Atom \u00e7ekirde\u011finin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine ilk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma radyoaktifli\u011fin ke\u015ffinden sonra elde edilen \u03b1 \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n bir alt\u0131n yaprak \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmeleri ile Rutherford taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma Greiger-Marsten ve Chadwick taraf\u0131ndan birbirinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve teori do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Rutherford ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015flar\u0131 \u03b1 \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 ince bir alt\u0131n yapraktan ge\u00e7imi \u015fekildeki \u015femas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclen d\u00fczene\u011fi kullanarak incelemi\u015flerdir. Bir kur\u015fun blok \u00fczerine a\u00e7\u0131lan ince bin delik \u00fczerine yerle\u015ftirilen radyum par\u00e7as\u0131ndan elde edilen \u03b1 \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 demeti alt\u0131n levha \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Alt\u0131n yapra\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7en \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131mlar O noktas\u0131 etraf\u0131nda birlikte d\u00f6nebilen bir fl\u00fcoresans levha ve mikroskop yard\u0131m\u0131yla g\u00f6zlenmi\u015ftir. 6.10-5 cm kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki alt\u0131n levha havay\u0131 ge\u00e7irmemektedir. \u03b1 \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n hava molek\u00fclleri i\u00e7indeki etkisini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7inde sistem vakumlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Alt\u0131n atomlar\u0131n\u0131n \u03b1 par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck olmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle bu \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar i\u00e7in alt\u0131n yapra\u011f\u0131n bir set olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 her ne kadar akla gelebilirse de deneyde bunun tersine olarak \u03b1 \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n levhay\u0131 ge\u00e7erek yoluna devam ettikleri, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n da sa\u00e7\u0131lmaya u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 deneyle g\u00f6zlenmi\u015ftir. Alt\u0131ndan ba\u015fka di\u011fer maddelerde de ayn\u0131 deneyler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131mlar\u0131n sa\u00e7\u0131lmaya u\u011frayan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n maddenin kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile orant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu deneyde Rutherford\u2019un \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7 \u015fudur: Atomlar\u0131n k\u00fctleleri son derece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck boyutlu \u00e7ekirdeklerde toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Elektriksel bo\u015fama olaylar\u0131nda elektronlar atomdan kopart\u0131larak pozitif iyonlar olu\u015ftu\u011funa g\u00f6re; elektronlar atomun d\u0131\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 meydana getirirler. Elektronlar\u0131n atomun d\u0131\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131na tutunabilmeleri i\u00e7in de \u00e7ekirde\u011fin pozitif y\u00fckl\u00fc olmas\u0131 gerekir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00e7ekirde\u011fin bu pozitif y\u00fck\u00fc onu ku\u015fatan elektronlar\u0131n toplam negatif y\u00fck\u00fcne e\u015fittir. Elektronlara etki eden Coulomb kuvveti ile evrensel \u00e7ekim kuvvetinin matematiksel ifadeleri birbirine benzedi\u011fine g\u00f6re \u00e7ekirdek yada etraf\u0131ndaki g\u00fcne\u015f sistemine benzemelidir. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye g\u00f6re elektronlar \u00e7ekirde\u011fin etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nmektedirler. \u03b1 \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kesiri yakla\u015f\u0131k 2000 atom kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki bir alt\u0131n levhay\u0131 ge\u00e7ti\u011fine g\u00f6re \u00e7ekirde\u011fin \u00e7ap\u0131 atomun \u00e7ap\u0131 yan\u0131nda \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. G\u00fcne\u015f ve y\u0131ld\u0131zlar aras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi \u00e7ekirdek ve elektronlar aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bo\u015fluk vard\u0131r. Bu sebeple bir \u03b1 par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n dorudan do\u011fruya \u00e7ekirde\u011fe \u00e7arpma ihtimali \u00e7ok azd\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n elektronlara \u00e7arpma ihtimali daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.Ancak elektronlar\u0131n k\u00fctlesi \u03b1 par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fctlesinden \u00e7k k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011fundan b\u00f6yle bir \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmada \u03b1 par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frultusu ve h\u0131z\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmez. Fakat elektronlar\u0131 y\u00f6r\u00fcngelerinden \u00e7\u0131kartabilirler. \u00c7ekirdek ve \u03b1 \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n her ikisi de (+) olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u03b1 \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 \u00e7ekirdek taraf\u0131ndan itilir. Bir \u03b1 taneci\u011fi \u00e7ekirde\u011fe ne kadar \u00e7ok yakla\u015f\u0131rsa do\u011frultusu o kadar de\u011fi\u015fir. \u0130\u015fte sa\u00e7\u0131lman\u0131n sebebi budur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Atom \u00e7ekirde\u011finin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine ilk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma radyoaktifli\u011fin ke\u015ffinden sonra elde edilen \u03b1 \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n bir alt\u0131n yaprak \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmeleri ile Rutherford taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma Greiger-Marsten ve Chadwick taraf\u0131ndan birbirinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve teori do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Rutherford ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015flar\u0131 \u03b1 \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 ince bir alt\u0131n yapraktan ge\u00e7imi \u015fekildeki \u015femas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclen d\u00fczene\u011fi kullanarak incelemi\u015flerdir. Bir kur\u015fun blok \u00fczerine …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[4693,4692,4694,2730,2758,2733],"class_list":["post-1689","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-altin-atomlari","tag-atom-cekirdeginin-kesfi","tag-elektronlar","tag-gunes","tag-radyoaktif","tag-yildizlar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1689","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1689"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1689\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1689"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1689"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1689"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}