AZEOTROP\u0130K D\u0130ST\u0130LASYON<\/p>\n
Azeotropik distilasyon end\u00fcstride s\u0131k\u00e7a kullan\u0131lan \u00f6zel bir distilasyon i\u015flemidir. Azeotropik distilasyon i\u015fleminin ilk g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc seneler yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130lk olarak etanol\u2019\u00fcn dehidrasyonu i\u015fleminde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu i\u015flemde \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir azeotrop olan benzen-etanol-su sisteminde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Azeotropik distilasyon su i\u00e7ermeyen zor ayr\u0131lan kar\u015f\u0131mlar i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin benzenin; metanol, nitrometan, kullan\u0131larak parafinlerden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131nda, amonyak ay\u0131rma ajan\u0131 kullan\u0131larak b\u00fctadienden b\u00fctan ve b\u00fctenin ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015fleminde de kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n Azeotropik distilasyon ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda, konunun rahat anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, baz\u0131 alt ba\u015fl\u0131klara da ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Bunlar distilasyon i\u015flemine ad\u0131n\u0131 veren \u201cazeotrop\u201dlard\u0131r.
\n Azeotroplar:
\n Azeotropinin g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in, s\u0131v\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlarda s\u0131v\u0131 ve buhar faz\u0131n konsantrasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fit halde bulunmas\u0131 gerekir. B\u00f6yle bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 k\u0131smi buharla\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemleriyle ay\u0131rmam\u0131z m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Azeotroplar literat\u00fcrde iki \u015fekilde s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rl\u0131r. \u201cMinimum kaynayan\u201d ve \u201cmaksimum kaynayan\u201d azeotroplar olmak \u00fczere iki ayr\u0131 \u015fekilde isimlendirilir. Minimum kaynayan azeotroplar, azeotrop olu\u015fturan s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n saf haldeki kaynama noktalar\u0131ndan daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda kaynayan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlara denir. Maksimum kaynayan azeotroplar ise azeotrop olu\u015fturan s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n saf haldeki kaynama noktalar\u0131ndan daha y\u00fcksek kaynama noktas\u0131na sahip kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlard\u0131r. Bilinen azeotroplar\u0131n %90\u2019\u0131 minimum kaynama g\u00f6steren azeotroplard\u0131r.
\n Azeotroplar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir sistemde kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m i\u00e7in ideal diyemeyiz. Bu durum Raoult yasas\u0131nda sapmalara neden olur. Kaynama noktalar\u0131 birbirine yak\u0131n olan s\u0131v\u0131lar, kaynama noktalar\u0131 birbirinden daha fazla olan ( > 30oC ) kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlardan daha \u00e7ok azeotropizm g\u00f6sterir. Bu sebepledir ki sistemde g\u00f6r\u00fclen ideallikten sapmalar ve yak\u0131n kaynama noktas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi sistemde azeotropinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.
\n Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu azeotroplar\u0131n ikili ya da \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar halinde olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. \u0130ki azeotroplara en bilinen \u00f6rnek olarak etanol-su kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 verebiliriz. Atmosferik bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda kaynama noktalar\u0131 s\u00f6yledir:
\n Etanol-su azeotropu 78.2 oC
\n Ethanol 78.4 oC
\n Su 100 oC<\/p>\n
Bu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131ma benzeni de ekledi\u011fimizde durum \u00e7ok daha farkl\u0131 bir hal al\u0131yor. \u00dc\u00e7l\u00fc bir azeotrop \u00f6rne\u011finede benzen-su-etanol kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 vermek yerinde olur.
\n Etanol-benzen-su azeotropu 64.9 oC<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
AZEOTROP\u0130K D\u0130ST\u0130LASYON Azeotropik distilasyon end\u00fcstride s\u0131k\u00e7a kullan\u0131lan \u00f6zel bir distilasyon i\u015flemidir. Azeotropik distilasyon i\u015fleminin ilk g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc seneler yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130lk olarak etanol\u2019\u00fcn dehidrasyonu i\u015fleminde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu i\u015flemde \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir azeotrop olan benzen-etanol-su sisteminde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Azeotropik distilasyon su i\u00e7ermeyen zor ayr\u0131lan kar\u015f\u0131mlar i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin benzenin; metanol, nitrometan, kullan\u0131larak parafinlerden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131nda, amonyak ay\u0131rma ajan\u0131 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[4527,4525,2199,4526],"class_list":["post-1626","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-azeotrop","tag-azeotropik-distilasyon","tag-metanol","tag-nitrometan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1626","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1626"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1626\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1626"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1626"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1626"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}