\u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK<\/p>\n
Maddelerin belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme miktarlar\u0131 farkl\u0131d\u0131r. 100 gram \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnebilen maksimum madde miktar\u0131na\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckdenir.Di\u011fer bir ifadeyle,100 gram \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc ile doygun bir \u00e7\u00f6zelti elde edebilmek i\u00e7in \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi gereken madde miktar\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckdenir.<\/p>\n
KATILARIN SIVILARDAK\u0130 \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011e\u00dc
\n 1.\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u00fcr\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r:\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u00fcr\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftik\u00e7e ayn\u0131 maddenin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen miktar\u0131 da de\u011fi\u015fir. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen madde molek\u00fclleri yap\u0131 ve elektriksel \u00f6zellikleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc molek\u00fcllerine benzerse \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck artar.
\n 2.\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnenin t\u00fcr\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r:Genellikle polar maddeler polar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerde apolar maddeler apolar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerde daha \u00e7ok \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrler.\u00d6rne\u011fin;20oC\u2019de 100 gram suda;sodyum nitrat 85 gram sodyum klor\u00fcr 35 gram \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnebilir.
\n 3.S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r : Genellikle s\u0131cakl\u0131k u\u00e7ucu olmayan maddelerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc artt\u0131r\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin; 20oC\u2019de 100 gram suda 33 gr potasyum nitrat \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrken,70 oC\u2019de 142 gram potasyum nitrat \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr.
\n 4.Ortak iyon etkisine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r:\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc ortam\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddenin iyonlar\u0131nda birinin veya birka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 durumunda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc azal\u0131r.\u00d6rne\u011fin;AgCl\u2019li bir saf suda bir de \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde \u00e7\u00f6zd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim.Saf suda KCl \u00e7\u00f6zeltisininkinden daha \u00e7ok \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6zeltideki Cl- iyonlar\u0131 AgCl\u2019nin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesini etkiler.Saf sudakine g\u00f6re daha az \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesine neden olur.<\/p>\n
5.Yabanc\u0131 iyon etkisine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r:Az \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen tuzlar\u0131n doygun \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine yabanc\u0131 iyon eklenmesi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc artt\u0131r\u0131r.\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc yabanc\u0131 iyonlar birle\u015ftirici bir etki yaparlar.Bu nedenle \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck artar. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da bununla ilgili bir \u015fekil verilmi\u015ftir.
\n GAZLARIN SIVILARDAK\u0130 \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011e\u00dc<\/p>\n
1.\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u00fcr\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r:Kat\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu gibi gazlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in de benzer benzeri \u00e7\u00f6zer ifadesi ge\u00e7erlidir.bunun yan\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen gaz \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcyle tepkimeye giriyorsa \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck daha da artar.
\n 2.Gaz\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r:\u00d6rne\u011fin;1 atm bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve 20 oC s\u0131cakl\u0131kta gram suda NH3 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrken s\u0131ras\u0131yla 30, 0.17, 0.0043 gramd\u0131r.
\n 3.\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r:Gazlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131cakl\u0131k artt\u0131k\u00e7a azal\u0131r.
\n 4.Gaz\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r:Gaz\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de artar.<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00f6zeltilerde genel \u00f6zellikler:<\/p>\n
Bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen madde eklemekle maddenin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc artt\u0131r\u0131lamaz.\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnmeyen madde dibe \u00e7\u00f6kerek bir \u00e7\u00f6kelti meydana getirir:<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc miktar\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen madde miktar\u0131 artmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc miktar\u0131 ayn\u0131 oranda artt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin birim hacminde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddenin k\u00fctlesi yani \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck sabit kal\u0131r. <\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck kat\u0131,s\u0131v\u0131 ve gaz hallerinin hepsi i\u00e7in ay\u0131rt edicidir.Ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck de\u011ferleri farkl\u0131d\u0131r.
\n Bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltiyi olu\u015fturan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddelerin k\u00fctleleri toplam\u0131, \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin k\u00fctlesine e\u015fittir.\u00c7\u00f6zelti olu\u015fumunda k\u00fctle korunur.
\n M\u00e7\u00f6zelti = M\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc + M \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcNME HIZINA ETK\u0130 EDEN FAKT\u00d6RLER
\n Bir \u00e7\u00f6zelti olu\u015fumunda birim zamanda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen madde miktar\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme h\u0131z\u0131 denir.\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme h\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmenin her an\u0131nda ayn\u0131 de\u011fildir.Zamanla azal\u0131r.Doymu\u015f \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme h\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6kme h\u0131z\u0131na e\u015fittir.
\n 1)\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn cinsi:Ayn\u0131 madde farkl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerde farkl\u0131 h\u0131zlarda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr.
\n 2)\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnenin cinsi:Ayn\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcde farkl\u0131 maddeler farkl\u0131 h\u0131zlarda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrler.\u00d6rne\u011fin tuz ve \u015fekerin suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme h\u0131zlar\u0131 birbirinden farkl\u0131d\u0131r.
\n 3)S\u0131cakl\u0131k:\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131cakl\u0131kla artan maddelerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesini s\u0131cakl\u0131k h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r. (Endotermik \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme)
\n 4)Temas y\u00fczeyi:Kat\u0131 tanecikleri ne kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckse s\u0131v\u0131yla temas y\u00fczeyi o kadar fazla olaca\u011f\u0131ndan,\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme h\u0131z\u0131 artar.
\n \u00d6rne\u011fin;e\u015fit k\u00fctlede pudra \u015fekeri,toz \u015feker ve k\u00fcp \u015feker 100 gram yani ayn\u0131 miktarda suya at\u0131l\u0131rsa pudra \u015fekeri en h\u0131zl\u0131,kesme \u015feker en yava\u015f \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr.Temas y\u00fczeyi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc etkilemez.Yaln\u0131zca h\u0131z\u0131 etkiler.
\n 5) Bir kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma:Kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma maddelerin birbiri ile etkile\u015fimini artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 da artt\u0131r\u0131r.\u00c7aya \u015feker att\u0131ktan sonra kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak \u015fekerin daha h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesini sa\u011flar.
\n Bir gaz\u0131n bir gazda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesine molek\u00fcler ba\u011flar\u0131 \u00f6rnek verebiliriz.\u00d6rne\u011fin C(karbon) O(oksijen), H(hidrojen) ve N(azot) gazlar\u0131 birbiriyle kar\u0131\u015f\u0131p \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bir molek\u00fcler yap\u0131 meydana gelmektedir.Bu yap\u0131 yandaki \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterilmektedir.
\n Genel olarak \u00e7\u00f6zen-\u00e7\u00f6zen ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen-\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen tanecikleri aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7ekim kuvvetlerinin toplam\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen-\u00e7\u00f6zen tanecikleri aras\u0131ndaki kuvvetten daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ise \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen madde kolayca \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr.
\n Aksi halde kat\u0131 maddelerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnebilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen-\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen tanecikleri ile \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc-\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc molek\u00fclleri aras\u0131ndaki kuvvetleri yenmek i\u00e7in d\u0131\u015fardan bir enerji verilir<\/p>\n
\u00d6RNEK 1 : Amonya\u011f\u0131n(NH3) sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 25oC\u2019de 34 gram ve 60 oC\u2019de 25.5 gramd\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re; 25oC\u2019de 300 gram suda amonya\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi ile elde edilen doymu\u015f \u00e7\u00f6zelti 60 oC\u2019ye \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131rsa,\u00e7\u00f6zeltiden ayr\u0131lan amonyak normal \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda ka\u00e7 litredir?<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcM:
\n 250C 100 gr suda 34 gr NH3 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrse
\n 250C 300 gr suda X gr NH3 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr?
\n ————————————————————————————–
\n X= 300×34:100 = 102 gram
\n 600C\u2019de 100 gr suda 25.5 gr NH3 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrse
\n 600C\u2019de 300 gr suda X gr NH3 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr?
\n —————————————————————————————
\n X = 300×25.5 :100 = 76.5
\n 102-76.5 = 25.5 gr NH3 suyu terk eder.
\n NNH3 = 25.5:17 = 1.5 mol
\n P.V=n.R.T ise V= 1.5×0.082×273= 33.6 litre
\n \u00d6RNEK 2 : \u015eekerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 300C\u2019de 80 gram ve800C\u2019de 150 gramd\u0131r.Buna g\u00f6re;800C\u2019de 2 kg doymu\u015f \u015feker \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi 300C\u2019ye so\u011futulursa ka\u00e7 gram \u015feker \u00e7\u00f6ker?<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcM:
\n 800C\u2019de; 150 gr \u015feker + 100 gram su =250 gram \u00e7\u00f6zelti
\n 250 gr \u00e7\u00f6zeltide 150 gr \u015feker \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrse, 2000 gr \u00e7\u00f6zeltide X gr \u015feker \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr.
\n —————————————————————————————————
\n X =1200 gr \u015feker ve 2000 \u20131200 = 800 gr su vard\u0131r.
\n 300C\u2019de; 100 gr suda 80 gr \u015feker \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrse,
\n 800 gr suda X gr \u015feker \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr?
\n ————————————————————————————————
\n X= 640 gr \u015feker \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr.
\n 800C\u2019de 800 gr suda 1200 gr \u015feker oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re; 1200 \u2013640 =560 gr \u015feker \u00e7\u00f6ker.
\n \u00d6rnek 3 : 500 C\u2019de 400 cm3 su ile haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f doymu\u015f X \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin k\u00fctlesi nedir?
\n \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm :
\n 500C\u2019 de 100 cm3 suda 60 gr X \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrse
\n 400 cm3 suda 240 gr X \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnecektir
\n —————————————————————————————————————
\n Doymu\u015f \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin k\u00fctlesi 240 + 400 = 640 gramd\u0131r.
\n \u00d6rnek 4 :500 C\u2019de 100 cm3 suda yeterince Y \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnerek haz\u0131rlanan doymu\u015f \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 00 C\u2019ye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrse ka\u00e7 gram Y \u00e7\u00f6ker?
\n \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm :
\n 500C\u2019 de 100 cm3 suda 60 gr Y \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcyor.S\u0131cakl\u0131k 00 C\u2019ye so\u011futulunca
\n 60 \u2013 40 = 20 gr Y \u00e7\u00f6ker.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK Maddelerin belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme miktarlar\u0131 farkl\u0131d\u0131r. 100 gram \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnebilen maksimum madde miktar\u0131na\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckdenir.Di\u011fer bir ifadeyle,100 gram \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc ile doygun bir \u00e7\u00f6zelti elde edebilmek i\u00e7in \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi gereken madde miktar\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckdenir. KATILARIN SIVILARDAK\u0130 \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011e\u00dc 1.\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u00fcr\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r:\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u00fcr\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftik\u00e7e ayn\u0131 maddenin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen miktar\u0131 da de\u011fi\u015fir. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen madde molek\u00fclleri yap\u0131 ve elektriksel \u00f6zellikleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[4546,2224,4548,4545,4544,2136,2164,4543,4547],"class_list":["post-1632","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-apolar-cozuculer","tag-azot","tag-cozeltilerde-genel-ozellikler","tag-cozunen","tag-cozunurluk","tag-hidrojen","tag-oksijen","tag-sodyum-klorur","tag-sodyum-nitrat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1632","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1632"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1632\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1632"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1632"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1632"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}