01. \u0130ND\u0130KAT\u00d6RLER<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00f6zeltinin pH\u2019s\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak renk de\u011fi\u015ftiren kompleks yap\u0131daki organik bile\u015fiklere indikat\u00f6r denir. Bu t\u00fcr \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler titrasyonun biti\u015f noktas\u0131n\u0131 saptamak amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130ndikat\u00f6rleri asit baz, redoks ve \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fcrme indikat\u00f6rleri olarak ay\u0131rabiliriz.<\/p>\n
01.01. Asit- Baz \u0130ndikat\u00f6rleri<\/p>\n
Asit Baz indikat\u00f6rleri zay\u0131f asit veya zay\u0131f bazd\u0131rlar. Genelde indikat\u00f6rle HIn sembol\u00fc ile g\u00f6sterilirler. Bu indikat\u00f6rlerin ayr\u0131\u015fma tepkimeleri yaz\u0131lacak olursa;<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin metil k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 [HIn] formundayken k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, disosiye olduktan sonra [In- ] formunda ise sar\u0131 renktedir.<\/p>\n
Le Chatelier prensibine g\u00f6re H+ konsantrasyonun artmas\u0131, dengenin sola kaymas\u0131na neden olur ve bu nedenle HIn\u2019\u0131n k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 rengi (asit rengi ) g\u00f6zlenir. Bunun tersi olarak da OH- (baz) eklenmesi ile H+ konsantrasyonu azalaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in denge sa\u011fa kayacak ve In- rengi (baz rengi) olan sar\u0131 renk g\u00f6zlenecektir.<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer bir g\u00f6steri\u015f \u015fekli ile<\/p>\n
E\u011fer pH = 5 ise [H+] deri\u015fimi 10-5 olaca\u011f\u0131ndan bunuda form\u00fcldeki yerine koyarsak e\u011fer<\/p>\n
olacakt\u0131r. Bu da [HIn] deri\u015fiminin [In- ] deri\u015fiminden 100 kat fazla olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu nedenle HIn rengi olan k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 rengin g\u00f6zlenecegini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
Herhangi bir deney s\u0131ras\u0131nda Asit-Baz indikat\u00f6r\u00fc \u015fe\u00e7ilirken a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kurallara dikkat edilmesi gerekmektedir:<\/p>\n
\u2022 Deney s\u0131ras\u0131nda eklenen indikat\u00f6r miktar\u0131 2 damladan fazla olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc baz\u0131 titrantlar indikat\u00f6rlerle reaksiyona girip rengini de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir. Bu ihtimali g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edebilmek i\u00e7in eklenen indikat\u00f6r hacmi \u00e7ok az olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n \u2022 Titrasyon s\u0131ras\u0131nda, indikat\u00f6r\u00fcn ilk renk de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anda titrasyon bitirilmelidir.
\n \u2022 Deney s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u015fe\u00e7ilecek olan indikat\u00f6r\u00fcn renk de\u011fi\u015ftirme pH\u2019s\u0131 titre edilen \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerin e\u015fde\u011ferlik pH\u2019s\u0131na uymal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n \u2022 \u00d6zellikle metil oranj ve metil k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 indikat\u00f6rleri s\u0131cak \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerin titrasyonunda kullan\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu indikat\u00f6rlerin g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen renk de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri s\u0131cakl\u0131k artmas\u0131 ile daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck pH\u2019lara kayar.<\/p>\n
01.01.01. Baz\u0131 \u0130ndikat\u00f6rlerin Haz\u0131rlan\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/p>\n
\u0130ndikat\u00f6r pH aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 Asit Rengi Baz Rengi \u0130ndikat\u00f6r
\n Deri\u015fimi (g\/100mL) \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc
\n Timol Mavisi 1.2 – 2.8 K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Sar\u0131 0.1 %95 Etanol
\n Metil Sar\u0131 2.9 \u2013 4.0 K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Sar\u0131 0.5 %95 Etanol
\n Bromfenol Mavi 3.0 \u2013 4.6 Sar\u0131 Mavi 0.04 %20 Etanol
\n Metil Oranj 3.1 – 4.5 K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Sar\u0131 0.1 Su
\n Bromkrezol Ye\u015fili 3.8 – 5.5 Sar\u0131 Mavi 0.02 %95 Etanol
\n Bromfenol K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 5.2 \u2013 7.0 Sar\u0131 K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 0.04 7.8 ml 0.01 N NaOH + su
\n p-nitrofenol 5.6 \u2013 7.6 Renksiz Sar\u0131 0.25 %50 Etanol
\n Metil K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 4.2 \u2013 6.3 K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Sar\u0131 0.1 %95 Etanol
\n Nitrazin Sar\u0131s\u0131 6.0 \u2013 7.0 Sar\u0131 Mavi 0.1 Su
\n Bromtimol Mavi 6.0 \u2013 7.6 Sar\u0131 Mavi 0.1 %50 Etanol
\n Fenol K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 6.4 \u2013 8.0 Sar\u0131 K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 0.1 Su
\n N\u00f6tral K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 6.8 \u2013 8.0 K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Sar\u0131 0.1 70 ml %95 Etanol + su
\n Krezol K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 7.2 \u2013 8.8 Sar\u0131 K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 0.1 Su
\n Timol Mavi 8.0 \u2013 9.6 Sar\u0131 Mavi 0.1 %95 Etanol
\n Fenolftalein 8.3\u201310.0 Renksiz K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 1.0 %50 Etanol +0.0.1 N NaOH
\n Timolftalein 9.3\u201310.5 Renksiz Mavi 0.1 %95 Etanol
\n Alizarin Sar\u0131s\u0131 10.0-12.1 Sar\u0131 Viyole 0.1 su<\/p>\n
Fenolftalein : 1 g fenolftalein %50 Etanol\u2019 de \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u00fckten sonra, n\u00f6tralle\u015ftirmek amac\u0131 ile hafif pempe oluncaya kadar \u00fczerine 0.01 N NaOH eklenir. Bu pempe rengin 1-2 damla 0.01 N HCl asit \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi eklendi\u011fi zaman kaybolmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
01.01.02. Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k \u0130ndikat\u00f6rler<\/p>\n
Baz\u0131 titrasyonlarda daha hassas sonu\u00e7 alabilmek i\u00e7in, daha dar pH aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda titrasyonun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi istenir. Bu nedenle uygun iki indikat\u00f6r kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak \u00e7ok yak\u0131n pH aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda renk de\u011fi\u015ftiren bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m elde edilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Metilen mavisi-metilen k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 (tashiri indikat\u00f6r\u00fc) pH 5.45 ile 5.5 gibi dar bir alan i\u00e7erisinde viole renginden ye\u015file d\u00f6ner.<\/p>\n
\u0130ndikat\u00f6rler Konsantrasyon (g\/100mL) \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc Asit Rengi Baz Rengi Ge\u00e7i\u015f
\n pH’s\u0131 Ge\u00e7i\u015f Rengi
\n I II I II
\n Metil sar\u0131s\u0131 Metilen mavisi 0.05 0.05 %95 Etanol Mavi,viyole Ye\u015fil 3.2 Viole
\n Metil oranj Ksilen cyanol 0.02 0.28 %50 Etanol K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Ye\u015fil 3.9 Gri
\n Metil oranj \u0130ndigo karmin 0.1 0.25 Su Viyole Sar\u0131,ye\u015fil 4.1 Gri
\n Bromkresol ye\u015fili Metil oranj 0.1 0.02 Su Portakal Koyu ye\u015fil 4.3 A\u00e7\u0131k ye\u015fil
\n Bromkresol ye\u015fili Metil k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 0.075 0.05 %95 Etanol \u015earap k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 Ye\u015fil 5.1 –
\n Metil k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 Metilen mavisi 0.1 0.05 %95 Etanol K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131,viyole Ye\u015fil 5.4 Kirli mavi
\n Bromkresol ye\u015fili Klorfenol k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 0.05 0.05 Su Sar\u0131,ye\u015fil Mavi,viyole 6.1 –
\n Bromkresol moru Bromtimol mavisi 0.05 0.05 Su Sar\u0131 Viyole,mavi 6.7 Viole
\n N\u00f6tral k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 Metilen mavisi 0.05 0.05 %95 Etanol Viyole,mavi Ye\u015fil 7.0 –
\n Bromtimol mavisi Fenol k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 0.05 0.05 Su Sar\u0131 Koyu viyole 7.5 A\u00e7\u0131k viole
\n Kresol k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 Timol mavisi 0.025 0.15 Su Sar\u0131 Viole 8.3 Pembe
\n Fenolftalein *Metil ye\u015fili 0.033 0.067 %95 Etanol Ye\u015fil Viole 8.9 Gri,mavi
\n Fenolftalein Timol mavisi 0.075 0.025 %50 Etanol Sar\u0131 Viole 9.0 Ye\u015fil
\n Fenolftalein Timolftalein 0.1 0.1 %95 Etanol Renksiz Viole 9.9 –
\n Fenolftalein Nil mavisi 0.033 0.133 %95 Etanol Mavi K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 10.0 Viole<\/p>\n
i\u015faretli olan \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler kahverengi cam \u015fi\u015fede saklanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Her bir indikat\u00f6r i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 g\/100 mL\u2019lik \u00e7\u00f6zelti haz\u0131rlan\u0131r ve bu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlardan<\/p>\n
\u0130ndikat\u00f6rler
\n I II Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m Oranlar
\n (VI \/ VII)
\n Metil oranj *\u0130ndigo karmin 1\/1
\n Fenolftalein Timol mavisi 3\/1
\n Bromkresol ye\u015fili Metil k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 3\/1
\n N\u00f6tral k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 Metilen mavisi 1\/1
\n Bromtimol mavisi Fenol k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 1\/1
\n Kresol k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 Timol mavisi 1\/3
\n Fenolftalein Nil mavisi 1\/2
\n Metilen K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 Metilen Mavisi 1\/1<\/p>\n
01.02. \u00c7\u00f6kt\u00fcrme \u0130ndikat\u00f6rleri<\/p>\n
Az bir miktarda \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye ilave edilen iyon, e\u015fde\u011ferlik noktas\u0131nda, \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc reaktifin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 ile renkli bir tuz olu\u015fturur. Bu t\u00fcr indikat\u00f6rlere en g\u00fczel \u00f6rnek, Mohr medotu ile Cl tayininde kullan\u0131lan potasyum kromatt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
01.03. Redoks \u0130ndikat\u00f6rleri<\/p>\n
Bu t\u00fcr reaksiyonlarda kullan\u0131lan indikat\u00f6rlerde
\n \u2022 \u0130ndikat\u00f6rle meydana gelen kompleks koyu bir renk olu\u015fturmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n \u2022 Olu\u015fan kompleks uygun bir stabilitede olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n \u2022 Kompleks olu\u015fumu reversible (tersinir) olmal\u0131 ve ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 kolay olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu tip indikat\u00f6rlere \u00f6rnek olarak Volhard y\u00f6nteminde kullan\u0131lan Fe3+ verilebilir.<\/p>\n
Bir miktar Fe(NO3)3 ilave edilen AgNO3 (g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f nitrat) \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi ayarl\u0131 KSCN ile titre edilir ve beyaz AgSCN \u00e7\u00f6kele\u011fi meydana gelir.<\/p>\n
Eklenen KSCN\u2019nin fazlas\u0131 Fe3+ iyonunu ile kan k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 renkli FeSCN2+ kompleksini olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
01. \u0130ND\u0130KAT\u00d6RLER \u00c7\u00f6zeltinin pH\u2019s\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak renk de\u011fi\u015ftiren kompleks yap\u0131daki organik bile\u015fiklere indikat\u00f6r denir. Bu t\u00fcr \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler titrasyonun biti\u015f noktas\u0131n\u0131 saptamak amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130ndikat\u00f6rleri asit baz, redoks ve \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fcrme indikat\u00f6rleri olarak ay\u0131rabiliriz. 01.01. Asit- Baz \u0130ndikat\u00f6rleri Asit Baz indikat\u00f6rleri zay\u0131f asit veya zay\u0131f bazd\u0131rlar. Genelde indikat\u00f6rle HIn sembol\u00fc ile g\u00f6sterilirler. Bu indikat\u00f6rlerin ayr\u0131\u015fma tepkimeleri yaz\u0131lacak …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[2244,2245,5173,2125,2200,2174,5172,5170,5171,5157,5174],"class_list":["post-2052","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-asit","tag-baz","tag-cokturme-indikatorleri","tag-cozelti","tag-etanol","tag-indikatorler","tag-karisik-indikatorler","tag-metil-kirmizisi","tag-notral-kirmizisi","tag-redoks","tag-redoks-indikatorleri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2052","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2052"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2052\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2052"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2052"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2052"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}