Bak\u0131r (Ing. copper, Alm. kupfer, Fr. cuivre), 1B ge\u00e7i\u015f grubu elementi. Bak\u0131ra tarihte ilk defa K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta rastland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan t\u00fcm dillerdeki isimlerinin Cyprium kelimesinden t\u00fcredi\u011fi tahmin edilmektedir. Simyac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan Ven\u00fcs aynas\u0131 ile g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Ven\u00fcs aynas\u0131.Bak\u0131r\u0131n \u00f6nemi, ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00fc\u00e7 nedenden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n hemen hemen t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgelerinde bulunmas\u0131 nedeniyle geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00fcretiminin yap\u0131labilmesi,
\n Elektri\u011fi di\u011fer b\u00fct\u00fcn metaller i\u00e7inde g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ften sonra en iyi ileten metal olmas\u0131, ve
\n End\u00fcstriyel \u00f6nemi y\u00fcksek, pirin\u00e7, bronz gibi ala\u015f\u0131mlar yapmas\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bak\u0131r maden yataklar\u0131 [de\u011fi\u015ftir]\u015eu \u015fekilde s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n
Hidrotermal orijine sahip, emprenye olmu\u015f bak\u0131r yataklar\u0131. Bunlara porfir yataklar da denmektedir. 1970 y\u0131l\u0131 itibar\u0131yla D\u00fcnya \u00fcretiminin yakla\u015f\u0131k %50 si bu \u00e7e\u015fit yataklardan elde edilmi\u015ftir. Bu tip yataklara ABD, \u015eili, Peru ve Kanada\u2019da rastlanmaktad\u0131r.
\n Sedimenter yap\u0131daki maden yataklar\u0131. Kalker veya dolomit mineralleri i\u00e7inde bulunurlar. Daha ziyade orta Afrika\u2019da rastlan\u0131r. D\u00fcnya bak\u0131r \u00fcretiminin %17 si bu yataklardan sa\u011flan\u0131r.
\n S\u0131v\u0131 magma as\u0131ll\u0131 maden yataklar\u0131. Bak\u0131r ile birlikte \u00e7o\u011fu zaman nikel de ta\u015f\u0131rlar. Bunlara volkanik-sedimenter yataklar da denir. D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkesinde, \u00f6zellikle Kanada, Avustralya ve pek \u00e7ok Avrupa \u00fclkesinde rastlan\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Bak\u0131r mineralleri <\/p>\n
Bak\u0131r end\u00fcstriyel \u00f6neme sahip pek \u00e7ok mineralin \u00f6nemli bir bile\u015fenidir. D\u00fcnya bak\u0131r \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131lan minerallerin yakla\u015f\u0131k %50 sini kalkozit (\u0130ng. chalcocite) (Cu2S), %25’ini kalkopirit (\u0130ng. chalcopyrite) (CuFeS2), %3’\u00fcn\u00fc enargit (\u0130ng. enargite) (Cu3AsS4), %1’ini di\u011fer s\u00fclf\u00fcr mineralleri, %6-7 sini nabit (do\u011fal) bak\u0131r ve %15’ini de oksit mineralleri olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n
Kalkopirit:
\n Kimyasal form\u00fcl\u00fc CuFeS2 dir. (A\u00e7\u0131k yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131: Cu2S\u00b7Fe2S3). Co\u011frafi bak\u0131mdan en yayg\u0131n mineral olup hemen hemen her bak\u0131r cevher yata\u011f\u0131nda bulunur. Pirin\u00e7 sar\u0131s\u0131 renkte, metalik g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte ve ye\u015filimsi siyah \u00e7izgiler halinde kitle \u015feklinde bulunur. Kalkopiritin, bornit, demirli kuprit ve pirit ile birlikte di\u011fer sekonder bak\u0131r minerallerinin orijinal yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011fu kabul edilmektedir. Mineralin teorik yap\u0131s\u0131nda %34,6 Cu olmakla birlikte cevherdeki Cu miktar\u0131 %0,5 ve daha a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015febilmektedir. Halen Kanada\u2019da %0,06 ten\u00f6rl\u00fc 3×109 ton rezervli bir bak\u0131r madeninin ekonomik olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Do\u011fal olarak, cevherde bulunan di\u011fer metaller de k\u0131ymetlendirilmek suretiyle bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ekonomik olabilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Malahit:
\n Kimyasal form\u00fcl\u00fc CuCO3\u00b7Cu(OH)2. En \u00e7ok rastlan\u0131lan bak\u0131r oksit mineralidir. B\u00fcy\u00fck kitleler halinde bulundu\u011funda sadece cevher olarak de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda yar\u0131 m\u00fccevher olarak kuyumculukta, s\u00fcs e\u015fyas\u0131 imalinde de kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fczel ye\u015fil bir rengi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Azurit:
\n Kimyasal form\u00fcl\u00fc 2CuCO3\u00b7Cu(OH)2. Bazik bir bak\u0131r karbonat olup malahit kadar fazla bulunmaz. Kendine has lacivert renginden dolay\u0131 bu anlama gelen azurit ad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Bak\u0131r (Ing. copper, Alm. kupfer, Fr. cuivre), 1B ge\u00e7i\u015f grubu elementi. Bak\u0131ra tarihte ilk defa K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta rastland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan t\u00fcm dillerdeki isimlerinin Cyprium kelimesinden t\u00fcredi\u011fi tahmin edilmektedir. Simyac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan Ven\u00fcs aynas\u0131 ile g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Ven\u00fcs aynas\u0131.Bak\u0131r\u0131n \u00f6nemi, ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00fc\u00e7 nedenden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r: D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n hemen hemen t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgelerinde bulunmas\u0131 nedeniyle geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00fcretiminin yap\u0131labilmesi, Elektri\u011fi di\u011fer b\u00fct\u00fcn metaller i\u00e7inde g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ften …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[4836,2256,4833,2107,4831,4832,4834,4835,2858],"class_list":["post-1840","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-azurit","tag-bakir","tag-bakir-mineralleri","tag-dunya","tag-gecis-grubu-elementi","tag-hidrotermal","tag-kalkopirit","tag-malahit","tag-venus"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1840","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1840"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1840\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1840"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1840"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1840"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}