Kat\u0131 T\u00fcrleri
\nTanecikler Aras\u0131ndaki Molek\u00fcller Aras\u0131 (intermolek\u00fcler) Kuvvet(ler)
\n 1. Metallik Kristaller (Metaller)
\n \u00d6rnekler: Na Cu Fe Mn
\n Metalik Ba\u011f: De\u011ferlik elektronlar\u0131 metalik ba\u011fa sebep olan hareketli elektronlar denizini olu\u015ftururlar.
\n 2. \u0130yonik Kristaller (\u0130yonik Kat\u0131lar)
\n \u00d6rnekler: NaCl MgCl2 MgO
\n \u0130yonik Ba\u011f: Farkl\u0131 y\u00fckl\u00fc iyonlar\u0131n birbirini \u00e7ekmesi. \u00d6rg\u00fc enerjisi iyonik ba\u011f kuvvetinin bir \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fidir.
\n 3. Kovalent Kristaller (Kat\u0131 \u00d6rg\u00fcs\u00fc)
\n \u00d6rnekler (k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck molek\u00fcl s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na!): C(elmas) SiC(k) SiO2 (kuarz)
\n Kovalent ba\u011f \u00f6rg\u00fcs\u00fc. A\u011f kat\u0131lar\u0131 sonsuz(!) 3-boyutlu kovalent ba\u011f \u00f6rg\u00fcs\u00fcnden dolay\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek erime ve kaynama noktas\u0131na sahip bile\u015fiklerdir.
\n 4. Molek\u00fcler Kristaller
\n \u00d6rnekler:<\/p>\n
A\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden bir yada birka\u00e7\u0131:
\n (a) Hidrojenin O N yada F\u2019ye ba\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekir: H2O HF NH3.<\/p>\n
(a) Hidrojen ba\u011f\u0131: Hidrojen ba\u011flar\u0131 kovalent ba\u011flardan daha zay\u0131ft\u0131rlar ama a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki (b) yada \u00a9 den daha kuvvetlidirler.
\n (b) C6H6 (benzen) polietilen I2 F2 ve (a) daki bile\u015fiklerin t\u00fcm\u00fc.
\n (b) London (Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m) Kuvvetleri (anl\u0131k dipol \u2013 anl\u0131k dipol kuvvetleri): anl\u0131k dipoller aras\u0131ndaki evrensel \u00e7ekim kuvvetleri. Bu kuvvetler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck molek\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip molek\u00fcller i\u00e7in zay\u0131f fakat y\u00fcksek molek\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 uzun ve kolayca polarla\u015fabilen molek\u00fcllerde \u00e7ok kuvvetlidir. Bu kuvvetler genellikle a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00a9 ye g\u00f6re daha bask\u0131nd\u0131r.
\n \u00a9 CHF3 CH3COCH3 (aseton) ve H2O HF NH3.
\n \u00a9 Dipol-dipol kuvvetleri: bu kuvvetler polar molek\u00fcller aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Hidrojen ba\u011flar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha zay\u0131ft\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
Not: Van der Waals Kuvvetleri yukar\u0131daki (b) ve \u00a9 kategorilerinin her ikisini de i\u00e7eren bir kategoridir.
\n 5. Atomik Kristaller
\n \u00d6rnekler: He Ne Ar Kr Xe
\n London Kuvvetleri: Yukar\u0131da b\u00f6l\u00fcm 4(b)\u2019ye bak\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n
*Not: \u00d6rneklerde verilen bile\u015fiklerin \u00e7o\u011fu oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kat\u0131 halde bulunmazlar. Ancak bunlar\u0131 yeterince d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa so\u011futursan\u0131z nihayetinde kat\u0131 hale ge\u00e7eceklerdir.<\/p>\n
Bile\u015fiklerin Fiziksel \u00d6zellikleri bu kuvvetlere ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.
\n Tanecikler aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7ekim kuvvetleri ne kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olursa
\n (a) erime noktas\u0131 o kadar y\u00fcksek olur.
\n (b) kaynama noktas\u0131 o kadar y\u00fcksek olur.
\n \u00a9 buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 o kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olur (sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta kapal\u0131 bir kapta bulunulan s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131yla denge halindeki gaz\u0131n k\u0131smi bas\u0131nc\u0131).
\n (d) viskozitesi (ak\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 direnci) o kadar y\u00fcksek olur.
\n (e) y\u00fczey gerilimi (y\u00fczey alan\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015flemesine kar\u015f\u0131 direnci) o kadar fazla olur.
\n __________________________________________________ _______________________________
\n 1. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki maddelerin her biri kat\u0131 hallerinde ne t\u00fcr kristal olu\u015ftururlar? Se\u00e7enekler metalik iyonik kovalent yada molek\u00fcler kristaller.
\n (a) C2H6 ______________ (b) Na2O ____________ \u00a9 SiO2 ________________
\n (d) CO2 ______________ (e) N2O5 ____________ (f) NaNO3 ______________
\n (g) Al ________________ (h) C(elmas) _______ (i) SO2 _________________
\n __________________________________________________ ___________________
\n 2. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki bile\u015fiklerden s\u0131v\u0131 hallerindeyken molek\u00fclleraras\u0131 hidrojen ba\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturmalar\u0131n\u0131 beklediklerinizi daire i\u00e7erisine al\u0131n\u0131z:
\n (a) CH3OCH3 (b) CH4 \u00a9 HF (d) CH3CO2H (e) Br2 (f) CH3OH
\n (dimetil eter) (asetik asit) (metanol)
\n __________________________________________________ ______________________________
\n 3. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki maddelerde molek\u00fclleraras\u0131 kuvvetlerden hangisinin bask\u0131n olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yanlar\u0131ndaki bo\u015fluklara yaz\u0131n\u0131z. Son s\u00fctunda da \u00e7iftlerden hangisini daha y\u00fcksek kaynama noktas\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131 bekledi\u011finizi yaz\u0131n..<\/p>\n
Madde #1
\n Bask\u0131n
\n Molek\u00fclleraras\u0131 Kuvvet
\n Madde #2
\n Bask\u0131n
\n Molek\u00fclleraras\u0131 Kuvvet
\n Daha Y\u00fcksek Kaynama Noktas\u0131na Sahip Olan Madde
\n (a) HCl(g)
\n I2<\/p>\n
(b) CH3F
\n CH3OH<\/p>\n
\u00a9 H2O
\n H2S<\/p>\n
(d) SiO2
\n SO2<\/p>\n
(e) Fe
\n Kr<\/p>\n
(f) CH3OH
\n CuO<\/p>\n
(g) NH3
\n CH4<\/p>\n
(h) HCl(g)
\n NaCl<\/p>\n
(i) SiC
\n Cu<\/p>\n
Cevaplar:
\n 1. (a) molek\u00fcler; (b) iyonik; \u00a9 kovalent (a\u011f kat\u0131s\u0131); (d) molek\u00fcler; (e) molek\u00fcler; (f) iyonik;
\n (g) metalik; (h) kovalent (a\u011f kat\u0131s\u0131); (i) molek\u00fcler.
\n 2. \u0130pucu: Molek\u00fclde H atomunun O N yada F atomuna ba\u011fl\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc H sadece O N yada F\u2019ye ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda di\u011fer molek\u00fcl\u00fcn O N yada F atomlar\u0131yla hidrojen ba\u011flar\u0131 olu\u015fturabilirler . Bu y\u00fczden \u00a9 (d) ve (f) nin daire i\u00e7ine al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir.
\n 3. \u0130pucu: Bask\u0131n molek\u00fclleraras\u0131 kuvvetler i\u00e7in se\u00e7enekler metalik ba\u011f iyonik ba\u011f \u00f6rg\u00fc kovalent ba\u011f hidrojen ba\u011f\u0131 ve London kuvvetleri (anl\u0131k dipol \u2013 anl\u0131k dipol kuvvetleri). Dipol-dipol kuvvetleri genelde London kuvvetleri taraf\u0131ndan bast\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r bask\u0131n oldu\u011fu durumlar \u00e7ok nadir dir.
\n (a) London kuvvetleri; London kuvvetleri; I2.
\n (b) London kuvvetleri; hidrojen ba\u011f\u0131; CH3OH.
\n \u00a9 hidrojen ba\u011f\u0131; London kuvvetleri; H2O.
\n (d) a\u011f kovalent ba\u011f\u0131; London kuvvetleri; SiO2.
\n (e) metalik ba\u011f; London kuvvetleri; Fe.
\n (f) hidrojen ba\u011f\u0131; iyonik ba\u011f; CuO.
\n (g) hidrojen ba\u011f\u0131; London kuvvetleri; NH3.
\n (h) London kuvvetleri; iyonik ba\u011f; NaCl.
\n (i) a\u011f kovalent ba\u011f\u0131; metalik ba\u011f; SiC.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kat\u0131 T\u00fcrleri Tanecikler Aras\u0131ndaki Molek\u00fcller Aras\u0131 (intermolek\u00fcler) Kuvvet(ler) 1. Metallik Kristaller (Metaller) \u00d6rnekler: Na Cu Fe Mn Metalik Ba\u011f: De\u011ferlik elektronlar\u0131 metalik ba\u011fa sebep olan hareketli elektronlar denizini olu\u015ftururlar. 2. \u0130yonik Kristaller (\u0130yonik Kat\u0131lar) \u00d6rnekler: NaCl MgCl2 MgO \u0130yonik Ba\u011f: Farkl\u0131 y\u00fckl\u00fc iyonlar\u0131n birbirini \u00e7ekmesi. \u00d6rg\u00fc enerjisi iyonik ba\u011f kuvvetinin bir \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fidir. 3. Kovalent Kristaller …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[2136,5272,3583,2239,5274,5276,5273,2142,5271,5275,5277],"class_list":["post-2110","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-hidrojen","tag-intermolekuler","tag-iyonik","tag-iyonik-bag","tag-iyonik-kristaller","tag-london-kuvvetleri","tag-metalik-bag","tag-metaller","tag-molekuller-arasi-kuvvetler","tag-van-der-waals-kuvvetleri","tag-viskozite"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2110","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2110"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2110\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2110"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2110"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2110"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}