Kolloid bir t\u00fcr homojen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131md\u0131r. 1861’de \u0130sko\u00e7yal\u0131 bilimci Thomas Graham de\u011fi\u015fik maddelerin par\u015f\u00f6men zar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7i\u015flerini incelemi\u015f ve bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yava\u015f hareket ettiklerini g\u00f6zlemlemi\u015ftir. \u00d6rne\u011fin alb\u00fcmin jelatin arap zamk\u0131 gibi maddeler yava\u015f hareket ederken \u015feker potasyum hidroksit sodyum klor\u00fcr gibi maddelerin zardan \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 ge\u00e7tiklerini tespit etmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re Graham \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f maddeleri zardan ge\u00e7i\u015flerine g\u00f6re kristaloidler ve kolloidler olarak ikiye ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kolloidler b\u00fcy\u00fck molek\u00fcll\u00fc olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in zardan ge\u00e7ememi\u015ftir. Sonunda ni\u015fasta jelatin gibi maddeler zamk ile ayn\u0131 \u00f6zellikleri g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi i\u00e7in Yunanca’da zamk anlam\u0131na gelen kola kelimesinden t\u00fcreyen kolloid s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak bilimsel geli\u015fmeler sonucunda Graham’\u0131n kolloid olarak nitelendirdi\u011fi protein gibi maddeleri kristallendirmek ve kristaloid olarak nitelendirdi\u011fi k\u00fck\u00fcrd\u00fcn kolloidal \u00e7\u00f6zeltisini haz\u0131rlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmu\u015ftur ve bu nedenle Graham’\u0131n bu s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131 \u00f6nemini yitirmi\u015ftir.
\nYeni tan\u0131ma g\u00f6re; bir maddenin kendisi i\u00e7in \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc olmayan bir ortamda 10-5-10-7 cm boyutlar\u0131nda da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131yla olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye kolloidal \u00e7\u00f6zelti denir. \u00d6rne\u011fin k\u00fck\u00fcrd\u00fcn kilin sabunun suda da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131yla kolloidal \u00e7\u00f6zelti olu\u015fur. Yine s\u00fct kan serumu ve zamk\u0131n sudaki \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri ve \u00e7e\u015fitli polimer maddelerin kendilerine uygun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerdeki \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri kolloidal \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerdir.<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131s\u0131<\/p>\n
Kolloidal \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler da\u011f\u0131lma faz\u0131 ve da\u011f\u0131lan faz olmak \u00fczere iki fazdan olu\u015fur. Da\u011f\u0131lma faz\u0131 homojen bir ortamd\u0131r. Bu ortam kat\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131 veya gaz halde olabilir. Da\u011f\u0131lan faz\u0131 olu\u015fturan tanecikler ise \u00e7ok say\u0131da atom veya atom gruplar\u0131ndan olu\u015fmu\u015f olup bu tanecikler \u0131\u015f\u0131k mikroskobunda g\u00f6r\u00fclmez ancak elektron mikroskobunda g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Kolloidal \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri di\u011fer \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerden ay\u0131ran ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00f6zellik bu taneciklerin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr. Taneciklerin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 10-5 cm’den b\u00fcy\u00fck ise \u00e7\u00f6zelti s\u00fcspansiyon ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r. Taneciklerin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 10-7 cm’den k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ise \u00e7\u00f6zelti ger\u00e7ek \u00e7\u00f6zeltidir.
\n Kolloidal sistemler da\u011f\u0131lma ve da\u011f\u0131lan faz\u0131n kat\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131 ve gaz halde olmas\u0131na g\u00f6re 8 tipte incelenebilir:<\/p>\n
Kolloidal sistem kat\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda jel ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Optik \u00d6zellikleri<\/p>\n
1857’de Faraday alt\u0131n\u0131n kolloidal \u00e7\u00f6zeltisini haz\u0131rlamay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f ve bu \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin optik \u00f6zelliklerini incelemi\u015ftir. Bir alt\u0131n sol\u00fc kuvvetli bir \u0131\u015f\u0131k ile ayd\u0131nlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sole yandan bak\u0131l\u0131rsa beyaz bir yol halinde bir \u0131\u015f\u0131k demei g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Faraday bu olay\u0131 alt\u0131n tanecikleri \u00fczerinde \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n sa\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 olay\u0131 inceleyen Tyndall 1860’ta sa\u00e7\u0131lan \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n polarize oldu\u011funu bulmu\u015ftur. Daha sonra ultra mikroskobun bulunmas\u0131yla taneciklerin boyutunu saptamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmu\u015ftur. Kolloidal taneciklerin boyutunu saptamak i\u00e7in mikroskop y\u00f6nteminden ba\u015fka ultra santrif\u00fcj osmotik bas\u0131n\u00e7 t\u00fcrbidite viskozite gibi y\u00f6ntemlerden de yararlan\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu uygulamalar\u0131n sonunda kolloidal taneciklerin atom ve molek\u00fcllerden b\u00fcy\u00fck tanecikler oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n
Kimyasal bile\u015fimlerine g\u00f6re kolloidler:
\n 1. Anorganik Kolloidler
\nOksit solleri
\nHidroksit solleri
\nTuz solleri
\n2. Organik Kolloidler
\nHomopolar soller
\nHeteropolar soller
\nHidroksi soller
\nTanecik \u015fekillerine g\u00f6re kolloidler:
\nK\u00fcresel Kolloidler
\nLineer Kolloidler
\nYap\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan kolloidler:
\nMisel Tipi Kolloidler
\nMolek\u00fcler Kolloidler
\nKararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re kolloidler:
\nLiyofob Kolloidler (Ortam\u0131n s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 su ise hidrofob ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r.)
\nLiyofil Kolloidler (Ortam\u0131n s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 su ise hidrofil ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kolloid bir t\u00fcr homojen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131md\u0131r. 1861’de \u0130sko\u00e7yal\u0131 bilimci Thomas Graham de\u011fi\u015fik maddelerin par\u015f\u00f6men zar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7i\u015flerini incelemi\u015f ve bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yava\u015f hareket ettiklerini g\u00f6zlemlemi\u015ftir. \u00d6rne\u011fin alb\u00fcmin jelatin arap zamk\u0131 gibi maddeler yava\u015f hareket ederken \u015feker potasyum hidroksit sodyum klor\u00fcr gibi maddelerin zardan \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 ge\u00e7tiklerini tespit etmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re Graham \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f maddeleri zardan ge\u00e7i\u015flerine …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[5361,3584,4963,2481,5358,5360,5359,5364,5363,3350,2196,4846,5362,5078,4543],"class_list":["post-2146","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-anorganik-kolloidler","tag-hidroksit","tag-homojen-karisim","tag-isik-mikroskobu","tag-kolloid-nedir","tag-kolloidal-cozelti","tag-kristaloid","tag-liyofil-kolloidler","tag-liyofob-kolloidler","tag-mikroskop","tag-molekul","tag-oksit","tag-organik-kolloidler","tag-potasyum-hidroksit","tag-sodyum-klorur"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2146","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2146"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2146\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2146"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2146"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2146"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}