661),Isaac Newton taraf\u0131ndanda Principia (1687) ve Opticks(1704) kitaplar\u0131nda kabul edilmi\u015fti . Fakat John Dalton\u2019un 1803-1808 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda geli\u015ftirip \u00f6nerdi\u011fi atom kuarm\u0131 kimya tarihinde en \u00f6nemli a\u015famalardan biri olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Elektron: <\/p>\n
Gerek Dalton\u2019un gerekse yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n kuramlar\u0131nda atom, maddenin en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck taneci\u011fi olarak kabul edilmi\u015fti.19.y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru atomun kendisinin de daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck taneciklerden olu\u015ftu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmeye ba\u015fland\u0131.Atom hakk\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerde meydana gelen bu de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe elektrikle yap\u0131lan deneyler neden oldu.<\/p>\n
1807-1808 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u00fcnl\u00fc \u0130ngiliz kimyac\u0131s\u0131 Humphry Davy bile\u015fikleri ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in elektrik kullanarak be\u015f element (potasyum,sodyum,kalsiyum,stronsiyum ve baryum) buldu.Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na dayanarak Davy , bilesiklerde elementlerin elektriksel nitelikli \u00e7ekim kuvvetleriyle bir arada tutulduklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nerdi.<\/p>\n
Vakumdan elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7irildi\u011fi deneyler 1859 da Julius Pl\u00fccker katod \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 bulmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131.Katot \u0131\u015fnlar\u0131 elde etmek i\u00e7in havas\u0131 iyice bo\u015falt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir cam t\u00fcp\u00fcn u\u00e7lar\u0131na iki elektrod yerle\u015ftrilir.Bu elektrodlara y\u00fcksek gerilim uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda katot ad\u0131 verilen negatif elektroddan \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar \u00e7\u0131kar.Bu \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar negatif y\u00fckl\u00fcd\u00fcr do\u011frusal yol izler ve katodun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki t\u00fcp \u00e7eperlerinin \u0131\u015f\u0131k sa\u00e7mas\u0131na sebep olur. 19.y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n son y\u0131llar\u0131nda katot \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak incelendi.Bir\u00e7ok bilim adam\u0131n\u0131n deneyleri sonucunda katot \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zla hareket eden eksi y\u00fckl\u00fc par\u00e7ac\u0131klar oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve bu par\u00e7ac\u0131klar daha sonra Stoney\u2019in \u00f6nerdi\u011fi gibi elektron ad\u0131 verildi.<\/p>\n
Katottan \u00e7\u0131kan elektronlar katot i\u00e7in hangi metal kullan\u0131l\u0131rsa kullan\u0131ls\u0131n ayn\u0131 \u00f6zelliktedir.Z\u0131t y\u00fckler birbirini \u00e7ekti\u011finden katot \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan elektron h\u00fczmeleri yollar\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00fcstte ve altta bulunan z\u0131t y\u00fckl\u00fc iki levha aras\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erken pozitif y\u00fckl\u00fcs\u00fcne do\u011fru \u00e7ekilirler.Demek ki bir elektrik alan\u0131 i\u00e7inde katot \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 normal do\u011frusal yollar\u0131ndan saparlar.Bu sapman\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 :<\/p>\n
Tanecik y\u00fck\u00fc ile do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.Y\u00fck\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck olan tanecik az y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131yan tanecikten daha \u00e7ok sapar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
ATOM ve ELEKTRON Maddenin temelinde atom ad\u0131 verilen \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7ac\u0131klardan olu\u015ftu\u011fu kavram\u0131 eski yunanl\u0131lara kadar uzan\u0131r. Milattan \u00f6nce 5. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Leucippus ve Democritus maddenin sonsuz k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7ac\u0131klara ayr\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fcler.Onlar,bir madde daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7alara b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeye devam edilirse en sonunda atomun b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeyece\u011fini iddia ediyorlard\u0131. Eski yunan atom kurallar\u0131 planl\u0131 deneylere dayanm\u0131yordu.Bunun i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k 2000 y\u0131ll\u0131k …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[4523,4447,4475,4524],"class_list":["post-1624","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-atom-ve-elektron","tag-john-dalton","tag-katot","tag-robert-boyle"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1624","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1624"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1624\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1624"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1624"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1624"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}