Esneklik,bir cismin,etkisinde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7 kuvvetler ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yeniden ilk bi\u00e7im ve boyutlar\u0131 kazanma yetene\u011fidir.\u0130deal esnek davran\u0131\u015fs\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda,gerileme ve bi\u00e7im de\u011fi\u015ftirme aras\u0131nda birebir bir ba\u011flant\u0131 vard\u0131r.Bu ba\u011flant\u0131do\u011frusasl oldu\u011funda esneklik do\u011frusald\u0131r denir. Esneklik s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 ,malzemenin bi\u00e7im de\u011fi\u015ftirmeksizin etkisinde kalabilece\u011fi en y\u00fcksek gerilme de\u011feridir.bu de\u011fer a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda malzemede kal\u0131c\u0131ve tersinmezbi\u00e7im de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.Metalyada betonarme\u00e7atk\u0131da \u00e7eli\u011fin ay\u0131trt edici mekanik \u00f6zelli\u011fi bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve basit \u00e7ekmeye kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi esneklik s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ylabelirlenir. Ger\u00e7ekte idealesnek davran\u0131\u015f, yaln\u0131zca zay\u0131f i\u00e7 kuvvetler etkisi alt\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr;nitekim belli esneklik s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n uzla\u015fmal\u0131 tan\u0131m\u0131 bu kuvvetlere dayanarak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r;\u00e7elikler i\u00e7in uzla\u015fmal\u0131 esneklik s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131, \u00e7ekme kuvvetinin etkiksi kalkt\u0131ktan sonra \u00f6rne\u011fin 2\/1 000 de\u011ferinde kal\u0131c\u0131 birim uzamaya yol a\u00e7an gerilmedir. Kau\u00e7uk esnekli\u011fi, \u00e7ekme kuvveti etkisinde \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek uzamag\u00f6steren,bu kuvvet kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yeniden eski boyutlar\u0131na d\u00f6nen elastomerlerin \u00f6zelli\u011fidir. Kau\u00e7uk esnekli\u011fi ger\u00e7ek esneklik gibi zorlamayla bi\u00e7imde\u011fi\u015ftiren bir malzemenin \u00f6zelli\u011fini g\u00f6sterir.Bununla birlikte burada,bi\u00e7im de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck olabilir.1 kgf\/mm2\\lik bir \u00e7ekme kuvvetinin uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir numunede, elde edilen uzama \u00e7elikte 5\/100 000,odunda1\/2000,y\u00fcnde2\/100\\dd\u00fcr.Oysa bu uzama do\u011fal kau\u00e7ukta eski uzunlu\u011funun 10-12kat\u0131na kadar \u00e7\u0131kar. Buna g\u00f6re kau\u00e7uk esnekli\u011fi esneklik mod\u00fcl\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan bile\u015fiklerin ilk durumlar\u0131ndaki ay\u0131rt edici \u00f6zelli\u011fi olu\u015fturur.Belirli bir uzama derecesinden sonra \u00e7ekme e\u011frisinin de g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi mod\u00fcl h\u0131zla artar. Kau\u00e7uk esnekli\u011fi,molek\u00fclleri kendi aralar\u0131nda k\u00f6pr\u00fclerle birbirine ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f,b\u00fck\u00fclebilir uzun zincirlerden olu\u015fan bile\u015fiklerin ay\u0131rt edici \u00f6zelli\u011fidir. Do\u011frusal esneklik kuram\u0131,gerilme ve bi\u00e7im de\u011fi\u015ftirme aras\u0131nda homojen ve do\u011frusal ba\u011flant\u0131lar bulundu\u011fu temel varsay\u0131m olarak kabul eden \u00f6\u011fretinin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturur.Bu ba\u011flant\u0131lar Hooke Yasas\u0131\\n\u0131n bir genellemesidir.Homojen ve izotrop bir malzeme s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda bu ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n katsay\u0131lar\u0131,Lame katsay\u0131s\u0131na dayanarak hesaplanabilir.Lame katsay\u0131s\u0131na genellikle \\\\enine esneklik katsays\u0131\\\\ad\u0131 verilir ve gere\u00e7 dayan\u0131m\u0131nda G ile g\u00f6sterilir. Esnek bir cismin gerilmeleri ve bi\u00e7im de\u011fi\u015ftermelri \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmsel y\u00f6ntemlerle de\u011ferlendirilebilir.Bu y\u00f6ntemle i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f kuvvetlerin etkesini ve bi\u00e7im de\u011fi\u015ftirmelerin ba\u011fda\u015f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren denklemleri \u00e7\u00f6zmeye dayan\u0131r.G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bu problemin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc.,genellikle,do\u011frudan dengeyi ve malzemenin davran\u0131\u015f yasalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcne alan bir kesikleme y\u00f6ntemi(sonlu elemanlar ya da sonlu farklar y\u00f6ntemi)kullan\u0131larak ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Esneklik \u00f6l\u00e7erler ve uzama \u00f6l\u00e7erler,esnek bi\u00e7im de\u011fi\u015ftirme alan\u0131n\u0131da,esneklik mod\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc(young mod\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc) \u00f6l\u00e7meye yarar. Maddeler \u00fczerinde kuvvet uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda,\u015fekillerinde az yada \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fmeler olur.Bir yay \u00e7ekilirse uzar,s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa k\u0131sal\u0131r.S\u00fcngeri elimizle bast\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda \u015fekli de\u011f\u015fir,elimizi \u00e7ekince eski \u015feklini a\u0131r.\u00c7elik bir \u00e7ubu\u011fun bir ucu sabitle\u015fip di\u011fer ucundan bir kuvvet uygulan\u0131rsa \u00e7ubuk e\u011filir,kuvvet kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7ubuk eski \u015feklini al\u0131r. \u015eekil de\u011fi\u015ftirici kuvvet ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda eski \u015feklini alan maddelere esnek maddeler denir. Cam macununa elimizi de\u011fdirdi\u011fimizde o da \u015fekil de\u011fi\u015ftirir.fakat elimizi \u00e7ekince eski \u015feklini\u015f alamaz.O halde cam macunu esnek bir madde de\u011fildir. Sarmal bir yay\u0131 \u00e7ekersek yay uzar, kuvvet ortadan kalk\u0131nca yay eski \u015feklini al\u0131r.\u00c7ekme kuvvetini artt\u0131r\u0131nca yay dahada uzar.Kuvvet ortada kalk\u0131nca yay eski durumuna d\u00f6nmez.Bu ve buna benzer durumlar esnekli\u011fin bir s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.kuvvet yeter derecede b\u00fcy\u00fckse yaya kopabilir. Ayn\u0131 boydaki paket lasti\u011fi ve \u00e7elik tel, u\u00e7lar\u0131ndan tutulup \u00e7ekilecek olursa,paket lasti\u011findeki uzamay\u0131 g\u00f6rebildi\u011fimiz halde,\u00e7elik teldeki uzamay\u0131 g\u00f6remeyiz.\u00c7elik teldeki uzamay\u0131 g\u00f6remedi\u011fimiz halde \u00f6l\u00e7mek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.
\n1-KATILARIN ESNEKL\u0130\u011e\u0130 Kat\u0131 cisimler,kuvvet etkisi ile \u015fekil de\u011fi\u015ftirirler.Kuvvet etkisi kalkt\u0131ktan sonra eski hallerine d\u00f6nerler.Dinamometre yap\u0131m\u0131mda kullan\u0131lan yaylar buna \u00f6rnektir. Fakat bunun yan\u0131nda, bir mermer par\u00e7as\u0131na,\u00fc \u015feker kristaline yada grafit \u00e7ubu\u011fa yeterince kuvvet uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda esneme g\u00f6r\u00fclmeden k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.Her maddenin k\u0131r\u0131labilme \u00f6zelli\u011fi de birbirinden farkl\u0131d\u0131r.
\n2-SIVILARIN ESNEKL\u0130\u011e\u0130 S\u0131v\u0131lar azda olsa esnektir.S\u0131v\u0131lar \u00fczerine bir kuvvet uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hacimlerinin \u00e7ok azda olsa de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi,kuvvet ortadan kalkar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Esneklik,bir cismin,etkisinde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7 kuvvetler ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yeniden ilk bi\u00e7im ve boyutlar\u0131 kazanma yetene\u011fidir.\u0130deal esnek davran\u0131\u015fs\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda,gerileme ve bi\u00e7im de\u011fi\u015ftirme aras\u0131nda birebir bir ba\u011flant\u0131 vard\u0131r.Bu ba\u011flant\u0131do\u011frusasl oldu\u011funda esneklik do\u011frusald\u0131r denir. Esneklik s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 ,malzemenin bi\u00e7im de\u011fi\u015ftirmeksizin etkisinde kalabilece\u011fi en y\u00fcksek gerilme de\u011feridir.bu de\u011fer a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda malzemede kal\u0131c\u0131ve tersinmezbi\u00e7im de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.Metalyada betonarme\u00e7atk\u0131da \u00e7eli\u011fin ay\u0131trt edici mekanik \u00f6zelli\u011fi …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[4950,3595,4952,4951,4949],"class_list":["post-1924","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-esneklik","tag-homojen","tag-hooke-yasasi","tag-kaucuk","tag-maddelerin-esnekligi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1924","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1924"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1924\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1924"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1924"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1924"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}