ALA\u015eIMLAR<\/p>\n
Ala\u015f\u0131m: \u0130ki veya birka\u00e7 maddenin muhtelif oranlarda beraberce eritilerek meydana getirilen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131ma ala\u015f\u0131m denir.
\n Ala\u015f\u0131mda c\u0131va bulunursa malgama ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r. C\u0131va yaln\u0131z demir ve platin madenleriyle malgama yapmaz. Madenlerin \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6zellikleri vard\u0131r. Baz\u0131 madenler yumu\u015fak yaln\u0131z ba\u015f\u0131na kullan\u0131lamazlar. Alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f gibi. Baz\u0131 madenler ise d\u00f6k\u00fcme elveri\u015fli de\u011fildirler. Bak\u0131r gibi, baz\u0131lar\u0131 kolayca a\u015f\u0131nabilirler. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131 veya dayan\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131rlar. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 y\u00fcksek ve baz\u0131lar\u0131 da al\u00e7ak s\u0131cakl\u0131kta ergirler. \u0130\u015fte madenlerin g\u00f6sterdikleri bu \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6zelliklerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc teknikte lay\u0131k\u0131yla faydalanmak i\u00e7in ve daha elveri\u015fli olmalar\u0131n\u0131 temin amac\u0131yla ala\u015f\u0131mlar yap\u0131ld\u0131. Mesela bak\u0131r d\u00f6k\u00fcme elveri\u015fli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bak\u0131r\u0131 kalayla birlikte eriterek tun\u00e7 ve \u00e7inko ile eriterek pirin\u00e7 ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131. Ala\u015f\u0131mlar; kendisini meydana getiren madenlerin erime noktalar\u0131ndan daha a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 derecede eridikleri i\u00e7in teknikte kullan\u0131lmaya elveri\u015flidirler.
\nAla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n Elde Edilmesi
\nAla\u015f\u0131mlar: Birden fazla \u00e7e\u015fitli maden par\u00e7alar\u0131 eritilmek suretiyle elde edilir. Madenlerin oksitlenmelerine engel olmak i\u00e7in k\u00f6m\u00fcr tozu ile \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fcr ve toprak bir pota i\u00e7erisinde eritilir. E\u011fer madenlerden biri u\u00e7ucu ise di\u011fer maden erimekte iken di\u011feri ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. U\u00e7madan meydana gelecek eksikli\u011fi tamamlamak i\u00e7in biraz fazla miktar maden konur.
\n\u00c7ok miktarda ala\u015f\u0131m elde etmek i\u00e7in reverber f\u0131r\u0131nlar\u0131nda ergitilerek yap\u0131l\u0131r
\nAla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n \u00d6zellikleri
\nAla\u015f\u0131mlar, yo\u011fun olup maden parlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u0131s\u0131 ve elektri\u011fi iletirler. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 beyazd\u0131r. Fakat bak\u0131r ve alt\u0131n gibi renkli madenler yeteri miktarda bulunursa ala\u015f\u0131mlar renklidir.
\nGenel olarak ala\u015f\u0131mlar, kendini te\u015fkil eden maddelerden daha sert, fakat daha az levha haline gelebilir ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131rlar. \u00c7ok fazla levha ve yaprak haline gelebilen alt\u0131n, antimon veya kur\u015fun ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman sert ve k\u0131r\u0131labilir.
\nBak\u0131rda, kalayla birle\u015fti\u011fi zaman levha haline gelebilme \u00f6zeli\u011fini kaybeder.
\nAla\u015f\u0131mlarda her iki metal, hem kat\u0131 hem de s\u0131v\u0131 halinde birbiri i\u00e7erisinde ergimi\u015ftir.
\nMetaller birbiri i\u00e7erisinde erimezler. Bu takdirde alelade bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Bu ala\u015f\u0131m mikroskop alt\u0131nda iki \u00e7e\u015fit kristal g\u00f6sterir. Kur\u015fun-Antimon ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 gibi.
\nAla\u015f\u0131m kristali, her iki atom say\u0131lar\u0131 oran\u0131nda ihtiva eder. Sodyum malgamas\u0131, Bak\u0131r-\u00c7inko ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131, Al\u00fcminyum-Bak\u0131r ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131, Demir- Karbon ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 gibi. Fakat bu \u015fekildeki ala\u015f\u0131mlar teknik bak\u0131mdan kullan\u0131lmaya elveri\u015fli de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunlar \u00e7ok k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.
\nAla\u015f\u0131mlar genellikle kendilerini meydana getiren metallerden daha az aktiftirler. \u00d6rne\u011fin, sodyum malgamas\u0131 suyu daha yava\u015f ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Halbuki sodyum suya \u00e7ok kuvvetli etki yapar.
\nAla\u015f\u0131mlar: Yap\u0131lar\u0131na giren az eriyebilen madenlerden daha fazla ve daha kolayl\u0131kla eriyebilir. Bir k\u0131sm\u0131 bu madenlerden en ziyade eriyebilen madenin erime derecesinden daha a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 bir derecede erir. Mesele kur\u015fun 335 0 C, bizmut 264 0 C, kalay 228 0 C eridi\u011fi halde Bi 8 , Pb 5 , Sn 3 k\u0131s\u0131mlardan ibaret olan ala\u015f\u0131m 94,5 0 C de erir.(Darcet) darse ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131.
\nBak\u0131r ve kalay ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 zamanla dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybeder. Bak\u0131r bir\u00e7ok ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131na girer. K\u0131ymetli madenlerden g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve alt\u0131na sertlik verir. Parlakl\u0131k ve renklerini bozmadan, inceliklerini korur.
\nKimyasal \u00d6zellikleri
\nU\u00e7abilen bir madeni bulunan ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 \u0131s\u0131 analiz eder. Bundan alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f elde etmekte faydalan\u0131l\u0131r.Alt\u0131n veya g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f tozu \u00f6nce c\u0131va ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.G\u00fcderiden s\u00fcz\u00fclerek c\u0131van\u0131n fazlas\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r ve sonra ala\u015f\u0131m \u0131s\u0131t\u0131larak u\u00e7abilen madde ay\u0131rt edilir. Ala\u015f\u0131mlar, ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 te\u015fkil eden maddelerden daha az oksitlenebilen ve asitlerden daha az etkilenebilen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlard\u0131r.
\nGenel olarak oksijen, ala\u015f\u0131mlar \u00fczerine etki eder. Bu halde madenden biri bir asit oksidi, di\u011feri, bir baz oksidi yapar. \u0130\u015fte bunun i\u00e7indir ki kalay ve kur\u015fun, antimon ve potasyumdan ibaret ala\u015f\u0131mlar alevle yanar. Baz\u0131 madenler kimyaca birle\u015fmi\u015fler ve birtak\u0131m ala\u015f\u0131mlar yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\nMesela; (Sodyum c\u0131va malgamas\u0131),(Bak\u0131r \u00e7inko),(Al\u00fcminyum bak\u0131r),(Demir karbon) bile\u015fikleridir.Fakat bu ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n teknikte kullan\u0131lmalar\u0131 elveri\u015fli de\u011fildir. \u00c7abuk k\u0131r\u0131labilirler. Bu ala\u015f\u0131mlar belirli oranlar kanununa g\u00f6re te\u015fekk\u00fcl etmi\u015flerdir.
\nAla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n mikroskopla incelenmelerine gelince; bir ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131n parlak y\u00fczeyi \u00fcst\u00fcne asitler veya baz\u0131 kimyasal ay\u0131ra\u00e7lar d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcrse ala\u015f\u0131mda muhtelif renkler g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Etkimeler birbirinden farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Madenin cinsine g\u00f6re \u00e7e\u015fitli irili ufakl\u0131 \u00e7ukurlar meydana gelir eski \u015fekliyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Mikroskopta incelenir ve foto\u011fraf\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
ALA\u015eIMLAR Ala\u015f\u0131m: \u0130ki veya birka\u00e7 maddenin muhtelif oranlarda beraberce eritilerek meydana getirilen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131ma ala\u015f\u0131m denir. Ala\u015f\u0131mda c\u0131va bulunursa malgama ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r. C\u0131va yaln\u0131z demir ve platin madenleriyle malgama yapmaz. Madenlerin \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6zellikleri vard\u0131r. Baz\u0131 madenler yumu\u015fak yaln\u0131z ba\u015f\u0131na kullan\u0131lamazlar. Alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f gibi. Baz\u0131 madenler ise d\u00f6k\u00fcme elveri\u015fli de\u011fildirler. Bak\u0131r gibi, baz\u0131lar\u0131 kolayca a\u015f\u0131nabilirler. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[2253,5048,5049,2256,2254,2720,3549,2142,3350,5050],"class_list":["post-1974","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-alasimlar","tag-alasimlarin-elde-edilmesi","tag-alasimlarin-ozellikleri","tag-bakir","tag-civa","tag-kalay","tag-maden","tag-metaller","tag-mikroskop","tag-sit-oksid"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1974","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1974"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1974\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1974"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1974"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1974"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}