DAMITMA
\nLaboratuarda bir s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olabilecek \u00f6teki maddelerden ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak ar\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finde kullan\u0131lan en kolay y\u00f6ntem dam\u0131tmad\u0131r. Dam\u0131tma s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n buharla\u015f\u0131ncaya kadar \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131p daha sonra y\u00fckselen buhar\u0131n bir so\u011futma y\u00f6ntemiyle yeniden s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece s\u0131v\u0131 \u00f6nceden i\u00e7erdi\u011fi buharla\u015fmaz maddelerden ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olur. Kaynama noktalar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fik iki s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda dam\u0131tma y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda i\u015fleme ayr\u0131msal dam\u0131tma ad\u0131 verilir.
\nKapal\u0131 bir kapta buhar elli bir bas\u0131nca ula\u015f\u0131ncaya kadar s\u0131v\u0131 buharla\u015facakt\u0131r. Bu bas\u0131n\u00e7 yaln\u0131z s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r ve buharla\u015fman\u0131n belli bir s\u0131v\u0131 i\u00e7in belli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta maksimum s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Buhar\u0131n doymu\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Her s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel bir bas\u0131n\u00e7 de\u011feri vard\u0131r. Bas\u0131n\u00e7 de\u011feri s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal yap\u0131s\u0131na u\u00e7uculu\u011funun y\u00fcksek ya da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r ve maddenin miktar\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zd\u0131r. Buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 hemen her zaman mili metre civa olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Bu ayn\u0131 miktarda bas\u0131n\u00e7 yapma etkisindeki civa s\u00fctunun uzunlu\u011fudur.
\nBir s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131 buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n artmas\u0131 ile y\u00fckselir. Suyun ar\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 buharla\u015fma h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r. S\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki bu art\u0131\u015f buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131ya uygulanan d\u0131\u015f bas\u0131nca e\u015fit duruma getirince s\u0131v\u0131 kaynar,bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle s\u0131v\u0131 ile buhar aras\u0131ndaki denge bozularak, s\u0131v\u0131 t\u00fcm\u00fcyle buhar haline ge\u00e7er. T\u00fcm hal de\u011fi\u015fimlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi ,kaynama s\u0131ras\u0131nda t\u00fcm s\u0131v\u0131 buhar haline ge\u00e7inceye kadar s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fmez kal\u0131r. Deniz seviyesinde su 1atm bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.100Cde suyun buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 1atmye e\u015fittir. Bu y\u00fczden suyun kaynama noktas\u0131 100C\u2019dir.
\nBir s\u0131v\u0131 daha u\u00e7ucu olduk\u00e7a ,belli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 y\u00fckselir ve d\u0131\u015f bas\u0131nca ula\u015fmas\u0131 kolay olur. Buna iyi bir \u00f6rnek olan eterin kaynama noktas\u0131 son derece y\u00fcksek bir buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olarak 35C0\u2019dir. Bu \u00f6zelliklere dayan\u0131larak bir \u00e7\u00f6zelti ,i\u00e7indeki kat\u0131\u015f\u0131klardan ar\u0131t\u0131labilir. Ama ,bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndaki iki s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n kaynama noktalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 80C den y\u00fcksek bir fark varsa, bunlar\u0131n ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 kolayd\u0131r, kaynama noktalar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki fark 80C den az ise iki ar\u0131 bile\u015fe elde etmek zordur.<\/p>\n
DAMITMANIN KULLANIM ALANLARI
\nDam\u0131tma,laboratuarda vazge\u00e7ilmez bir y\u00f6ntem olmas\u0131 yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ,sanayide de \u00e7ok s\u0131k kullan\u0131l\u0131r. En yeni kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, deniz suyunun tuzunun giderilerek i\u00e7me suyu elde edilmesidir. Bu i\u015flem b\u00fcy\u00fck sanayi tesisleriyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilirse de yararlan\u0131lan ilke, laboratuarda yararlan\u0131lanla ayn\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Dam\u0131tma y\u00f6ntemi, sanayi art\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 su kirlenmesi sorununa da uygulanabilir, ama art\u0131klar\u0131n i\u00e7inde buharla\u015fabilir kimyasal maddeler oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\nS\u0131v\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f havan\u0131n ayr\u0131msal dam\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 da ilgi \u00e7ekicidir. \u00c7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u0131s\u0131da s\u0131v\u0131la\u015fan hava, sonra dam\u0131t\u0131larak i\u00e7indeki gazlar(azot, helyum vb.) ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 elde edilebilir. Burada kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan teknik sorun,gazlar\u0131n \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullanmadan \u00f6nce, so\u011futmada yararlanmakt\u0131r. S\u0131v\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f hava \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7ta \u00e7e\u015fitli basmaklarda s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak, sonrada bir delik yada memeden ge\u00e7irilip h\u0131zla geni\u015fletilerek elde edilebilir. Roketlerin hareket etmelerini sa\u011flayan d\u00fczenlemelerde kullan\u0131lan s\u0131v\u0131 oksijen bu yolla elde edilir. Bununla birlikte asetilen gibi patlay\u0131c\u0131 gazlar\u0131n birikmesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in de \u00f6zen g\u00f6stermek gerekir. Dam\u0131tman\u0131n petrol sanayisinde geni\u015f uygulama alanlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u00c7e\u015fitli akaryak\u0131tlar\u0131n ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca kimya sanayisinde ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc gerektiren sanayilerde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
GAZLARIN AYRI\u015eMASI
\n1811 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130talyan fizik\u00e7isi Amedeo Avogadro \u00f6nemli bir fizik yasas\u0131 buldu: De\u011fi\u015fmez s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7ta e\u015fit hacimli t\u00fcm gazlar ayn\u0131 say\u0131da molek\u00fcl\u00fc kapsamaktad\u0131r. Bu yasa baz\u0131 ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda ,bir gaz\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olmadan nas\u0131l art\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir.
\nBunun nedeni ayr\u0131\u015fma olabilir: Daha \u00f6nce yaln\u0131zca bir tanesinin bulundu\u011fu yerde iki ya da daha \u00e7ok molek\u00fcl\u00fcn bulunmas\u0131 hacimde kesinlikle bir art\u0131\u015fa neden olacakt\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, kimyasal de\u011fi\u015fim, molek\u00fcl\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131nda temel ba\u015fkala\u015f\u0131mlar oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterecektir.
\nBir laboratuar deneyde bak\u0131r, deri\u015fik nitrik asitle i\u015flem g\u00f6r\u00fcrse, elde etti\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerden biri azot dioksit olacakt\u0131r.
\nBununla birlikte , bu i\u015flem orta s\u0131cakl\u0131kta yap\u0131l\u0131rsa elde edilecek gaz renksiz tetra oksit olacakt\u0131r:
\nYakla\u015f\u0131k 60C\u2019lik bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131 , gaz\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131l-kahve bir renk almas\u0131na neden olacakt\u0131r. Bu da, gaz\u0131n azot dioksite ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir156C ayr\u0131\u015fma hemen hemen tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nBurada gazlar\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n art\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zl\u00fcyoruz. Yani gazlar\u0131 dam\u0131t\u0131labildi\u011finig\u00f6rebiliriz.<\/p>\n
D\u0130\u011eER DAMITMA \u015eEK\u0130LLER\u0130 <\/p>\n
Geri ak\u0131\u015fl\u0131 dam\u0131tma :
\nB\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda \u00fcr\u00fcn i\u015fleyebilen tablal\u0131 kuleden ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. Buhar kazan\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde bir dizi tablayla b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f silindir bi\u00e7iminde yada ko\u015fut y\u00fczl\u00fc uzun bir kolon yer al\u0131r. Kazandan birinci tablaya gelen buhar\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc yo\u011fu\u015fur, di\u011fer b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise, di\u011fer b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise yo\u011fu\u015fma olay\u0131n\u0131n yenilendi\u011fi ikinci tablaya ula\u015f\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc tablada da ayn\u0131 olay yenilenir ve i\u015flem b\u00f6ylece s\u00fcrer. \u00c7ok zengin buhar, kulenin en \u00fcst b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden al\u0131n\u0131r. Yo\u011fu\u015fma \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcne doyan her tabladan, buhar kazan\u0131na inen bir art\u0131k \u00fcr\u00fcn ak\u0131m\u0131 olu\u015fur
\nBile\u015fimine giren \u00e7e\u015fitli maddeleri odunda ay\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan dam\u0131tmad\u0131r. Dikey yada yatay karnilere istiflenmi\u015f, ayn\u0131 boyda, yuvarlak yada yar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f odunlar\u0131n \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.
\nHer biri 1300-2000kg odun alabilen karnillere dam\u0131tma i\u00e7in 12-15 saat gereklidir;s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk 10 saat i\u00e7inde 350C yi ge\u00e7memesi gerekir.;sonra s\u0131cakl\u0131k 430C ye kadar y\u00fckseltilir.
\nB\u00fcy\u00fck odun dam\u0131tma tesislerinde kaloriferli f\u0131r\u0131nlarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r
\nOdunun dam\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 ile elde edilen \u00fcr\u00fcnler odun k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcnden ba\u015fka; a\u011f\u0131r katran, odun asidi. Re\u00e7ineli odunlardan \u00e7am esans\u0131 denilen \u00f6zel bir esans elde edilir.<\/p>\n
PETROL\u00dcN DAMITILMASI
\nBir rafineride ham petrole uygulanan ilk i\u015flem ayr\u0131msal yada b\u00f6l\u00fcmsel dam\u0131tmad\u0131r. Bu i\u015flemle, on kadar temel petrol kesiti elde edilir. Bu kesitlerden her biri genellikle karbon atomlar\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131yla yada i\u00e7erdi\u011fi hidrokarbonlar\u0131n ve di\u011fer bile\u015fiklerin normal kaynama s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 dizisiyle tan\u0131mlanan bir u\u00e7uculuk aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Dam\u0131tmayla ham petrol\u00fc ayr\u0131mlama ,\u00fcretim gereklerinin i\u015flevlerine g\u00f6re \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fiklikler g\u00f6sterebilir.<\/p>\n
PETROL\u00dcN DAMITILMASI \u0130LE ELDE ED\u0130LEN \u00dcR\u00dcNLER<\/p>\n
Ham petrol\u00fc atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131nda dam\u0131tma :
\nAtmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131ndan \u00e7ok az y\u00fcksek bir bas\u0131n\u00e7ta yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu ad\u0131 al\u0131r ve arakat \u00fcr\u00fcnleri veren bir dam\u0131tma kulesinde, ham petrol\u00fcn bir\u00e7ok ana kesite ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar: gaz ve benzinler, kerosen, mazotlar, atmosfer art\u0131\u011f\u0131. Ham petrol kuleden \u00e7ekilen \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin \u0131s\u0131l enerjisini kullanan \u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiricilerle \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131ktan ve borulu bir f\u0131r\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fcmsel olarak buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra 340 ile380C de kulenin alt b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne yar\u0131 buharla\u015fm\u0131\u015f halde verilir. Ayn\u0131 andaki tesisteki kirlenmeyi ve korozyonu s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ham petrole tuz giderme i\u015flemi uygulan\u0131r: \u00fcretim yada ta\u015f\u0131madan kaynaklanan mineral tuzlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fctlemek i\u00e7in \u00f6nce ham petrole su p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fcl\u00fcr ard\u0131ndan yakla\u015f\u0131k 130C de tuz giderme balonunda elektrikle su ve ham petrol\u00fcn kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m durutulur.
\nGazlardan ve benzinden olu\u015fan en u\u00e7ucu kesit,dam\u0131tma kulesinin tepesinde toplan\u0131r; kerosen ve mazotlar kulenin yan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden al\u0131n\u0131r,sonra her biri daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ba\u015fka bir kuleye g\u00f6nderilerek u\u00e7ucu madde ayarlar\u0131 ayarlan\u0131r. Atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131nda dam\u0131tma art\u0131\u011f\u0131 ana kulenin taban\u0131ndan al\u0131n\u0131r.
\nGazlar\u0131 ve benzinleri ay\u0131rma i\u015fleminde genellikle \u00e7ift \u00fcr\u00fcnl\u00fc dam\u0131tma kulesi kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Gazlar \u00f6nce kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ya da b\u00fctan giderici kulede benzinlerden ayr\u0131l\u0131r.; sonra bir etan giderici bir propan gidericide, b\u00f6l\u00fcmsel dam\u0131tmayla propan ve b\u00fctan yan\u0131c\u0131 gaz halinde ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fctlenir. Nihayet benzinleri b\u00f6l\u00fcmsel dam\u0131tma kulesinde ay\u0131rarak hafif ve a\u011f\u0131r benzinler elde edilir.
\nAtmosfer art\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bo\u015flukta dam\u0131tma
\nArakat \u00fcr\u00fcnleri veren bir dam\u0131tma kulesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir; Bu kulenin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ilkesi tepe b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde bas\u0131n\u00e7 10 ile 70 mbar aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen bir bo\u015fluk olu\u015fturmak ve b\u00f6ylece atmosfer art\u0131\u011f\u0131 bile\u015fenleri, \u0131s\u0131l par\u00e7alanmaya yol a\u00e7mayacak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta dam\u0131tmakt\u0131r. Art\u0131klar, borulu bir f\u0131r\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fcmsel olarak buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra kulenin alt b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne 370-410C s\u0131cakl\u0131kta yollan\u0131r. Bo\u015flu\u011fu, kulenin tepesinde yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015f gazlar\u0131 emen buhar enjekt\u00f6rleri sa\u011flar. B\u00f6ylece , ilk arakat \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olarak bir mazot, alt arakat \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinden iki ya da daha \u00e7ok dam\u0131tma \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ve kulenin dibinde ise bo\u015flukta dam\u0131tma \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc elde edilir.
\nBu \u00fc\u00e7 tesis genellikle tak mbar \u00fcretim birimi i\u00e7inde toplan\u0131r ve s\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ay\u0131rt edici \u00f6zelli\u011fini ,ayg\u0131tlar\u0131n f\u0131r\u0131nlar\u0131n ,\u00f6zellikle de kulelerin dev boyutlar\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Bir atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131nda dam\u0131tma kulesinde yakla\u015f\u0131k 9 mye yakla\u015f\u0131k bir kule demektir.<\/p>\n
TUZ G\u0130DERME<\/p>\n
APANSIZ BUHARLA\u015eTIRMA \u0130LE DAMITMA
\nBu i\u015flem deniz suyunun tuzunu giderme y\u00f6ntemlerinin en \u00f6nemlisidir.Hem a\u015f\u0131nman\u0131n ve \u00e7\u00f6kmenin \u00f6nlenmesi i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 sa\u011flar,hem de gizli \u0131s\u0131dan yararlan\u0131l\u0131r.S\u0131cak deniz suyu ,d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 bir b\u00f6lmeye ge\u00e7irilince , bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc hemen buharla\u015f\u0131r.Bu birdenbire kaynama ve \u0131s\u0131 vermeden buharla\u015fmaya apans\u0131z buharla\u015fma denir.
\nDam\u0131tmadan sonra s\u0131cak su so\u011futulur.Daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve s\u0131cakl\u0131kta ikinci bir apans\u0131z buharla\u015ft\u0131rma uygulan\u0131r ve i\u015flem b\u00f6ylece s\u00fcrer.Apans\u0131z buharla\u015ft\u0131rma ile dam\u0131tma tesisi ,her biri bir \u00f6ncekinden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir dizi b\u00f6lmeden olu\u015fur.Deniz suyuna ilk \u0131s\u0131 , geri geri bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 buhar t\u00fcrb\u00fcn\u00fc gibi bir i\u015fletmeden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 bir buharla verilebilir.
\nIs\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f tuzlu su,bir b\u00f6lmeden \u00f6tekine akar.Olu\u015fan su buhar\u0131,tuzlu su damlac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ay\u0131ra\u00e7lardan ge\u00e7er.
\nSonra buhar yo\u011fu\u015fur,tuzsuz su toplama kaplar\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131r ve depolan\u0131r.Tuzlu su, bir b\u00f6lmeden \u00f6tekine ge\u00e7erken yava\u015f yava\u015f so\u011fur.So\u011fuyan su, yo\u011fu\u015fturma borular\u0131na geri
\npompalan\u0131r.Bu borularda deniz suyu \u0131s\u0131 so\u011furur ve ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131na olu\u015funcaya kadar,s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lmelerde yeniden dola\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa yakla\u015f\u0131r.
\nKurak k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde bu tip b\u00fcy\u00fck tesisiler kurulmu\u015ftur.Meksika k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda ,tijuana yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki bir tesis 1970te tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.Burada denizden g\u00fcnde 27 milyon litre tuzsuz su elde edilir.<\/p>\n
ALKOL\u00dcN DAMITILMASI<\/p>\n
Yeterince zengin petrol ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr yataklar\u0131 olan \u00fclkeler ,alkol \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in kimyasal y\u00f6ntemler kullan\u0131rlar.Petrol\u00fcn par\u00e7alanmas\u0131ndan yada k\u00f6m\u00fcr katran\u0131n dam\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131ndan elde edilen etilen bu bire\u015fime \u00f6rnektir.
\nEtanol ayn\u0131 zamanda , hidrojen ve karbondioksit genellikle krom oksit ve \u00e7inko oksit gibi uygun bir kataliz\u00f6r i\u00e7inden 350-400C de ge\u00e7irilmesinden olu\u015fan ve stinol ad\u0131 verilen bir y\u00f6ntem ile elde edilebilir.Bu y\u00f6ntem sanayide yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
DAMITMA Laboratuarda bir s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olabilecek \u00f6teki maddelerden ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak ar\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finde kullan\u0131lan en kolay y\u00f6ntem dam\u0131tmad\u0131r. Dam\u0131tma s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n buharla\u015f\u0131ncaya kadar \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131p daha sonra y\u00fckselen buhar\u0131n bir so\u011futma y\u00f6ntemiyle yeniden s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece s\u0131v\u0131 \u00f6nceden i\u00e7erdi\u011fi buharla\u015fmaz maddelerden ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olur. Kaynama noktalar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fik iki s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda dam\u0131tma y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda i\u015fleme ayr\u0131msal dam\u0131tma ad\u0131 verilir. Kapal\u0131 bir …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[2796,3672,2158,2254,4601,4604,4605,4602,4603],"class_list":["post-1650","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-atmosfer","tag-atmosfer-basinci","tag-basinc","tag-civa","tag-damitma","tag-geri-akisli-damitma","tag-hidrokarbonlar","tag-laboratuar","tag-suyun-kaynama-noktasi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1650","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1650"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1650\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1650"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1650"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1650"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}