ABATAJ, 1) Tabii konumundaki madenin, kazma, martopik\u00f6r, \u2014> dinamit, vb. ara\u00e7larla yerinden s\u00f6k\u00fclmesi ve ta\u015f\u0131maya haz\u0131r hale getirilmesi. 2) \u2014> Kaz\u0131. AB\u0130SAL FAS\u0130YES, 1) Derinli\u011fi 900 m\u2019den fazla olan deniz diplerindeki \u00e7\u00f6keller. 2) Derin deniz fasiyesi. \u2014> Fasiyes.
\nABSORPS\u0130YON, 1) Absorb etme, emme yani su veya di\u011fer s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n, kat\u0131 malzemenin g\u00f6ze-neklerinin i\u00e7ine girmesi. Y\u00fcksek absorpsiyon kapasitesi, malzemenin b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u00fczey alan\u0131, toplam g\u00f6zenek hacmi ile yeterli g\u00f6zenek b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na sahip olmalar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bentonit, fuller topra\u011f\u0131 sepiyolit ve atapulgit bu \u00f6zelliklere b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde sahip oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in absorbant malzeme olarak kullan\u0131-l\u0131rlar. 2) Gaz, \u0131\u015f\u0131k, \u0131s\u0131 ve \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n bir maddeden ge\u00e7erken k\u0131smen veya tamamen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi ve emilmesi. 3) K\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn b\u00fcnyesinde gazlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f halde ve bir t\u00fcr molek\u00fclsel s\u0131zma \u015feklinde bulunmas\u0131 durumu. 4) So\u011furma 5) Az hareketli n\u00f6tronlar\u0131n ince bor ve kadmiyum tabakalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yutulmas\u0131.
\nABSORPLAYICI, 1) Elektrikte, y\u00fcksek gerilime kar\u015f\u0131 koruyucu olan ara\u00e7. 2) G\u00f6kbilimde, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 emerek azaltma \u00f6zelli\u011fini g\u00f6steren ortam. 3) Tar\u0131mda. tah\u0131llar\u0131 i\u00e7ine \u00e7ekerek aktaran ayg\u0131t. 4) Rafinerilerde, petrol gazlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcz\u00fclmesinde kullan\u0131lan ar\u0131tma tertibat\u0131.
\n AC ( AMONYUM KLOR\u00dcR) Y\u00d6NTEM\u0130, Sentetik soda k\u00fcl\u00fc \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemlerinden biri. DUAL\u2019da denilen ve Japonlar taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen AC y\u00f6ntemi, solvay y\u00f6nteminin de\u011fi\u015fik bir \u015feklidir. Bu y\u00f6ntemle tuzdaki sodyum i\u00e7eri\u011finin hepsi soda k\u00fcl\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu oran Solvay y\u00f6nteminde % 70 dir. Yan \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak \u00e7\u0131kan \u2014> Amonyum klor\u00fcr ( NH4 CL) yani n\u0131\u015fad\u0131r en \u00e7ok kuru pillerde elektrolit olarak, galvanizleme ve kalaylamada, ayr\u0131ca metal y\u00fczeylerdeki oksit katman\u0131n\u0131 gidererek metalin lehim tutmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla lehimcilikte de yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u2014> Solvay y\u00f6ntemi.
\n A\u00c7I \u0130STASYONU, 1) Konvey\u00f6r veya havai hatt\u0131n y\u00f6n de\u011fi\u015ftirme yerindeki d\u00fczen. 2) Zaviye.
\n A\u00c7IK ALEV, 1) Ortamdaki grizuyu tutu\u015fturabilen veya patlatabilen, yeterince kapat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ve korunmam\u0131\u015f alev.
\n A\u00c7IK AYAK \u0130\u015eLETME METODU, 1) Belli bir plan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmeden, tahkimat yap\u0131lmadan aras\u0131ra \u00e7atal direk vurmak veya topuklar b\u0131rakmak suretiyle cevher yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesine g\u00f6re gayri muntazam bacalar (galeri ve k\u0131lavuzlar) s\u00fcrmek veya muntazam bacalar s\u00fcr\u00fcp topuklar b\u0131rakmak ve maden yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re a\u00e7\u0131k i\u015fletmelerde oldu\u011fu gibi basamaklar yapmak suretiyle cevher ve yan ta\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flam olan metalik cevher yataklar\u0131na uygulanan yeralt\u0131 (\u00fcretim) i\u015fletme metotlar\u0131. K\u00f6stebek, Basit ma\u011fara, Sistemsiz topuklu, Sistematik topuklu, Ba\u015fa\u015fa\u011f\u0131, Yeralt\u0131 huni (glori hol), Ba\u015fyukar\u0131, Oda ve topuk, Tali (ara) katl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k ayak i\u015fletme metodu diye s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131labilir. 2) Tahkimats\u0131z ayak i\u015fletme metodu.
\n A\u00c7IK \u0130\u015eLETME, 1) Maden \u00fczerindeki \u00f6rt\u00fc tabakas\u0131n\u0131 almak ve bu suretle maden kitlesini istihsal edebilecek bir duruma getirmek amac\u0131yla uygulanan bir maden oca\u011f\u0131 i\u015fletme sistemi. 2) A\u00e7\u0131k ocak. 3) Normal a\u00e7\u0131k i\u015fletme. \u2014> Yer\u00fcst\u00fc madencili\u011fi.
\n A\u00c7IK \u0130\u015eLETME METODU, Yery\u00fcz\u00fcne mostra vermi\u015f veya nisbeten ince bir \u00f6rt\u00fc tabakas\u0131 ile kapl\u0131 bulunan madenin en az zayiatla, emniyetli ve yeralt\u0131 i\u015fletme metoduna nazaran daha ekonomik olarak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in uygulanan sistem. Genel olarak a\u00e7\u0131k i\u015fletme metodlar\u0131; normal a\u00e7\u0131k i\u015fletme, \u2014> Plaser i\u015fletmesi (kuru veya sulu) ve kapal\u0131 i\u015fletme ile irtibatl\u0131 olan \u2014> M\u00fc\u015fterek i\u015fletme metodlar\u0131 \u015feklinde ayr\u0131labilir. Maden yata\u011f\u0131 damar \u015feklinde ise bu yata\u011f\u0131n yery\u00fcz\u00fcne yak\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131, yatay tabaka halinde veya b\u00fcy\u00fck kitle halinde ise dekapaj\/maden oran\u0131 m\u00fcsait oldu\u011fu takdirde maden yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131 bu sistem uygulanarak i\u015fletilebilir. A\u00e7\u0131k i\u015fletme metodu, uygulamada esas \u00f6rt\u00fc tabakas\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lma-s\u0131ndan sonra madenin kaz\u0131l\u0131p y\u00fcklenmesi ve ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131d\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131k i\u015fletme metodu \u00f6rt\u00fc tabakas\u0131 ve maden yata\u011f\u0131 basamak \u015feklinde yatay dilim-lere b\u00f6l\u00fcnerek ve \u00f6rt\u00fc tabakas\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re patlay\u0131c\u0131 madde kullanarak veya kullanmadan gev\u015fetme ve kaz\u0131 yapmak; kaz\u0131, y\u00fckleme, ta\u015f\u0131ma ve d\u00f6kme arac\u0131 olarak da ekskavat\u00f6r-kamyon-d\u00f6k\u00fcc\u00fc, ekskavat\u00f6r-demiryolu-d\u00f6k\u00fcc\u00fc, ekskava-t\u00f6r-bant-d\u00f6k\u00fcc\u00fc vb. ara\u00e7lar kullan\u0131lmak suretiyle uygulan\u0131r. \u2014> Gezer aktar\u0131c\u0131, D\u00f6ner kep\u00e7eli ekskavat\u00f6r.
\n A\u00c7IK OCAK, \u2014> A\u00e7\u0131k i\u015fletme.
\n A\u00c7IK POL\u0130GON, \u2014> Poligon.
\n A\u00c7IK POZ\u0130SYON, Maden ticaretinde kullan\u0131lan ve ilerdeki bir pazar durumuna kar\u015f\u0131, kesin ba\u011flant\u0131 yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ( tamam\u0131 sat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f) durum. Baz\u0131 ABD takas odalar\u0131nda kesin sat\u0131\u015flar \u00f6nemli olup, g\u00fcnl\u00fck olarak yay\u0131nlan\u0131r ve istatistiklere girer.
\n A\u00c7ILIM YARMASI, 1) Bir a\u00e7\u0131k i\u015fletmede, s\u0131f\u0131r kotunun a\u015fa\u011f\u0131s\u0131ndaki bir basama\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan ilk giri\u015f a\u011fz\u0131. 2) \u0130lk \u00e7ukur.
\n A\u00c7ILI D\u0130SKORDANS, \u2014> Ayk\u0131r\u0131 tabakala\u015fma.
\n ADAM AY, Belli bir i\u015fin projelendirilmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda personel ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n, ihtiya\u00e7 s\u00fcresinin de belirtilerek ifadesi.<\/p>\n
ADAM YOLU, Bir galeride insanlar\u0131n emniyetle y\u00fcr\u00fcmesini sa\u011flayabilmek i\u00e7in b\u0131rak\u0131lan ve asgari 60 cm. geni\u015flikte olan galeri k\u0131sm\u0131 veya yol.<\/p>\n
ADESE, 1) Kenar zonlar\u0131 ince, ortas\u0131na do\u011fru kal\u0131nla\u015fan mercek \u015feklindeki maden yata\u011f\u0131 2) Mercek.
\n AD\u0130 BER\u0130L, \u2014> Beril.
\n AD\u0130 MERMERLER,\u2014> Mermer cinsleri.
\n ADNAN G\u00d6KSEL Y\u00d6NTEM\u0130, Toz halindeki demir cevherinin sinterleme yerine, buharla sertle\u015ftirilerek izabe edilebilir hale getirilmesi. Bu y\u00f6ntemde demir tozuna % 7-8 oran\u0131nda kire\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak har\u00e7 yap\u0131l\u0131r, d\u00f6ner bir teknede gran\u00fcle edilir ve daha sonra arabalara y\u00fcklenir ve i\u00e7erisine 170-180\u00b0C s\u0131cakl\u0131kta 12 at civar\u0131nda bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 doymu\u015f buhar verilen kazana s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Kazanda 7-8 saat tutulduktan sonra buharla sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f gran\u00fcle malzeme y\u00fcksek f\u0131r\u0131na \u015farj edilerek pik demir elde edilir. Bu i\u015flem s\u0131ras\u0131nda malzeme sertle\u015firken metalize oldu\u011fundan kupol oca\u011f\u0131na da \u015farj edilmek suretiyle pik demir elde edilebilmektedir.
\n ADSORPS\u0130YON, Gaz molek\u00fcllerinin veya erimi\u015f maddelerin bir kat\u0131 k\u00fctlenin y\u00fczeyine (\u00e7ekilmesi) yap\u0131\u015fmas\u0131. Relatif olarak gazlar\u0131n veya sol\u00fcsyonlar\u0131n kontakt y\u00fczeyinde konsantrasyonu. Kegel\u2019e g\u00f6re k\u00f6m\u00fcr katmanlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczeylerinde gaz adsorpsiyonunu k\u00f6m\u00fcr i\u00e7indeki k\u0131lcal bo\u015fluklar sa\u011flar. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re, k\u00f6m\u00fcr olu\u015fumunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan metan gaz\u0131 molek\u00fcler kuvvetler vas\u0131tas\u0131yla k\u0131lcal bo\u015fluklarda saklan\u0131r.
\n ADYABAT\u0130K KOMPRESYON ISISI, (SIKI\u015eMA ISISI), \u201c Poisson\u201d Kanununa g\u00f6re taze havan\u0131n girdi\u011fi yerde u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7 art\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan do\u011fan \u0131s\u0131 olup ortalama olarak her 100 metrede hava s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 1\u00b0C artmas\u0131. Havan\u0131n bu s\u0131k\u0131\u015fma veya fazla bas\u0131nc\u0131ndan ileri gelen hava \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckseli\u015fi, havan\u0131n tekrar yukar\u0131 katlara \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ile azal\u0131r. Adyabatik kompresyon \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 derin maden ocaklar\u0131nda, oca\u011fa g\u00f6nderilen havan\u0131n \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131na neden olur. \u2014> Ocak iklimi, Jeotermal Gradyen.
\n AERAJ, \u2014> Havaland\u0131rma.
\n AEROB, 1) Ya\u015fayabilmesi ve \u00fcreyebilmesi i\u00e7in serbest oksijenin bulundu\u011fu ortamlara gereksinim duyan organizma. Serbest oksijen olmadan da ya\u015fayabilenlere \u201cAnaerob\u201d ya da \u201cHavas\u0131z ya\u015far\u201d denir. 2) Havayla ya\u015far,
\n AEROD\u0130NAM\u0130K, Bir cisimle bu cismin i\u00e7inde hareket etti\u011fi hava veya gaz aras\u0131ndaki veya bir boru i\u00e7inde hareket eden hava veya gazla, boru cidar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkileri inceleyen bilim dal\u0131. Gaz \u015feklindeki ortam\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131 k\u0131sa zamanda de\u011fi\u015fmiyorsa bu durumda s\u0131v\u0131lar i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olan hidrodinamik hareket kanunlar\u0131 bu \u015fekildeki gaz ortamlar\u0131 i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. Gaz ortam\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131 \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fiklikler g\u00f6steren gaz hareketleriyle ilgilenen aerodinamik dal\u0131na \u201cGaz Dinami\u011fi\u201d denir. Gaz k\u00fctlelerinin denge kanunlar\u0131yla ilgilenen fizik dal\u0131na da \u201c Aerostatik\u201d denir. Madencilikte havaland\u0131rma, aerodinamik, gaz dinami\u011fi ve aerostatik fizik kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131, i\u015flemlerin temelini olu\u015fturur. Ocak havalad\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n daha az enerji harcanarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda; se\u00e7ilen galeri kesitlerinin, tahkimat\u0131n, vantilat\u00f6r kanatlar\u0131n\u0131n, ocak kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ve kullan\u0131lan ta\u015f\u0131ma ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n aerodinamik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ( hava hareketine kar\u015f\u0131 az bir diren\u00e7 verecek \u015fekilde) \u015fekillendirmeleri, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r.
\n AEROS\u0130KLON, Santrif\u00fcj toz ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131, \u2014> Siklon.
\n AEROSOL, Gaz halindeki bir ortamda, genellikle de havada, \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7alara b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcp d\u00fczg\u00fcn bi\u00e7imde da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan s\u0131v\u0131 ya da kat\u0131 par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu sistem. Ger\u00e7ek aerosol par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ap\u0131 mikronun birka\u00e7 binde biri ile yakla\u015f\u0131k bir mikron aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir. S\u00fcspansiyon durumundaki daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7ac\u0131klar s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda, sistem aerosol olmaktan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p ger\u00e7ek bir \u00e7\u00f6zelti niteli\u011fi kazan\u0131r.
\n AEROSTAT\u0130K, \u2014> Aerodinamik.
\n AFL\u00d6RMAN, \u2014> Mostra.
\n AGLOMERA, 1) Volkan bombalar\u0131 ve lapillerin (k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck taneciklerin) geli\u015fi g\u00fczel bir \u015fekilde \u00e7imentolanmas\u0131 ile meydana gelen kaya\u00e7. 2) \u015eekilsiz, yuvarlakla\u015fmam\u0131\u015f ve birbirlerine s\u0131cakl\u0131k sebebiyle kaynam\u0131\u015f iri par\u00e7alardan olu\u015fan volkanik t\u00fcf.
\n AGLOMERASYON, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tanelerin bir arada kompakt hale getirilmesi i\u015flemi.
\n AGREGA, 1) \u00c7imentoyla har\u00e7 yapmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan kum, \u00e7ak\u0131l, m\u0131c\u0131r, k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ta\u015flar, v.b. maddelerden olu\u015fan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m. Agrega ; beton agregalar\u0131 ve hafif agregalar olarak iki gruba ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kum, \u00e7ak\u0131l ve m\u0131c\u0131rdan olu\u015fan beton agregalar\u0131, TS 706 ve 707 ile belirlenmi\u015f olup ; ince agrega, iri agrega ve t\u00fcvenan agrega olarak ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar. Hafif beton agregalar imalinde kullan\u0131lan hafif agregalar ise ;
\n a- Do\u011fal hafif agregalar (Pomza, t\u00fcf, t\u00fcfit, diyatomit, zeolit, asbest \u2014\u2014\u2014> puzalonik topraklar)
\n b- Yapay hafif agregalar ( Perlit, genle\u015fen kil, y\u00fcksek f\u0131r\u0131n c\u00fcrufu, u\u00e7ucu k\u00fcl, vermik\u00fclit, cam elyaf\u0131, k\u00f6m\u00fcr c\u00fcrufu, zeolit) olarak alt gruplara ayr\u0131l\u0131r. 2) Beton ya da har\u00e7 yapmak \u00fczere \u00e7imento, katran, kire\u00e7, al\u00e7\u0131ta\u015f\u0131 ya da ba\u015fka bir yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 madde ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan malzeme. Agrega, in\u015faat malzemesinin hacmini, y\u0131pranma veya a\u015f\u0131nmaya kar\u015f\u0131 direncini art\u0131r\u0131r. En \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan agregalar aras\u0131nda kum, \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f veya k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ta\u015f, \u00e7ak\u0131l (yuvarlak), k\u0131rma mucur, c\u00fcruf, yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u015fist ve yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kil say\u0131labilir. \u0130nce agregalar genellikle kum, \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ta\u015f veya \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f mucurdan, kaba agregalar ise \u00e7ak\u0131l (yuvarlak), k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ta\u015f par\u00e7alar\u0131, mucur veya ba\u015fka kaba malzemeden olu\u015fur. \u0130nce agrega, ince beton plaklar\u0131n ve ba\u015fka narin yap\u0131 \u00f6\u011felerinin yap\u0131m\u0131nda veya d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir y\u00fczey elde etmek istendi\u011finde, kaba agrega ise daha kitlesel \u00f6\u011felerin yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. 3) Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta birbirinden ayr\u0131 \u00e7ok say\u0131da par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131n birbirleri ile kar\u0131\u015f\u0131p kayna\u015fmas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fan k\u00fctle.
\n AGRICOLA, Georgius, 1494-1555 seneleri aras\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ve mineraloji ilminin kurucusu ( y\u0131l 1546) say\u0131lan Alman bilim adam\u0131. G\u00f6zleme dayanan do\u011fa bilimlerinin de kurucular\u0131ndand\u0131r. De Re Metallica ( Metaller \u00fczerine) adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n temel konusu madencilik ve ergitme teknikleridir. Mineraloji alan\u0131nda ilk ders kitab\u0131 say\u0131lan De Natura Fossilium da miner\u00e2llerin fiziksel \u00f6zelliklerine dayal\u0131 ilk bilimsel s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmay\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f; Agricola bu eserinde bir \u00e7ok yeni miner\u00e2li, olu\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ve birbirleriyle ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu eser, Agricola\u2019ya mineralojinin babas\u0131 unvan\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n Saksonya\u2019n\u0131n madencilik b\u00f6lgesindeki yasalar\u0131 ve toplumsal gelenekleri inceleyen Agricola, \u0130talyada yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu t\u0131p tahsili ile ilgili olarak madencilerin meslek hastal\u0131klar\u0131na ili\u015fkin ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgiler vermi\u015ftir.
\n De ortu et causis subterraneorum ( Yeralt\u0131 olu\u015fumlar\u0131n\u0131n yeri ve nedenleri) adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131nds\u00e5maden damarlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fumunu incelemi\u015f ve olu\u015fumlar\u0131 sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin \u00e7\u00f6kelmesine, ba\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Agricola\u2019n\u0131n Erasmus, Melanchthon ve G\u00f6the gibi me\u015fhur \u00e7a\u011fda\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda sayg\u0131n bir yeri olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
A\u011eA\u00c7, Madenlerde tahkimat, kaplama ve bir\u00e7ok yard\u0131mc\u0131 i\u015flerde kullan\u0131lan tabii malzeme. Akasya, beyaz salk\u0131m (yalanc\u0131 akasya), me\u015fe, kay\u0131n, karacam, \u00e7am, k\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7am, k\u00f6knar, akk\u00f6knar ve k\u0131z\u0131la\u011fa\u00e7 cinsleri dayanma s\u00fcreleri, madencilik imalat\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nem derecesi, maruz kalaca\u011f\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7 miktar\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcme, vb. durumlar kaale al\u0131narak bir a\u011fa\u00e7 di\u011ferine tercih edilir. En iyi direk akasya a\u011fac\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131r, fakat pahal\u0131d\u0131r. Akasya; \u00e7ekme, bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve b\u00fck\u00fclmeye kar\u015f\u0131 mukavimdir. Akasyay\u0131 me\u015fe takip eder. Madencilikte kay\u0131n, kara\u00e7am, \u00e7am, k\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7am, k\u00f6knar, akk\u00f6knar ve k\u0131z\u0131la\u011fa\u00e7 s\u0131ras\u0131yla tercih edilirler. Kay\u0131n yava\u015f geli\u015fen, k\u0131z\u0131la\u011fa\u00e7 h\u0131zl\u0131 geli\u015fen a\u011fa\u00e7 t\u00fcrleridir. Gevrek ve k\u0131r\u0131lgan olan k\u0131z\u0131la\u011fa\u00e7 \u00e7abuk da \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in madencilikte az kullan\u0131l\u0131r. A\u011fa\u00e7 taze veya kuru olu\u015funa g\u00f6re 490 ila 1000 kg\/m3 yo\u011funlu\u011funda; 140 ila 540 kg\/cm2 bas\u0131n\u00e7 mukavemetinde; 190 ila 980 kg\/cm2 b\u00fck\u00fclme mukavemetindedir. 2) \u2014> Ah\u015fap.
\n A\u011eA\u00c7 D\u0130REK, Maden ocaklar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan, hen\u00fcz maden oca\u011f\u0131ndaki kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanmam\u0131\u015f ah\u015fap tahkimat m\u00e2lzemesi.\u2014> A\u011fa\u00e7, Ah\u015fap.<\/p>\n
A\u011eA\u00c7 KASA, \u0130lerletimli uzun ayakta, taban yollar\u0131na paralel olarak tavan\u0131 tutmak ve taban yolu tahkimat\u0131na destek olmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla eski a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n (kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f maden direklerinin) \u2014> domuzdam\u0131 \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenerek i\u00e7inin ta\u015fla doldurulmu\u015f hali. A\u011fa\u00e7 kasalar, (kurulu \u015fekilde) ayak arkas\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r. Gerekli dayan\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla d\u00f6rt taraf\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7 direklerle takviye edilir. \u2014> \u015eekil.<\/p>\n
A\u011eA\u00c7 TAHK\u0130MAT, 1) Ah\u015fap birimlerle kurulan tahkimat d\u00fczenini t\u00fcm\u00fc. 2) A\u011fa\u00e7 ba\u011f.
\n A\u011eA\u00c7 TAHK\u0130MATLI AYAK \u0130\u015eLETME METODU, Arazinin bozuk, cevherin sa\u011flam olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 taban ve tavan\u0131n tutulmas\u0131 icap eden \u2014> A\u00e7\u0131k-, Rambleli- ve Anbarl\u0131 ayak i\u015fletme metodlar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131na imkan olmayan maden yataklar\u0131nda, direk fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksekli\u011fi nedeniyle \u00e7ok zengin damarlarda ve di\u011fer i\u015fletme metotlar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olarak topuklar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131nmas\u0131nda yani topuklarda b\u0131rak\u0131lan madenin \u00fcretime al\u0131nmas\u0131nda uygulanan tahkimatl\u0131 yeralt\u0131 (\u00fcretim) i\u015fletme metodu. A\u011fa\u00e7 tahkimatl\u0131 ayak i\u015fletme metodu basit-, k\u00fcp-, \u00e7apraz \u00e7evr\u00e7eve- ve e\u011fik kilit tahkimatl\u0131 i\u015fletme metodu diye s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131labilir.
\n A\u011eA\u00c7 TAHN\u0130D\u0130, Maden ocaklar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan ah\u015fah malzemenin, \u00e7abuk \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmesini \u00f6nlemek ve b\u00f6ylece \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc uzatmak i\u00e7in koruyucu tuz eriyi\u011fi, kreozot, vb. maddelerle \u00f6zel bir \u015fekilde emprenye edilmesi.
\n A\u011eA\u00c7 V\u0130DASI, A\u011fa\u00e7 malzemeyi ba\u011flamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan konik g\u00f6vdeli, hav\u015fe ba\u015fl\u0131, uzun hatveli (b\u00fcy\u00fck ad\u0131ml\u0131), sivri u\u00e7lu \u00f6zel vida.
\n A\u011eDALILIK, Akmazl\u0131k ya da viskozluk olarak da bilinir. S\u0131v\u0131 ya da gaz halindeki bir ak\u0131\u015fkan\u0131n bi\u00e7im de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine, ba\u015fka bir tan\u0131mla, bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn hemen yan\u0131ndaki bir b\u00f6l\u00fcme g\u00f6re yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmesine kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi diren\u00e7.
\n A\u011fdal\u0131l\u0131k, ak\u0131\u015fa ya da bi\u00e7im de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 koymama \u00f6zelli\u011fi demek olan ak\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tersidir. \u2014> Viskozite.
\n A\u011eIR ANFO, D\u00f6kme ANFO ve bir patlay\u0131c\u0131 em\u00fclsiyonunun uygun bir oranda kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan elde edilen patlay\u0131c\u0131. A\u011f\u0131r ANFO\u2019nun normal ANFO\u2019ya \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckleri; suya kar\u015f\u0131 daha y\u00fcksek diren\u00e7, yo\u011funluk ve enerjide art\u0131\u015f, daha y\u00fcksek rand\u0131man ve toplam patlatma maliyetindeki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. A\u011f\u0131r anfo ayr\u0131ca d\u00f6kme veya pn\u00f6matik doldurmaya m\u00fcsaade eder. Bu patlay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n enerjileri em\u00fclsiyonlardaki gibi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ara enerji de\u011feri ANFO ve em\u00fclsiyonlar\u0131nkiler aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. 1,15 gr\/cm3 yo\u011funlu\u011fundaki tipik bir %30 em\u00fclsiyon ve %70 ANFO kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n NHG \u2014> (Patlay\u0131c\u0131 nisbi hacim g\u00fcc\u00fc) si 125\u2019e e\u015fittir.
\n A\u011eIR \u00c7AMUR, Sondajlarda kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f bentonitli \u00e7amura ince \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f barit ilave edilmek suretiyle elde edilen devridaim \u00e7amuru. Bu \u00e7amur bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 formasyonlarda kuyudan vuku bulacak erupsiyonlar\u0131 (f\u0131\u015fk\u0131rma) ve g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fckleri \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n A\u011eIRLIKLI ORTALAMA, \u0130\u015fletmecilikle ilgili planlamada, fizibilite ( i\u015fletilebilirlik) hesaplamala-r\u0131nda dikkate almak \u00fczere; yap\u0131lan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm, ten\u00f6r veya \u0131s\u0131l de\u011fer gibi bulgular\u0131 etkileyen yan fakt\u00f6rleri de dikkate alarak, bu bulgular\u0131n farkl\u0131 katsay\u0131larla \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 sonunda elde edilen de\u011ferlerin ortalamas\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin damar kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 1 m olan bir kesimdeki ten\u00f6r ile damar kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 20 cm fakat farkl\u0131 ten\u00f6rdeki bir kesimin m\u00fc\u015ftereken de\u011ferlendirilmesinde a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 ortalamay\u0131 dikkate almak gerekir. Bir bak\u0131r yata\u011f\u0131ndan 6 numune al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fsa, farkl\u0131 damar kal\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi hesap yap\u0131l\u0131r:
\n Numune Damar Analiz sonu\u00e7lar\u0131
\n no kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 cm % Cu % Cu. cm
\n 1 110 5,5 605
\n 2 85 3,2 272
\n 3 60 2,8 168
\n 4 90 4,8 432
\n 5 95 5,1 484
\n 6 160 3,6 576
\n 600 25,0 2537
\n Burada aritmetik ortalama 25:6=%4,16 iken; 1 m\u2019lik bir damar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 ortalamas\u0131 2537:600=%4,23 Cu olarak bulunur. Ancak i\u015fletmecilikte uygulama kabiliyetini de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek gerekir. \u00d6rne\u011fin 3 \u00fcnc\u00fc numunenin al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde 60 cm lik bir ayna te\u015fkil edilmesi zorunlu\u011fu ten\u00f6r de\u011ferini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrecektir ve bunun da % 1,9 Cu olaca\u011f\u0131 kabul edilirse, fiili durumda ten\u00f6r\u00fcn takriben %4 olabilece\u011fi hesaplanabilir.
\n A\u011eIRLIK SAAT\u0130, Sondaj kulelerinde bulunan ve kuyu dibinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan matkab\u0131n \u00fczerine verilen bask\u0131y\u0131 do\u011frudan g\u00f6steren \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc aleti.
\n A\u011eIRLIK T\u0130J\u0130, Normal tijlerden daha kal\u0131n ve etli olan; tak\u0131m dizisinde matkab\u0131n veya karotiyerin \u00fczerinde bulunup matkab\u0131n \u00fczerine bask\u0131 uygulayarak, formasyonun iyi kesilmesini sa\u011flayan ve ayr\u0131ca tak\u0131m dizisinde denge sa\u011flayarak tehlikeli b\u00fck\u00fclmeleri ve sapmalar\u0131 \u00f6nleyen tij.
\n A\u011eIR MAY\u0130, Sanayide ve laboratuvarda cevher veya k\u00f6m\u00fcrdeki yabanc\u0131 maddeleri, yo\u011funluk fark\u0131ndan istifade ederek ay\u0131rmada kullan\u0131lan, yo\u011funlu\u011fu sudan b\u00fcy\u00fck homojen bir s\u0131v\u0131 veya \u00e7\u00f6zelti. Genel olarak sanayide a\u011f\u0131r mayi elde etmek i\u00e7in \u00e7ok ince toz haline getirilmi\u015f manyetit, barit, \u015fist, ferrosilisyum, \u00e7inko klor\u00fcr vb. maddeler kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n A\u011eIR MAY\u0130 \u0130LE AYIRMA, Cevher ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr haz\u0131rlamada \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n olarak uygu-lanan, minerallerin farkl\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131ndan yararlanan, basit ve y\u00fcksek rand\u0131manl\u0131 bir zenginle\u015ftirme y\u00f6ntemi. Bu y\u00f6nteme a\u011f\u0131r ortam ay\u0131rmas\u0131 da denir. A\u011f\u0131r ortam ay\u0131rmas\u0131nda i\u00e7inde belirli yo\u011funlukta ak\u0131\u015fkan bulunan bir banyoya konan mineral tanelerinden, ak\u0131\u015fkan yo\u011funlu\u011funa g\u00f6re, daha a\u011f\u0131r olanlar batar ve daha hafif olanlar y\u00fczer, b\u00f6ylece batan ve y\u00fczen olmak \u00fczere iki \u00fcr\u00fcn al\u0131narak ayr\u0131\u015fma sa\u011flan\u0131r. K\u00f6m\u00fcr zenginle\u015f-tirmede genellikle temiz k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ay\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yo\u011funlu\u011fu 1,3-1,4, \u015fistle miksti ay\u0131rmak i\u00e7in de yo\u011funlu\u011fu 1,8-1,9 olan a\u011f\u0131r mayi kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Hidrolik ay\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131lan lavvarlarda k\u00f6m\u00fcr kurtarma rand\u0131man\u0131 %97,5, a\u011f\u0131r mayi ile ay\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131larak ay\u0131rma yapan lavvarlarda ise k\u00f6m\u00fcr kurtarma rand\u0131man\u0131 %99,5 ve daha y\u00fcksek oranlarda olur. A\u011f\u0131r mayi ile ay\u0131rmada ay\u0131rma yo\u011funlu\u011funun 1,9\u2019un \u00fcst\u00fcnde olmas\u0131 durumunda viskozitenin artmas\u0131 nedeni ile ay\u0131rman\u0131n kontrol\u00fc ve a\u011f\u0131r ortam\u0131 elde etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan maddenin geri kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 zorla\u015f\u0131r. A\u011f\u0131r ortam ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 genel olarak statik ve santrif\u00fcjl\u00fc (dinamik) a\u011f\u0131r ortam ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere iki gruba ayr\u0131labilir. \u2014>A\u011f\u0131r mayi, A\u011f\u0131r ortam ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131, Santrif\u00fcjl\u00fc ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar, K\u00f6m\u00fcr y\u0131kama y\u00f6ntemleri.
\n A\u011eIR ORTAM AYIRMASI, \u2014> A\u011f\u0131r mayi ile ay\u0131rma.
\n A\u011eIR ORTAM S\u0130KLONU, DSM (Dense media) Siklonlar\u0131.\u2014> Hata fakt\u00f6r\u00fc (Ep de\u011feri.)
\n A\u011eIR SODA K\u00dcL\u00dc, D\u00f6kme yo\u011funlu\u011fu 0,96-1,06 gr\/cm3 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen\u2014>Soda k\u00fcl\u00fc. A\u011f\u0131r soda k\u00fcl\u00fc \u00fcretimi, hafif soda k\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn hidratas-yonu ile sa\u011flan\u0131r. A\u011f\u0131r soda k\u00fcl\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck toz i\u00e7eren serbest ak\u0131\u015fl\u0131 bir maddedir ve daha pahal\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, genel olarak toz oran\u0131n\u0131n dezavantaj olarak kabul edildi\u011fi cam ve demir-\u00e7elik end\u00fcstrisinde kuru olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n A\u011eIR VE ORTA PROF\u0130LLER,\u2014> Uzun hadde \u00fcr\u00fcnleri.
\n A\u011eIZ, 1) Baca, kuyu vb. madencilik imalat\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131. 2) Giri\u015f.
\n AHIRCI, \u2014> Seyis.
\n AH\u015eAP, 1) \u2014> Kereste. 2) A\u011fa\u00e7 malzeme.
\n AIRDOX, \u2014> Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava ile patlama.
\n A\u0130S\u0130-DOE Y\u00d6NTEM\u0130, Ham demir ve \u00e7elik aras\u0131nda bir yerde s\u0131v\u0131 metal \u00fcretmeyi ama\u00e7layan yeni bir teknoloji. Bu y\u00f6ntemin amac\u0131, y\u00fcksek f\u0131r\u0131n, oksijen konverterine ilaveten sinter ve kok fabrikalar\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rarak s\u0131cak metal \u00fcretimi yapmaktad\u0131r. A\u0130S\u0130-DOE y\u00f6nteminde peletlenmi\u015f cevher kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n AJUR, Maden i\u015fletmelerinde haz\u0131rl\u0131k ve istihsal i\u015flerinde yap\u0131lan her \u00e7e\u015fit imalata ait a\u015famalar\u0131n usullere uygun olarak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesi sonunda ocak haritalar\u0131na i\u015flenmesi. \u2014> Ocak planlar\u0131.
\n AJ\u00dcST\u00d6R, Ocaklarda su, havaland\u0131rma, bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava borular\u0131n\u0131n tak\u0131l\u0131p s\u00f6k\u00fclmesini, tulumba, vin\u00e7, pervane, oluk gibi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yeralt\u0131 makinelerinin g\u00fcnl\u00fck onar\u0131m ve bak\u0131m i\u015flerini yapan i\u015f\u00e7i. \u2014> Makinist.
\n AKA\u00c7LAMA, 1) Ocakta biriken sular\u0131n bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131. 2) A\u00e7\u0131k i\u015fletmelerde \u015fev g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in suyun araziden bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131. 3) \u2014> Drenaj.
\n AKI\u015eKAN YATAKLI YAKICILAR, \u2014> Ak\u0131\u015fkan yatakl\u0131 yakma sistemi, K\u00f6m\u00fcr yakma sistemleri, Yanma
\n AKIMLA KLAS\u0130F\u0130KASYON, Ak\u0131\u015fkan ortam i\u00e7erisinde tane irili\u011fine g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma i\u015flemi. Bu ortam gaz veya s\u0131v\u0131 olabilir.
\n AKIM \u015eEMASI, Madencilikte uygulanan zenginle\u015ftirme i\u015flemlerinde, tuv\u00f6nan girdiye uygulanan prosesin \u00e7e\u015fitli a\u015famalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan cihazlar\u0131 sembollerle g\u00f6steren diyagram.
\n AKI\u015eKAN DOKU, \u2014> Fluidal tekst\u00fcr.
\n AKI\u015eKAN YATAKLI YAKMA S\u0130STEM\u0130, Toz halindeki kat\u0131 yak\u0131tlar\u0131n kolay bir \u015fekilde yak\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f kat\u0131 yak\u0131t yakma kazan\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeni. Kazana hava ak\u0131m\u0131 yard\u0131m\u0131 ile toz k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcflenip alttan \u00fcflenen hava ile de yatak hareketli tutulmak suretiyle k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn di\u011fer sistemlere nazaran daha iyi yanmas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r. K\u00fcller de di\u011fer taraftan hava akm\u0131 ile d\u0131\u015far\u0131 at\u0131l\u0131r. K\u00fck\u00fcrd\u00fc y\u00fcksek toz k\u00f6m\u00fcrler yak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, \u00e7evre sorunlar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, yanma sonucu \u00e7\u0131kan SO2 \u2018yi zarars\u0131z h\u00e2le getirmek i\u00e7in kazana <\/p>\n
AK\u0130FER, Yeralt\u0131 suyunu ta\u015f\u0131yan ge\u00e7irimli (suta\u015f\u0131r) katman.
\n AK\u0130K, \u00dcst\u00fc \u015feritli veya \u00e7e\u015fitli renkli bir \u2014> Kalsedon. Kayac\u0131n meydana geli\u015fine g\u00f6re \u015feritler birbirine paralel veya dalgal\u0131 olur. Akik sun\u2019i olarak renklendirilebilir. Fosille\u015fmi\u015f odun, akik haline gelmi\u015f odundur.
\n AK\u0130K JASPLARI,\u2014> Jasp.
\n AK\u0130S \u00c7\u0130V\u0130S\u0130, Mermer ocaklar\u0131nda, mermer bloklar\u0131n sedimantasyon istikametinde y\u0131rt\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131 temin i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan, genellikle otomobil akslar\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan, 5-8 cm. \u00e7ap\u0131nda, yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 cm. uzunlu\u011funda, ucu yass\u0131 ve keskin \u00e7elik \u00e7ivi.
\n AKMA SINIRI, \u2014> \u00c7ekme deneyi.
\n AKMA \u015eEKL\u0130NDE HEYELAN, \u0130\u00e7inde plastik fakat daha ince ve ak\u0131c\u0131 bir formasyon bulunan kitlede genellikle s\u0131zan sular\u0131n etkisi ile ani olarak olu\u015fan \u2014> Heyelan t\u00fcr\u00fc.
\n AKORT \u0130\u015e\u00c7\u0130L\u0130K, 1) Bir i\u015f\u00e7iye, birim \u00fcretim i\u00e7in, belirli bir \u00fccretin \u00f6denmesine dayanan \u00fccret sistemi. 2) Par\u00e7a ba\u015f\u0131na i\u015f\u00e7ilik.
\n AKROSAJ, 1) Dik ve meyilli kuyular\u0131n dip ve ba\u015flar\u0131 ile ara katlardaki manevra yerleri ve bunlarla ilgili di\u011fer yerlerin tamam\u0131. 2) Kuyunun etraf\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen \u2014> R\u00f6setla\u011f\u0131m\u0131. 3) Kontur. \u2014> \u015eekil s. 8.
\n AKS\u0130YAL VANT\u0130LAT\u00d6R, \u2014> Vantilat\u00f6r.<\/p>\n
AKTARICI KAZICI, \u2014> Dreglayn gibi kullan\u0131lan uzun bumlu klasik \u2014> Ekskavat\u00f6r, Bager, Kep\u00e7eli bager. Bunlara aktar\u0131c\u0131 \u015fovel veya striping (\u015ferit halinde dekapaj yapma) \u015fovel de denir. \u2014> \u015eekil 3 damarl\u0131 \u00f6rt\u00fc kaz\u0131 geometri-sinde aktar\u0131c\u0131 kaz\u0131c\u0131 anma kapasitesi, s. 7.<\/p>\n
AKTARICI \u015eOVEL, \u2014> Aktar\u0131c\u0131 kaz\u0131c\u0131.
\n AKTARILAN ORTAM, \u00d6\u011f\u00fctme i\u015flemi yapan de\u011firmenleri tan\u0131mlamada kullan\u0131lan bir kavram olup; de\u011firmen i\u00e7erisindeki bilya, \u00e7ubuk veya iri par\u00e7al\u0131 cevheri aktararak darbe ve s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme kuvvetleri etkisiyle cevher par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n ufalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan ortam. Aktar\u0131lan ortam, \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclen cevher ve su olarak t\u00fcm y\u00fck, d\u00f6me hareketiyle \u015fekillenen \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f ucundan bo\u015falan hacimce s\u00fcrekli besleme yap\u0131lan yapay bir s\u0131v\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilir. Aktar\u0131lan ortamla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan de\u011firmenler, ortam \u00e7elik bilya oldu\u011funda \u2014> Bilyal\u0131, \u00c7elik \u00e7ubuk oldu\u011funda \u2014> \u00c7ubuklu, \u00c7ak\u0131l oldu\u011funda \u00e7ak\u0131ll\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclen cevherin iri par\u00e7alar\u0131 oldu\u011funda \u2014> Otojen de\u011firmen olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
AKTARMA NOKTASI, 1) Bir nakliye band\u0131ndan di\u011ferine maden ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan yer. 2) Transfer istasyonu.
\n AKT\u0130F ENERJ\u0130, \u0130stenilen t\u00fcr enerji elde edebilmek i\u00e7in t\u00fcketilen elektrik enerjisi. Elektrik enerjisinin, elektrik motorlar\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla mekanik enerjiye, lambalarla \u0131\u015f\u0131k haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen k\u0131sm\u0131. \u2014> \u015eebekeden \u00e7ekilen enerji. Reaktif enerji.
\n AKT\u0130F PERL\u0130T, \u2014> Perlit.
\n AKT\u0130FLEY\u0130C\u0130 REAKT\u0130F, \u2014> Reaktif.
\n AKT\u0130NOMETRE, \u2014> Radyometre.
\n AKVAMAR\u0130N, \u2014> Beril.
\n AK\u00dcL\u00dc LOKOMOT\u0130F, Hareket edebilmek i\u00e7in ihtiyac\u0131 olan elektrik enerjisini, ocak \u015febekesi yerine, b\u00fcnyesinde ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 ak\u00fcm\u00fcla-t\u00f6rden alan \u2014> Ocak lokomotifi. Bunlar grizu emniyetini haizdir ve kapal\u0131 i\u015fletmenin her yerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir. Ocak havas\u0131n\u0131 kirletmemesi, duru\u015flarda enerji harcamamas\u0131 ve mekanik par\u00e7alar\u0131n azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi hususlarda, dizel lokomotiflerine nazaran \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc vard\u0131r.
\n ALACA SOMAK\u0130, \u2014> Balgam ta\u015f\u0131.
\n ALANGUR, Vin\u00e7 ve varagellerde meylin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131m. Bu k\u0131s\u0131mdaki b\u00fck\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f demirlere de alangur demiri denir.
\n ALA\u015eIM, Metalurjide birka\u00e7 metalin beraber eritilip birbirleriyle i\u00e7ten kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve kat\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fan ve erimeye kar\u0131\u015fan metallerin \u00f6zelliklerinden daha ba\u015fka \u00f6zellikler g\u00f6steren metalik madde. Ala\u015f\u0131mlarda m\u00fc\u015fterek ergime noktas\u0131 ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 meydana getiren metallerin ergime noktalar\u0131n\u0131n her birinden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr; genellikle sertlik ve kopma mukavemetleri y\u00fcksektir. Birbiri ile kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f kristal yap\u0131lar\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yle genellikle korozyona kar\u015f\u0131 mukavemetleri y\u00fcksektir.
\n ALA\u015eIM D\u00d6KME DEM\u0130R, \u2014> D\u00f6kme demir.
\n ALBATR, 1) \u2014> Oniks mermeri. 2) Su mermeri. \u2014> Kaymakta\u015f\u0131. \u2014> Kalsit
\n AL\u00c7AK FREKANS \u0130ND\u00dcKS\u0130YON FIRINI , \u2014> Diren\u00e7 f\u0131r\u0131nlar\u0131.
\n AL\u00c7AK GER\u0130L\u0130M DA\u011eITIM \u015eEBEKES\u0130, \u2014> Elektrik enerjisi da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015febekeleri.
\n AL\u00c7ITA\u015eI, Do\u011fada jips (CaSO4.2H2O) ve anhidrit (CaSO4) olmak \u00fczere iki t\u00fcr\u00fc bulunan ve ticarette al\u00e7\u0131 elde edilmesine yarayan end\u00fcstriyel hammadde. Anhidrit (kristal susuz) baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde s\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131l\u0131r; bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kullan\u0131m alan\u0131 pek yayg\u0131n olmamakla beraber, son y\u0131llarda kimya end\u00fcstrisinde \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Jips (kristal sulu), d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck derecede \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131nca kristal suyunun yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 kaybeder ve al\u00e7\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Beyaz toz halinde olan al\u00e7\u0131, yeniden su emdi\u011finde sert bir k\u00fctle haline gelir ve bu \u00f6zelli\u011finden dolay\u0131, baz\u0131 katk\u0131 maddeleriyle beraber geni\u015f bir kullan\u0131m alan\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur. \u00c7imento \u00fcretiminde % 3-5 oran\u0131nda al\u00e7\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131 ilave edilerek klinker elde edilir. Ticari de\u011feri olan jips % 85-95 safl\u0131kta olup, % 5-15 lik k\u0131sm\u0131 kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131, dolomit, kil mineralleri ve di\u011fer evaporik \u00e7\u00f6kellerden ibarettir. Jipsden al\u00e7\u0131 elde edilmesi dehidratasyon i\u015flemi ile ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki form\u00fcle g\u00f6re olu\u015fur:
\n 160-180\u00b0 Y\u00fcksek su buhar\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131 alt\u0131nda
\n CaSO4.2H2O \u2014> CaSO4 1\/2 H2O+3\/2 H2O
\n b\u00f6ylece elde edilen yar\u0131m hidratl\u0131 kalsiyum s\u00fclfat; iri kristallidir ve bunun \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclmesiyle a- Al\u00e7\u0131 elde edilir. Bunun \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131 66 kg\/cm2, bas\u0131n\u00e7 dayan\u0131m\u0131 560 kg\/cm2 olup priz s\u00fcresi 15-20 dk\u2019d\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 yar\u0131m hidrat s\u00fclfat; 150\u00b0C \u0131s\u0131 ve atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131 alt\u0131nda elde edilirse; b- Al\u00e7\u0131 olarak tefrik edilen t\u00fcr olu\u015fur. b- Al\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131 13 kg\/cm2, bas\u0131n\u00e7 dayan\u0131m\u0131, 56 kg\/cm2 ve priz s\u00fcresi 25-35 dk d\u0131r. Ham jips, beyaz boya ve dolgu maddesi olarak ka\u011f\u0131t ve pamuklu tekstil maddelerine kat\u0131l\u0131r. b- al\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 bilinen normal yani adi al\u00e7\u0131 olup, d\u00fcnya t\u00fcketiminin % 90’\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil eder. a al\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 daha kaliteli ve ince \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olup, kal\u0131p, seramik ve t\u0131pta kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve d\u00fcnya t\u00fcketiminin % 10\u2019unu olu\u015fturur. \u00c7imento sanayiinde pirizlenmeyi geciktirmek, k\u00f6m\u00fcr tozlar\u0131nda k\u00fcl oran\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmak, nikel izabesinde eritmeyi kolayla\u015ft\u0131rma ve bira sanayiinde mayaland\u0131rma i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Al\u00e7\u0131, s\u0131cak ve so\u011fuk yal\u0131t\u0131m malzemesi olarak da tercih edilir. Ayr\u0131ca yang\u0131n\u0131 geciktirme, nemi dengeleyici \u00f6zellikleri ile de kullan\u0131m yerleri bulmu\u015ftur. Ayr\u0131ca kimya sanayiinde de al\u00e7\u0131dan yararlan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n \u00c2LET, Kesme, bi\u00e7me, s\u00fcrtme, s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, \u00f6\u011f\u00fctme, \u00e7ekme ve ba\u015fka yollarla bir nesne \u00fczerinde maddesel de\u011fi\u015fiklik yaratmak, maddeye bi\u00e7im vermek veya nesneleri \u00f6l\u00e7mek amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lan ara\u00e7. Kullanan\u0131n kas g\u00fcc\u00fc ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan t\u00fcrlerine el aleti, hareket verici bir g\u00fc\u00e7 mekanizmas\u0131yla donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olanlar\u0131na ise i\u015fleme makinesi veya tak\u0131m tezg\u00e2h\u0131 ad\u0131 verilir.
\n Modern el aletleri; 1- \u00c7eki\u00e7, balta ve keser vb. aletler vurma aletleri, 2-B\u0131\u00e7ak, biz,testere, t\u00f6rp\u00fc, keski, matkap ve rende gibi aletler; kesici, delici ve kaz\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 aletler, 3- Tornavida gibi aletler, vidalama aletleri , 4- Metre, mira, teodolit, nivo, takeometre gibi \u00f6l\u00e7me aletleri, 5- Tezgaha monte edilen mengene gibi tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 aletler; yard\u0131mc\u0131 aletler; olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131labilmektedir.
\n ALEV KES\u0130C\u0130, Emilen metan\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131 at\u0131lmas\u0131 veya kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda olu\u015facak alevin gerideki tesislere ge\u00e7i\u015fini \u00f6nleyen d\u00fczen.
\n ALEV SIZDIRMAZ C\u0130HAZ, Patlay\u0131c\u0131 gaz ortam\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere ALSz standart isteklerine g\u00f6re dizayn edilip teste tabi tutulmu\u015f, sertifika ve imal lisans\u0131 verilmi\u015f cihaz. Patlay\u0131c\u0131 gaz ortam\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilen bu t\u00fcr cihaz veya tesisat (Ex) Explosion Proof, (ALSz) alev s\u0131zd\u0131rmaz cihaz veya tesisat diye isimlendirilir. Bir cihaz\u0131n alev s\u0131zd\u0131rmaz olabilmesi i\u00e7in \u2014> Alev s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k konusu ile ilgili \u00f6zel standart, y\u00f6netmelik ve \u015fartnamelerle belirlenen koruma tiplerinden biri veya daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6zelliklerini dizayn ve yap\u0131s\u0131nda sa\u011flamas\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n testler neticesinde de sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yetkili otoritelerce onaylanmas\u0131 laz\u0131md\u0131r. \u2014> Patlay\u0131c\u0131 gaz gruplar\u0131. Alev s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k test istasyonu.
\n ALEV SIZDIRMAZ C\u0130HAZ TANITMA KODU, ASLz (Alev s\u0131zd\u0131rmaz) test sertifikas\u0131 ve imal lisans\u0131 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir cihaz\u0131n etiketinde bulunan ve cihaz\u0131n alev s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k karakterini belirten kod. Bu kod a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde verilir.
\n Ex d.e I.II T5
\n Alev
\n s\u0131zd\u0131rmaz cihaz x \u2014 \u2014 \u2014
\n Alev s\u0131zd\u0131rmaz
\n koruma tipi \u2014 x \u2014 \u2014
\n Patlay\u0131c\u0131
\n gaz grubu \u2014 \u2014 x \u2014
\n Cihaz\u0131n
\n s\u0131cakl\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 \u2014 \u2014 \u2014 x<\/p>\n
ALEV SIZDIRMAZLIK (ALSz), Devaml\u0131 veya zaman zaman ark ve k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m \u00e7\u0131kararak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan cihazlar\u0131n, bilhassa elektrik motorlar\u0131n\u0131n patlay\u0131c\u0131 toz, buhar, gaz bulunan i\u015fyerlerinde yani patlay\u0131c\u0131 ortamlarda, kullan\u0131labilmelerini sa\u011flayan \u00f6zellikleri. Bu t\u00fcr cihazlar\u0131n patlay\u0131c\u0131 ortamlarda kullan\u0131lmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131l\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda ve kullan\u0131l\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda \u00f6zel tedbirler al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekmekt ve bu konu genel olarak \u201cAlev s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k\u201d kapsam\u0131 i\u00e7inde tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. \u2014> Patlay\u0131c\u0131 gaz ortam\u0131.
\n ALEV SIZDIRMAZLIK KORUMALARI, Alev s\u0131zd\u0131rmaz cihaz ve tesislerin, alev s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k \u00f6zelli\u011finde olmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan koruyucu aksesuar. Alev s\u0131zd\u0131rmaz cihaz ve tesislerin koruma tipleri ve sembolleri:
\n (d) Alev s\u0131zd\u0131rmaz muhafaza
\n (e) Art\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f emniyet
\n (i), a, b Kendinden emniyetli
\n (p) Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 koruma
\n (q) Tozla koruma
\n (c) Ya\u011fla koruma
\n (s) \u00d6zel koruma
\n S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 hava s\u0131zd\u0131rmaz
\n ALEV SIZDIRMAZLIK TEST \u0130STASYO-NU, Alev s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k test sertifikas\u0131 ve im\u00e2l lisans\u0131 vermeye yetkili otorite olan Maden Dairesi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131na alev s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k konular\u0131n\u0131 inceleyen, testlerini yapan, bu testlerden elde edilen neticeleri de\u011ferlendirip ilgililere aktaran, sertifika ve im\u00e2l lisans \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 takip ve kontrol eden kurulu\u015f. \u2014> Patlay\u0131c\u0131 ortam standartlar\u0131.
\n ALFA AL\u00c7I, \u2014> Al\u00e7\u0131ta\u015f\u0131.
\n ALFA SEP\u0130YOL\u0130T, \u2014> L\u00fcleta\u015f\u0131.
\n ALFRED (BERNHARD) NOBEL, (d. 21 Ekim 1833, Stokholm, \u0130sve\u00e7-\u00d6.10 Aral\u0131k 1896, San Remo, \u0130talya); Dinamiti ve daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc patlay\u0131c\u0131 maddeleri geli\u015ftiren \u0130sve\u00e7li kimyac\u0131, m\u00fchendis ve sanayici. Ayr\u0131ca Nobel \u00f6d\u00fcllerini da\u011f\u0131tan vakf\u0131n kurucusu.
\n ALIN, 1) Ayak, taban veya galeri ( la\u011f\u0131m, k\u0131lavuz, ba\u015fa\u015fa\u011f\u0131, ba\u015fyukar\u0131 vb.) ilerlemelerinde ve a\u00e7\u0131k i\u015fletmelerde cevher, k\u00f6m\u00fcr veya ta\u015fta \u00fcretim ve ilerleme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6neldi\u011fi dikey y\u00fczey par\u00e7as\u0131. 2) Mermer i\u015fletmelerinde ta\u015f\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 yapan en ileri y\u00fcz\u00fc. 3) Ayna. 4) Ar\u0131n.
\n ALINDA TAVAN BASINCI, \u0130stihsal yerindeki al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015f k\u00f6m\u00fcr damar\u0131 \u00fczerinde tavan katmanlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bas\u0131n\u00e7 birikimi.
\n ALINDI BELGES\u0130, Maden hakk\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fcracaatlarda ilgili dairece verilen ve \u00fczerinde g\u00fcn, saat ve dakika yaz\u0131l\u0131 ve \u00f6ncelik hakk\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen belge.
\n ALIN KONVEY\u00d6R\u00dc, Kaz\u0131lan madenin ayak boyunca ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan konvey\u00f6r.
\n ALIN MEKAN\u0130ZASYONU, Al\u0131nda madenin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131nda gev\u015fetme ve y\u00fckleme i\u015fleminin makine ile yap\u0131lmas\u0131. Al\u0131nda madeni gev\u015fetme ve y\u00fckleme i\u015fleminin; hemen hemen tamam\u0131 makine ile yap\u0131lan ayaklar \u201cTam Mekanize Ayak\u201d, k\u0131smen yap\u0131lan ayaklar da \u201cYar\u0131 Mekanize Ayak\u201d diye isimlendirilir. Bu ayaklarda tahkimat\u0131n yerle\u015ftirilmesi el veya makine ile yap\u0131labilir. Mekanize k\u00f6m\u00fcr kaz\u0131s\u0131nda tavan\u0131n, taban ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flam veya \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne, k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn sertli\u011fi veya yumu\u015fakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re genel olarak, rendeliyici (hobel, kesici veya kesip y\u00fckleyici potkaba\u00e7 makinesi veya tanburlu kesici) ve darbeyle kopar\u0131c\u0131 (ramgeret) makineler, tahkimat \u00fcnitesi olarak da al\u0131na dik testere veya s\u0131ra halinde sarma ile hidrolik veya s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmeli m\u00fcnferit madeni direkler veya tak\u0131m halinde hidrolik y\u00fcr\u00fcyen tahkimat kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n AL\u0130DAT, 1) Bir ucu \u00fczerinde d\u00f6nebilen ve \u00f6teki ucu b\u00f6l\u00fcmler veya bir topografya plan\u00e7etesi \u00fczerinde yer de\u011fi\u015ftiren tahta veya madeni cetvel. 2) Bir teolitin hareket eden k\u0131sm\u0131.
\n AL\u0130YMAN Y\u00d6NTEM\u0130, Heyelanl\u0131 sahada al\u0131nan izleme noktalar\u0131n\u0131n , ilk konumlar\u0131na g\u00f6re ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin, hareketsiz zemin \u00fczerinde al\u0131nan iki nokta aras\u0131ndaki bir referans do\u011frultuya g\u00f6re belirlenmesi \u015fekli. Bunun i\u00e7in aliyman ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131ndan birisine kurulan elektronik takeometre ile izleme noktas\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frultudan sapma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ve noktaya olan mesafe \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcler belli zaman aral\u0131klar\u0131 ile tekrarlanarak izlenen noktan\u0131n hareket y\u00f6n\u00fc ve miktar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilir.
\n ALLOMETAMORFOZ, \u2014> Metamorfoz.
\n ALLOTROP\u0130, Kimyasal elementlerin farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilme \u00f6zelli\u011fi. \u00d6rne\u011fin, fosfor, allotropik de\u011fi\u015fim \u00f6zelli\u011finden dolay\u0131 sar\u0131 ve k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilmekte; karbon; elmas, grafit ve amorf ( is) \u015fekillerinde olabilmekte; gazlar aras\u0131nda oksijen, ozon h\u00e2line d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilmektedir. Berzelius taraf\u0131ndan isimlendirilen allotropi, bir str\u00fckt\u00fcr ( i\u00e7 yap\u0131) olay\u0131d\u0131r. Allotropik maddelerin bir yap\u0131dan di\u011fer yap\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi herzaman m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr; di\u011fer taraftan kimyasal \u00f6zellikleri temelde farkl\u0131 de\u011fildir.
\n ALLOTROP\u0130K METAL, \u00c7e\u015fitli kristal str\u00fckt\u00fcr\u00fcne (yap\u0131s\u0131na) sahip olan metal. Misal olarak demir, a, \u00df, d ve \u011e olmak \u00fczere d\u00f6rt ayr\u0131 str\u00fckt\u00fcrde olabilen allotropik bir metaldir. Miknatisi ve yumu\u015fak olan a demir \u201cferrit\u201d 768 \u00bdC da \u00df demire, \u00df demir 910\u00bdC\u2019da \u201caustenit\u201d d demire, d demir 1390\u00bdC \u011e demire d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. a demir d demir haline ge\u00e7erken kristal str\u00fckt\u00fcr\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fti\u011finden hacmi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n ALMAN G\u00dcM\u00dc\u015e\u00dc, Nikel, bak\u0131r ve \u00e7inkodan olu\u015fan beyaz renkli; g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fe benzer ala\u015f\u0131m. \u2014> Bak\u0131r ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131.
\n ALOKTON K\u00d6M\u00dcR YATAKLARI, Nebat enkazlar\u0131n\u0131n yeti\u015ftikleri yerlerden ba\u015fka yerlere ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra k\u00f6m\u00fcrle\u015fmeleri sonucu meydana gelen k\u00fcl\u00fc fazla k\u00f6m\u00fcr yataklar\u0131. \u2014> Otokton maden yataklar\u0131.
\n ALOX\u0130TE, \u2014> Korund.
\n ALSz (ALEV SIZDIRMAZLIK ONAY \u0130\u015eARET\u0130), Yetkili otorite taraf\u0131ndan dizayn ve prototipi incelenmi\u015f ve test edilerek sertifikaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f alev s\u0131zd\u0131rmaz cihazlar\u0131n etiketine konan alev s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k test istasyonunun amblemine alev s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k onay i\u015fareti denir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bu i\u015faret \u00e7ift parantez i\u00e7inde ((ALSz)) dir.
\n ALSz TEST SERT\u0130F\u0130KASI VE \u0130MAL L\u0130SANSI, Bir cihaz\u0131n dizayn\u0131n\u0131n ve prototipinin alev s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k test istasyonunda incelenip test edilmesi sonucu bu cihaz i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f ve yetkili otoritelerce onaylanm\u0131\u015f test sertifikas\u0131 ve imal lisans\u0131. \u0130malat\u00e7\u0131 firma, belirli bir cihaz i\u00e7in test sertifikas\u0131 ve imal lisans\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131ktan sonra standartlara uygun olarak bu cihaz\u0131 imal edebilir.
\n ALT, Mermer madencili\u011finde ta\u015f\u0131n imalatta oturdu\u011fu taraf.
\n ALTBANT KONVEY\u00d6R\u00dc, Alt k\u0131sm\u0131 ile ta\u015f\u0131ma yapan konvey\u00f6r.
\n ALTERASYON, 1) Yerkabu\u011funu te\u015fkil eden (kaya\u00e7lar\u0131) formasyonlar\u0131 olu\u015fturan minerallerin fiziksel ve kimyasal etkilerle kompozisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesi. 2) Bozulma. 3) \u00c7\u00fcr\u00fcme.
\n ALTERNAT\u00d6R, \u2014> Generat\u00f6r.
\n ALT HALAT, \u2014> Kuyruk halat\u0131.
\n ALTIN AYARI, Saf alt\u0131n\u0131 tak\u0131larda kullanabilmek i\u00e7in kat\u0131lan g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve bak\u0131r\u0131n miktarlar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan alt\u0131n kalitesini belirleyen i\u015flem. Alt\u0131n i\u015flemecilerinin eline, alt\u0131n 995\/1000 veya 999,5\/1000 tan\u0131mlamalar\u0131yla yani 24 ayar olarak gelir. Alt\u0131n i\u015fleyenler bunu tak\u0131larda kullanabilmek i\u00e7in 22,18 ve 14 ayar haline getirir. \u0130stenilen ayara getirilmek i\u00e7in saf alt\u0131na ilave edilecek katk\u0131lar, beyaz alt\u0131nda 1\/3 oran\u0131nda g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ften ve sar\u0131 alt\u0131nda 2\/3 oran\u0131nda bak\u0131rdan olu\u015fur. 995\/1000 safl\u0131ktaki 24 ayar alt\u0131nda; 22 ayar alt\u0131n 995\/916= 1,086 2445 hesab\u0131 ile elde edilir ve burada 86,24 gr katk\u0131, 18 ayar alt\u0131n 995\/750= 1,32666… hesab\u0131 sonucu 326,66 gr katk\u0131 ve 14 ayar alt\u0131nda ise 995\/585=1,700 8547yan\u0131 700,85gr. katk\u0131 ilave edilir. Saf alt\u0131n\u0131 milyem olarak dikkate alan hesaplamada ise;
\n 24 ayar alt\u0131n, 1000\/24 = 41,66 milyem
\n 22 ayar alt\u0131n, 1000\/22 = 45,45 milyem
\n 18 ayar alt\u0131n, 1000\/18 = 55,55 milyem
\n 14 ayar alt\u0131n, 1000\/14 = 71,42 milyem olur.
\n ALT\u0130METRE, 1) Hava bas\u0131nc\u0131ndan yararlanarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, y\u00fckseklik \u00f6l\u00e7me cihaz\u0131. 2) Y\u00fckseklik \u00f6l\u00e7er. Belliba\u015fl\u0131 iki t\u00fcr altimetre vard\u0131r. Biri hava bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren bas\u0131n\u00e7 altimetresi, di\u011feri bir radyo sinyalinin havadaki bir cisimden yere gidi\u015f d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f s\u00fcresini \u00f6l\u00e7en radyo altimetredir.
\n ALTKESME, \u2014> Potkaba\u00e7 \u00e7ekmek.
\n ALT TABAN YOLU, Uzun ayak \u00fcretim sisteminde, ayaktan gelen k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131yan bant veya vagonlar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu galeri.
\n ALUNDUM, \u2014> Korund.
\n AL\u00dcM\u0130N, 1) Al\u00fcminyum oksidinden ibaret olan de\u011ferli bir ta\u015f. Al\u00fcmin i\u00e7inde bulunan renkli maddelere g\u00f6re \u2014> Yakut (k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131), zebercet (sar\u0131), safir (mavi) gibi ayr\u0131 adlar al\u0131r. 2) Suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmeyen 2050\u00bdC\u2019da eriyen, beyaz bir toz olan (Al2 O3).
\n AL\u00dcM\u0130NA, 1) \u00d6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f boksit cevherinin, sudkostik etkisi, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 buhar etkisi alt\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrle\u015ftirilip; bu ortamda erimeyen komponentlerin \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fcr\u00fclerek filtre edilip \u00e7amur h\u00e2linde at\u0131lmalar\u0131ndan sonra, s\u0131v\u0131 fazda te\u015fekk\u00fcl etmi\u015f olan sodyum al\u00fcminat \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin, a\u015f\u0131 maddesi olarak il\u00e2ve edilen al\u00fcminyum hidrat etkisi, kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma ve so\u011futma sonucu al\u00fcminyum hidrata d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesinden sonra al\u00fcminyum hidrat\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcp filtre edilmesi ve bunun da kalsine edilmesi sonucu meydana gelen ve al\u00fcminyum \u00fcretiminin ara maddesi olan suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmeyen 2050\u00b0C da eriyen beyaz bir toz olan al\u00fcminyum oksit. ( Al2 O3).
\n AL\u00dcM\u0130NOTERM\u0130, Al\u00fcminyumun, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klar elde etmek ve baz\u0131 metalleri haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmas\u0131.
\n AL\u00dcM\u0130NOZ, \u2014> Pnomokonyoz. Toz.
\n AL\u00dcM\u0130NYUM, (Al), G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f parlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda beyaz, \u00f6zg\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 2.56 (2.7) olan, 658\u00b0C\u2019de ergiyen, 2056\u00b0C\u2019\u2019de kaynamaya ba\u015flayan hafif metal. \u00c7ekme mukavemeti muhtelif durumlarda 7-18 kg\/mm2. Uzama, muhtelif durumlarda %2-6 veya %20-35. Al\u00fcminyum metali, d\u00f6vmeye, \u00e7ekmeye ; \u00f6zel bir kaynak tozu ile kaynak yap\u0131lmaya uygun olup ; ince tel \u015feklinde \u00e7ekilebilir, en ince tabaka \u015feklinde haddelenebilir ve darbeyle i\u015flenebilir. A\u00e7\u0131k havada ve inceltilmi\u015f organik asitler etkisine kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r. Al\u00fcminyum, yumu\u015fak olup, demirden \u00fc\u00e7 kat daha hafiftir ve al\u00fcminyumun \u00f6zg\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bak\u0131rdan \u00fc\u00e7 defa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmakla beraber iletkenli\u011fi bak\u0131r iletkenli\u011finin %62′ sine eri\u015fir. Al\u00fcminyum oksijene kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ilgisi olmakla beraber ince bir amorf al\u00fcmin tabakas\u0131 (Al\u00fcminyum oksit veya hidroksit) ile (0,1) korunursa havadan m\u00fcteessir olmaz, suyu da bozundurmaz. Al\u00fcminyumun yumu\u015fakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir\u00e7ok uygulama alan\u0131nda saf olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na imkan vermez; bu bak\u0131mdan, genellikle \u201chafif ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u201d ad\u0131 verilen \u00e7e\u015fitli al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r. \u00dcretim, g\u00fcmr\u00fck, uluslararas\u0131 ticaret ve al\u00fcminyumla ilgili \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin sistemlerinden kaynaklanan, al\u00fcminyum s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmalar\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u00dcretim a\u015famalar\u0131na g\u00f6re al\u00fcminyum s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi yapmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr :
\n a)D\u00f6k\u00fcm mamullleri (d\u00f6k\u00fcm ingotu, i\u015fleme ingotu, s\u00fcrekli d\u00f6k\u00fcm levha, gran\u00fcle al\u00fcminyum, toz al\u00fcminyum), b) Hadde mamullleri (en az 6 mm kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 haiz \u201cs\u0131cak levha\u201d , 0.2 mm-6mm aras\u0131nda olan \u201cso\u011fuk levha\u201d, 7-200 mikron aras\u0131nda kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan \u2014> \u201cFolyo\u201d),
\n c) Ekstr\u00fczyon mamulleri (i\u00e7i dolu profiller, i\u00e7i bo\u015f profiller, al\u00fcminyum tel)
\n d) Par\u00e7a d\u00f6k\u00fcm mamulleri (kum d\u00f6k\u00fcm mamulleri, kokil d\u00f6k\u00fcm mamullleri, bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm mamulleri).
\n AL\u00dcM\u0130NYUMLAMA, Demir gibi ucuz bir metali, ince bir al\u00fcminyum tabakas\u0131 ile kaplayarak gerek sulu ortamda, gerek y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda a\u015f\u0131nmaya kar\u015f\u0131 koruma usul\u00fc.
\n AL\u00dcM\u0130NYUM BRONZU, \u0130\u00e7erisinde % 89-95 aras\u0131nda bak\u0131r, % 5-11 aluminyum bulunan aluminyum ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131.
\n AL\u00dcM\u0130NYUMUN SINIFLANDIRILMASI, \u2014> Al\u00fcminyum \u00fcr\u00fcnleri.
\n AL\u00dcM\u0130NYUM TA\u015eI, Boksit.
\n AL\u00dcM\u0130NYUM TUNCU, % 4-15 aras\u0131nda bir oranda al\u00fcminyum ve daha az miktarlarda ba\u015fka metaller i\u00e7eren bak\u0131r ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve yenime (korozyona) kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7li bir ala\u015f\u0131m olan al\u00fcminyum tuncu pek \u00e7ok makine par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n ve aletin yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Alt\u0131ns\u0131 rengi ve kararmaya kar\u015f\u0131 direnci nedeniyle kuyumculukta ve mimarl\u0131kta da kullan\u0131m alan\u0131na sahiptir.
\n AL\u00dcM\u0130NYUM \u00dcR\u00dcNLER\u0130, Kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131na, \u00fcretim teknolojilerine, ticari ve end\u00fcstriyel sistemlere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak elde edilen ve bunlar dikkate al\u0131narak tasnife tab\u00ee tutulmu\u015f al\u00fcminyum mam\u00fblleri. \u00dcretim teknolojisine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak al\u00fcminyum; ( 1) D\u00f6k\u00fcm \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, (2) Hadde \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, (3) Ekstr\u00fczyon \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, (4) Par\u00e7a d\u00f6k\u00fcm \u00fcr\u00fcnleri olmak \u00fczere d\u00f6rt grupta toplanabilirler. D\u00f6k\u00fcm \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, kendi gurubunda
\n a) D\u00f6k\u00fcm ingotu: Ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 k\u00fcl\u00e7e, ala\u015f\u0131ms\u0131z k\u00fcl\u00e7e, elektrik iletgeni ( ECG).
\n b) \u0130\u015fleme ingotu: Yuvarlak ve k\u00f6\u015feli ingot ( Ekstruzyon \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin \u00fcretimlerinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.)
\n c) S\u00fcrekli d\u00f6k\u00fcm levha ve \u00e7ubuk.
\n d) Gran\u00fcle al\u00fcminyum.
\n e) Toz al\u00fcminyum, olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Hadde \u00fcr\u00fcnleri de, a) S\u0131cak hadde (6 mm ve daha \u00fcst kal\u0131nl\u0131kta levha rulo). b) So\u011fuk hadde ( 0,2 mm- 6 mm aras\u0131ndaki levha, rulo, \u015ferit, disk). c) Folyo ( 7-200 mikron inceli\u011finde levha) olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131rlar. Ekstr\u00fczyon \u00fcr\u00fcnleri; a) \u00c7e\u015fitli profiller ve b) Al\u00fcminyum tellerden olu\u015furlar. Par\u00e7a d\u00f6k\u00fcm \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ise; a) Kum d\u00f6k\u00fcm \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, b) Kokil d\u00f6k\u00fcm \u00fcr\u00fcnleri. c) Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm \u00fcr\u00fcnleri gibi \u00fc\u00e7e ayr\u0131labilirler.
\n \u00d6zellikle gelecekteki kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 ile yap\u0131lan ve \u00fclkemiz \u201c G\u00fcmr\u00fck tarife ve istatistik pozisyonu\u201d nda ( GT\u0130P) esas al\u0131nan al\u00fcminyum \u00fcr\u00fcnleri s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekildedir: K\u00fcl\u00e7e; al\u00fcminyum toz ve pullar; ekstruzyon \u00fcr\u00fcnleri; levha, iletkenler; folyo; d\u00f6k\u00fcm \u00fcr\u00fcnleri.
\n AL\u00dcVAL CEVHER YATAKLARI, Primer ve daha ya\u015fl\u0131 cevher yataklar\u0131n\u0131n mekanik etkiler alt\u0131nda par\u00e7alanarak, ba\u015fka bir yerde tekrar depo edilmeleri ve zenginle\u015fmeleri suretiyle te\u015fekk\u00fcl eden cevher yataklar\u0131. Bunlar sekonder maden yataklar\u0131 diye tan\u0131mlanan gruba girer. \u2014> Eluvial maden yataklar\u0131.
\n AL\u00dcV\u0130YON, Gen\u00e7 jeolojik zaman i\u00e7inde, sularla s\u00fcr\u00fcklenerek bir yerde birikme meydana getiren gev\u015fek sedimanlardan olu\u015fan en gen\u00e7 formasyonlar.
\n ALPAKS, Mekanik direnci pek y\u00fcksek olmayan (18 kg\/mm2), \u00e7ok kolay bir d\u00f6k\u00fcm sa\u011flayan %13 silisyumlu, al\u00fcminyum-silisyum ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131.
\n ALTIN RAF\u0130NASYONU, Izabe sonucunda elde edilen ve b\u00fcnyesinde % 90-95 Au bulunan \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn, % 99,5 Au safl\u0131\u011f\u0131na getirilmesi. \u0130zabe sonucu elde edilen alt\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcnyesinde, alt\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra bak\u0131r, kur\u015fun, demir, bizmut, arsenik, antimuan ve \u00e7inko bulunabilir. Bu emp\u00fcritelerin ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 ile, sat\u0131labilir kalitede ( % 99,5 Au) alt\u0131n elde edilir. % 90- 95 Au i\u00e7eren dore alt\u0131n\u0131n rafinasyonu \u201c Miller Y\u00f6ntemi\u201d ne g\u00f6re yap\u0131l\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re dore metal Al2 O3 esasl\u0131 bir potada ergitilir ve eriyen s\u0131v\u0131 metal i\u00e7ine Al2 O3 esasl\u0131 \u00fcfleme borusu ile Cl2 -gaz\u0131 g\u00f6nderilir. Em-p\u00fcriteler s\u0131v\u0131 klor\u00fcr bile\u015fiklerine ( Ag Cl, Cu Cl2, Pb Cl2, Zn Cl2 ) d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr veya bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc buharla\u015f\u0131r. Klorlama s\u00fcresinin sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru emp\u00fcriteler iyice azal\u0131nca alt\u0131n da Au Cl3 \u015fek-linde buharla\u015fmaya ba\u015flar. Bu noktada i\u015flem tamamlan\u0131r. Olu\u015fan bu s\u0131v\u0131, curuf al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra yakla\u015f\u0131k ( % 99,5 Au, % 0,4 Ag, % 0,1 di-\u011ferleri) kompozisyonundad\u0131r. \u0130stenirse bu metal anot bak\u0131r\u0131 \u015feklinde d\u00f6k\u00fclerek elektrolitik rafinasyona ( Wohlwill prosesi) g\u00f6nderilerek % 99,9 halinde alt\u0131n \u00fcretilir. Miller y\u00f6netmiyle elde edilen alt\u0131n k\u00fcl\u00e7eler 996-997 ve Wohlwill y\u00f6ntemi ile elde edilen alt\u0131n k\u00fcl\u00e7eler 999,5-999,8 safl\u0131ktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
ALTIN SUYU, 1) Alt\u0131n\u0131 ve platini \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u00fcren nitrik ve hidroklorik asitler kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131. 2) Kral suyu.
\n AMALGAMASYON, Alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ihtiva eden \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f cevherlerden civa yard\u0131m\u0131 ile alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn civa i\u00e7erisi ne al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u015flemidir. Bu i\u015flemden sonra bir yandan civa tekrar kazan\u0131l\u0131r; di\u011fer yandan k\u0131ymetli metaller elde edilir.
\n AMAZON TA\u015eI, 1) Rengi sar\u0131 ye\u015filden mavi ye\u015file kadar de\u011fi\u015fen bir K- feldispat t\u00fcr\u00fc (Mikroklin). 2) Amazonit.
\n AMBUAJ, 1) Yang\u0131n baraj\u0131 kapat\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra baraj\u0131n arkas\u0131na \u015flam veya su vermek suretiyle yang\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi. 2) \u2014> \u00c7amurlama.
\n AMELE B\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130, 10 Eyl\u00fcl 1337 tarih 151 say\u0131l\u0131 Ere\u011fli Havzai Fahmiyesi Maden Amelesinin Hukukuna M\u00fcteallik Kanunun 4. maddesi uyar\u0131nca Ere\u011fli K\u00f6m\u00fcr Havzas\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7ilere, ekonomik ve sosyal yard\u0131m sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla Amele Birli\u011fi ve \u0130htiyat Teav\u00fcn sand\u0131klar\u0131 (Amele Birli\u011fi Biriktirme ve Yard\u0131mla\u015fma Sand\u0131\u011f\u0131) ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda kurulan t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi haiz, Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 kurulu\u015fun ad\u0131.
\n AMENAJMAN, 1) Genel anlamda madencilikte, bir rezervin i\u015fletilmesi i\u00e7in gerekli olan ve maden kitlesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ana kuyular, galeriler vb. her t\u00fcrl\u00fc haz\u0131rl\u0131k i\u015fleri. 2) A\u00e7\u0131k i\u015fletmecilikte, maden kitlesine ula\u015f\u0131ncaya kadar yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekli i\u015flerin tamam\u0131. 3) \u2014> Developman.
\n AMET\u0130ST, 1) B\u00fcnyesindeki baz\u0131 iz elementler nedeniyle hafif mor renkte, kristal kuars. 2) Ziynet ta\u015f\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lan kuars. Baz\u0131 inan\u0131\u015flara g\u00f6re al\u00e7akg\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fck, ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc, mutluluk ifade eder.
\n AMORF, \u2014> Kristal.
\n AMONYAK (NH3), Azot ve hidrojenin en basit kararl\u0131 bile\u015fi\u011fi olan ve renksiz, keskin kokulu gaz. Sanayide kullan\u0131lan bir\u00e7ok \u00f6nemli azot bile\u015fi\u011finin \u00fcretiminde ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 maddesi olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n Sanayide amonyak elde etmek i\u00e7in uygulanan ba\u015fl\u0131ca y\u00f6ntem, hidrojen ve azotun do\u011frudan bile\u015fimini sa\u011flayan Haber-BOSCH y\u00f6ntemidir. Ayr\u0131ca kok fabrikalar\u0131nda da yan \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak amonyak elde edilir.
\n Amonyak; en\u00e7ok g\u00fcbre sanayiinde; amonya\u011f\u0131n amonyum nitrat, amonyum fosfat vb. tuzlar\u0131n\u0131n (sun\u2019i g\u00fcbre) \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n Soda \u00fcretiminde yayg\u0131n olarak uygulanan amonyok-soda (ya da Solvay), y\u00f6nteminde amonya\u011f\u0131 nitrik asite d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren Ostwald i\u015fleminde ve ala\u015f\u0131m levhalar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczeylerini sertle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in uygulanan nitr\u00fcrleme gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli metalurji i\u015flemlerinde de amoyaktan yararlan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n Amonyak suda kolayca \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnerek amonyum hidroksit (NH4OH) ad\u0131yla bilinen alkali \u00e7\u00f6zeltiyi olu\u015fturur. Amonyak s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak ya da yakla\u015f\u0131k -33\u00b0C\u2019a kadar so\u011futularak kolayl\u0131kla s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir. S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f amonyak yeniden gaz haline d\u00f6nerken \u00e7evreden \u00f6nemli miktarda \u0131s\u0131 alma (1 gr amonyak 327 kalori \u0131s\u0131 emer) \u00f6zelli\u011finden dolay\u0131 so\u011futma ve havaland\u0131rma donan\u0131mlar\u0131nda so\u011futucu olarak da kullan\u0131l\u0131r.\u2014> Nitrik asit.
\n AMONYUM KLORAT, Amonyakl\u0131 (NH4) k\u00f6k\u00fc olan, yan\u0131c\u0131 madde ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman bir alev temas\u0131, s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme veya darbe ile hemen patlayan ve stabil olmayan madde (NH4ClO3).
\n AMONYUM KLOR\u00dcR (NH4Cl), N\u0131\u015fad\u0131r olarak da bilinir. Hidrojen klor\u00fcr (Tuz asidi, tuz ruhu, kloridrik asit) ve amonya\u011f\u0131n tepkimesi ile olu\u015fan tuz. En\u00e7ok kuru pillerde elektrolit olarak kullan\u0131lan n\u0131\u015fad\u0131r, galvanizleme ve kalaylamada ayr\u0131ca metal y\u00fczeylerindeki oksit katman\u0131n\u0131 gidererek lehim tutmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla lehimcilikte de yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Piyasadaki bir\u00e7ok so\u011fuk al\u011f\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fck ila\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n bile\u015fiminde de amonyum klor\u00fcr bulunur.
\n Renksiz kristalle\u015fmi\u015f bir madde olan amonyum klor\u00fcr suda kolayca \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnerek hafif asit \u00f6zelli\u011finde bir s\u0131v\u0131 olu\u015fturur. 340\u00b0C\u2019da erimeden buharla\u015farak, e\u015fit hacimlerde amonyak ve hidrojen klor\u00fcr verir.
\n Amonyum klor\u00fcr, sodyum karbonat \u00fcretiminde uygulanan solvay y\u00f6nteminde (amonyak-soda y\u00f6ntemi) ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bir yan \u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Amonyum s\u00fclfat ve sodyum klor\u00fcr \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerinin tepkimesinden de elde edilebilir.
\n AMONYUM N\u0130TRAT \u015eARJ TABANCASI, \u2014> \u015earj tabancas\u0131.
\n AMORT\u0130SMAN, 1) \u0130\u015fletmelerde bir y\u0131ldan fazla kullan\u0131lan, eskiyen ve de\u011ferden d\u00fc\u015fen maddesel ve maddesel olmayan de\u011ferlerin ve haklar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131labilecekleri s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde \u00f6denmesi. 2) Duran varl\u0131klara yat\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan sermayenin tekrar geri al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u015flemi. 3) Kullan\u0131lan duran varl\u0131klar\u0131n bu kullan\u0131mdan veya di\u011fer nedenlerden ileri gelen de\u011fer kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n maliyetlere ge\u00e7irilmesi i\u015flemi.
\n AMPUL CAMI, \u0130\u00e7ine serum, a\u015f\u0131, ila\u00e7 gibi bozulmadan saklanmas\u0131 gereken ecza maddeleri konulan ampullerin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 cam. Ampul cam\u0131n\u0131n bile\u015fimindeki silis ve borik asit oran\u0131 \u00e7ok fazlad\u0131r.
\n ANA BANT, \u0130kincil bant veya bantlardan aktar\u0131lan y\u00fck\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131yan, b\u00fcy\u00fck kapasiteli bant. \u2014> Ana galeri.
\n ANA DEKAPAJ, \u00d6rt\u00fc tabakas\u0131 ile ekonomik olmayan \u00fcst ve yan kesim madeninin al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u015flemi. Ana dekapaj\u0131n ilk kesimini \u2014> \u00d6ndekapajte\u015fkil eder. \u00d6ndekapaj i\u015flemi bittikten sonra istihsale ge\u00e7ilebilir.
\n ANAEROB, Havas\u0131z ya\u015far. \u2014> Aerob.
\n ANA GALER\u0130, \u0130hra\u00e7 kuyusuna irtibatl\u0131 ve i\u015fletmecilik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli olan damar istikametinde s\u00fcr\u00fclen ana ula\u015f\u0131m (nakliyat) ve havaland\u0131rma yolu. Madencilikte esas veya daha \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan bir yeri tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in, yer belirten kelimenin ba\u015f\u0131na ana eki konularak o yerin \u00f6nemi belirtilir. Ana-kat, -hava giri\u015f yolu, -d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yolu, -ihra\u00e7 kuyusu, -kablo, -kaya, -nakliyat yolu, -pervane, -toplama band\u0131, -vantilat\u00f6r, -yol, vb.
\n ANA HALAT, \u2014> Ana ve kuyruk halatl\u0131 \u00e7ekme d\u00fczeni.
\n ANAHTAR TA\u015eI, \u2014> Kilit.
\n ANA KAT, Yeralt\u0131 i\u015fletmesinde di\u011fer katlardan getirilen madenin ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve temiz havan\u0131n giri\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ocak kat\u0131.
\n ANA KUYU, Ocaktan, cevher, ta\u015f, su, personel \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 ve oca\u011fa, personel, malzeme, enerji ve hava girmesini sa\u011flayan kuyu.
\n ANA KUYU KES\u0130T\u0130, Ana kuyuda kullan\u0131lan ihra\u00e7 sistemlerine ait kafes ve skiplerin hareketlerini sa\u011flamak \u00fczere ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f b\u00f6lmeleri, kay\u0131tlar\u0131, kafesleri, kiri\u015fleri, bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava ve su borular\u0131 ile g\u00fc\u00e7 kablolar\u0131, vb. tesisat\u0131n durumunu g\u00f6steren kuyu eksenine dik kesit. Ana kuyuda emniyet amac\u0131 ile imdat vinci kafesi ve kontrpuas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zel b\u00f6lme de bulunabilir.
\n ANAL\u0130Z\u00d6R, Kimyada bir olay, yap\u0131 ya da sistemi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemede kullan\u0131lan cihaz, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleyici diye de isimlendirilir.
\n ANA VE KUYRUK HALATLI \u00c7EKME D\u00dcZEN\u0130, Ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 tamburlara sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, dolu arabalar\u0131 \u00e7eken bir ana halatla dolu arabalar \u00e7ekilirken dengeyi sa\u011flayan, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fte ise bo\u015f arabalar\u0131 \u00e7eken bir kuyruk halat\u0131ndan olu\u015fan ta\u015f\u0131ma d\u00fczeni.
\n ANA YOL, \u2014> Ana galeri.
\n ANBAR, 1) Bir i\u015fletmede elde bulunan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131nabilir mallar\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131, muayene edilmesi, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ve korunmas\u0131 ile u\u011fra\u015fan yer veya idari \u00fcnite. 2) Depo.
\n ANBARLI AYAK \u0130\u015eLETME METODU, \u0130htiva etti\u011fi maden sa\u011flam, kendi kendine oksitlenmeyen, tavan ve taban ta\u015flar\u0131 sa\u011flam, dik ve orta kal\u0131nl\u0131ktaki damarlarda (kal\u0131n damarlarda azami kal\u0131nl\u0131k cevherin hi\u00e7 tahkimata l\u00fczum g\u00f6stermeden durabilece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k) ba\u015fyukar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k veya rambleli ayaklarda oldu\u011fu gibi haz\u0131rl\u0131k yap\u0131larak kaz\u0131lan cevherin kabaran k\u0131sm\u0131 kadar\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131p geri kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 panoda kaz\u0131 bitinceye kadar yerinde b\u0131rak\u0131p daha sonra ambarlanm\u0131\u015f cevherin tamam\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretime alma esas\u0131na dayanan (\u00fcretim) i\u015fletme metodu.Anbarl\u0131 ayaklar\u0131n haz\u0131rl\u0131k ve i\u015fletme masraflar\u0131 az olup, tahkimata pek l\u00fczum g\u00f6stermez; i\u015f\u00e7iler emin yerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. \u015e\u00fctlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck par\u00e7alarla t\u0131kanmas\u0131 tehlikesi vard\u0131r. Yan ta\u015f cevhere kar\u0131\u015fabilir. Uygulama ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu\u011fu takdirde ba\u015fka bir metoda ge\u00e7ilemez.<\/p>\n
ANDEZ\u0130T, 1) Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde volkanik faaliyetlere sahne olmu\u015f b\u00f6lgelerde olu\u015fmu\u015f alkalikalk ve alkali karakterli, petrografik olarak diyorit ve benzeri derinlik kaya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n p\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u00fck serileri. Bazen por\u00f6z, gri, siyah\u0131ms\u0131 temel renk g\u00f6steren bu kaya\u00e7lar, daha ya\u015fl\u0131 unsurlar\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fimden dolay\u0131 ye\u015filimsi, kahveremgimsi, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ms\u0131 ve benekli bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm arzederler. Ankara civar\u0131nda bol bulunan andezit, yap\u0131larda kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve Ankara ta\u015f\u0131 olarak da isimlendirilir. 2) Genellikle gen\u00e7 tersiyer volkanizmas\u0131nda olu\u015fmu\u015f alkalikalkerli, az kuarsl\u0131 veya kuarss\u0131z diyoritik ma\u011fmadan olu\u015fan bir cins p\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u00fck kaya\u00e7.
\n ANEMOMETRE, 1) Hava ak\u0131m\u0131 h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7me aleti. 2) R\u00fczgar\u00f6l\u00e7er.
\n ANERO\u0130T BAROMETRE, Ocakta hava bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7en ayg\u0131t.
\n ANGLDOZER, \u00d6ndeki b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131, yukar\u0131 veya a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 tek tarafl\u0131 hareket ettirebilen veya sa\u011fa veya sola d\u00f6nd\u00fcrebilen, dozer. \u2014> Buldozer,
\n ANGLEZ\u0130T, \u2014> Kur\u015fun.
\n ANH\u0130DR\u0130T, Kalsiyum s\u00fclfat (CaSO4) kimyasal bile\u015fiminde, baz\u0131 kaya\u00e7lar\u0131n b\u00fcnyesinde kayac\u0131 te\u015fkil eden unsurlar aras\u0131nda bulunan bir mineral. A\u00e7\u0131k denizle ili\u015fi\u011fi kesilmi\u015f kapal\u0131 basenlerde buharla\u015fma sonucu \u00e7\u00f6kelmeyle olu\u015fur. Suyun doyma ve tuzlar\u0131n erime \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re \u00f6nce g\u00fc\u00e7 eriyen kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131, dolomit, sonra jips yani anhidrit, bunlar\u0131 takiben kayatuzu ve en sonunda da \u00e7abuk \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclme \u00f6zelli\u011findeki potasyum ve magnezyum klor\u00fcr \u00e7\u00f6kelir. Anhidrit, s\u00fclfirik asit \u00fcretimi hammeddelerinden biridir. Tabii veya sentetik anhidrit katk\u0131 maddesi ilave edilerek yeralt\u0131nda tahkimat arkas\u0131, galeri yanlar\u0131 ve baraj dolgu maddesi olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r (K\u00f6p\u00fckl\u00fc ramble). Belli bir su-kat\u0131 madde oran\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bilhassa tabii anhidritin \u00e7abuk donma ve fazla \u0131s\u0131nmama \u00f6zelli\u011fi yan\u0131nda hacim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine u\u011framama ve plastik gibi olma \u00f6zellikleri vard\u0131r. Anhidrit tam donma a\u015famas\u0131nda y\u00fcksek sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011fa sahiptir. \u2014> Al\u00e7\u0131ta\u015f\u0131 \u2014> Jips.
\n AN\u0130 GAZ BO\u015eALMASI, 1) Yeralt\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda; jeolojik yap\u0131dan dolay\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda bulunan metan, CO2 vb. gazlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan yere ani olarak p\u00fcsk\u00fcrmesi suretiyle serbestle\u015fmeleri ve dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve di\u011fer katmanlar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bo\u015flu\u011fa yay\u0131lmalar\u0131. 2) Degajman (Degajman enstantane). 3) Damar patlamas\u0131.
\n AN\u0130ZOTROP, Belirli fiziksel do\u011frultulara g\u00f6re \u00f6zelli\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fen cisimler.
\n ANJ\u0130LD\u0130T, Killi kayac\u0131n mekanik etkilerle sertle\u015fip levhalara ayr\u0131labilen t\u00fcr\u00fc.
\n ANKARATA\u015eI, \u2014> Andezit.
\n ANKERAJ TAHK\u0130MATI, 1) Betonarme kiri\u015f \u015feklinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak amac\u0131 ile, kaya\u00e7lara delikler delinerek i\u00e7ine demir te\u00e7hizat yerle\u015ftirmek suretiyle yap\u0131lan tahkimat. Ankeraj\u0131n g\u00f6revi, birka\u00e7 kaya\u00e7 katman\u0131n\u0131, m\u00fc\u015fterek bir kitle te\u015fkil edecek \u015fekilde birbiriyle irtibatlamak ve b\u00f6ylece katmanlar\u0131n g\u00f6sterece\u011fi b\u00fck\u00fclme mukavemetini art\u0131rmakt\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bi\u00e7imli de\u011fi\u015fik boy \u00e7elik malzeme, daha \u00f6nce delinmi\u015f yerlere \u00e7ak\u0131l\u0131r ve b\u00f6ylece kaya\u00e7lar\u0131n betonarme kiri\u015f \u015feklinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r. 2) \u2014> Tavan civatas\u0131.<\/p>\n
ANMA BOYUTU, Cevher haz\u0131rlama \u00e7al\u0131\u015f-malar\u0131 ile ilgili bir boyut s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131las\u0131nda ta\u011fdiye (besleme) maddesinin ayr\u0131lmak istendi\u011fi par\u00e7a boyutu.
\n ANMA KAPS\u0130TES\u0130, Kaz\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n (ekskava-t\u00f6rlerin) normal ko\u015fullarda yapmas\u0131 gereken kaz\u0131 miktar\u0131n\u0131n ifadesi. Pratikte kaz\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma verimleri yap\u0131lan fiili i\u015f miktar\u0131n\u0131n anma kapasitesine oran\u0131 ile de\u011ferlendirilir. Anma kapasitesi; nominal kapasite ve normal kapasite diye de ifade edilir. \u2014> Ekskavat\u00f6r, Bager, Kep\u00e7eli bager, Aktar\u0131c\u0131 kaz\u0131c\u0131.
\n O= Dragline veya ekskavat\u00f6r\u00fcn anma kapasitesi (m3\/h), C= D\u00f6ng\u00fc (Saniye), V= Kep\u00e7e hacmi (m3), F1= \u0130\u015fyeri rand\u0131man\u0131, F2= Kep\u00e7e dolma fakt\u00f6r\u00fc, F3= Malzeme kabarma fakt\u00f6r\u00fc
\n O= 3600\/C.V.0,764. F1.F2.F3
\n ANMA KES\u0130T\u0130, 1) Kesiti \u00f6nemli olan tel, halat, \u00e7ubuk vb. maddelerin standartlarda belirtilen kesit de\u011feri. 2) Nominal kesit.
\n ANO, \u0130stinat duvarlar\u0131, galeri veya kuyularda beton, betonarme, ta\u015fduvar veya kemer in\u015faatlar\u0131nda meydana gelebilecek defor-masyonlar\u0131n t\u00fcm tahkimat\u0131 etkilemesini \u00f6nlemek ve deforme olan k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n kolay tamir edilebilmesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in s\u00f6z konusu tahkimat\u0131n bloklar halinde in\u015fa edilen k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131.
\n ANOMAL\u0130, 1) Kaide d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olan \u015fey. 2) Yery\u00fc-z\u00fcnde sistemli bir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m ve belirli bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc de\u011feri g\u00f6steren manyetik alan\u0131n bir lokasyonda al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6stermesi. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde radyoaktif, yer\u00e7ekimi, yer ak\u0131mlar\u0131 de\u011ferlerinin normallerinden farkl\u0131 olmas\u0131 da anomalidir ve maden aranmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli belirtiler olarak de\u011ferlendirilir. 3) Sapakl\u0131k, d\u00fczg\u00fcns\u00fczl\u00fck.
\n ANOTLAMA, Elektrolizle uygulanan metal kaplama y\u00f6ntemi. Anotlama i\u015flemi, paslanmaya kar\u015f\u0131 koruma, elektrik yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131, \u0131s\u0131 kontrol\u00fc, birle\u015ftirme ve s\u0131zd\u0131rmaz h\u00e2le getirme, a\u015f\u0131nma ve y\u0131pranmaya kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k ve s\u00fcsleme amac\u0131yla yap\u0131l\u0131r.
\n Bu teknikte, \u00fcst\u00fc kaplanacak m\u00e2lzeme elektroliz kab\u0131n\u0131n anoduna yerle\u015ftirilir; elektrolit olarak da bir metalin, genellikle aluminyumun sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Elektrik verildi\u011finde \u00e7\u00f6zeltideki aluminyum ayr\u0131\u015farak anottaki malzemenin \u00fcst\u00fcnde ince, sert ve g\u00f6zeneksiz bir katman olu\u015fturacak \u015fekilde \u00e7\u00f6kelir.
\n Renkli bir y\u00fczey elde etmek i\u00e7in \u00e7\u00f6keltilecek maddeye boya da kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir.
\n ANOT \u00c7AMURU, Bak\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n elektro rafinasyonu esnas\u0131nda olu\u015fan, i\u00e7erisinde g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, alt\u0131n, selenyum, tell\u00fcr ve az miktarda da olsa platin, paladyum bulunan \u00fcr\u00fcn. Bak\u0131r anot \u00e7amurlar\u0131 selenyum ve tell\u00fcr i\u00e7in temel ticari kaynakt\u0131r. Anot \u00e7amurunun i\u015flenmesinde genellikle a- Bak\u0131r, tell\u00fcr ve nikel al\u0131n\u0131r, b- Selenyum, selenyumdioksit \u015feklinde buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, c- Kur\u015fun ve kal\u0131nt\u0131 ana metal emp\u00fcriteler curuf olarak dore i\u015flemi vas\u0131tas\u0131yla uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bak\u0131r anot \u00e7amurlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flenmesinde farkl\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlar ( alternatif proses zincirleri) a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. \u2014> \u015eekil.<\/p>\n
ANT\u0130GR\u0130ZU DEVRE KES\u0130C\u0130, Grizulu ocaklarda kullan\u0131lan elektrik motorlar\u0131n\u0131, k\u0131sa devre, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fckleme, faz kesilmesi ve toprak ka\u00e7aklar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruyan d\u00fczen.
\n ANT\u0130GR\u0130ZU D\u0130NAM\u0130T, Grizu tehlikesi olan ocaklarda kullan\u0131lan emniyetli patlay\u0131c\u0131 madde. Bu dinamitler esas olarak yanmayan emici (kizelgur) bir madde ile imal edilen ve i\u00e7ine kolay buharla\u015fan amonyum oksalat vb. tuz ilave edilen bir patlay\u0131c\u0131 maddedir.
\n ANT\u0130GR\u0130ZU PATLAYICI MADDELER, Ate\u015fleme esnas\u0131nda grizu patlamas\u0131na veya yanmas\u0131na meydan vermeyecek \u015fekilde \u00f6zel imal edilen \u2014> Patlay\u0131c\u0131 madde (Eksplosif).
\n ANT\u0130KL\u0130NAL, Jeolojik devirlerde meydana gelen tektonik hareketlerle formasyonlarda olu\u015fan k\u0131vr\u0131mlar\u0131n semer \u015feklinde olan k\u0131sm\u0131. Antiklinal ekseninin bir tarafa yatmas\u0131 ile olu\u015fan \u015fekline devrik antiklinal denir.<\/p>\n
ANTiMADDE , Evrenin 15-20 milyar y\u0131l \u00f6nce b\u00fcy\u00fck bir patlama ile olu\u015ftu\u011funa inanan bilim adamlar\u0131, bu ilk patlama sonucu, saf enerjilerin par\u00e7alan\u0131p bildi\u011fimiz maddelere ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra bu olu\u015fum esnas\u0131nda simetrik sebeplerden dolay\u0131 zorunlu olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve yok oldu\u011fu san\u0131lan madde (Positor).
\n Antimadde ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcleri Paul Dirac (1928), Carl David Anderson ve Alman Fizik\u00e7i Watter Oelert olup fizik\u00e7i Walter Oelert Cenevre\u2019deki Avrupa Atom Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 merkezi Cern\u2019de anti maddeyi \u00fcretmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anti hidrojen \u015feklinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bu madde k\u0131sa \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc oldu\u011fundan bilimsel olarak izlenmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcm yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in anti atomlar\u0131n uzun s\u00fcre hayatta kalabilmeleri, \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131yla hareket etmemeleri gerekmektedir.
\n Temel fizik ile evren aras\u0131nda bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc kurul-mas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar ; Evren nas\u0131l olu\u015ftu? ve Evrenin uzun gelecekte durumu ne olacak? sorular\u0131na yan\u0131t bulunmas\u0131nda yol g\u00f6sterici olacakt\u0131r.
\n ANT\u0130MUAN (Sb), G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f beyaz\u0131 renginde k\u0131r\u0131lgan, \u00f6zg\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 6,62gr\/cm3 atom a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 121,76 olan element. Regul\u00fcs denilen metal antimuan\u0131n ticarette % 99,60 Sb ve en \u00e7ok % 0,15 arsenik (As) i\u00e7ermesi istenir. Antimuan bile\u015fikleri i\u00e7inde ticari a\u00e7\u0131dan en \u00f6nemlisi, antimuan trioksittir. Bunun genelde % 99,2- 99,5 Sb2 O3 ve de\u011fi\u015fik oranlarda arsenik, demir ve kur\u015fun gibi emp\u00fcriteler ( safs\u0131zl\u0131klar) i\u00e7eren cinsleri, ticarette tercih edilir. Antimuan trioksit yang\u0131n geciktirici kimyasal maddelerde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Sb2 O3’\u00fcn pazarlanmas\u0131nda aranan en \u00f6nemli fiziksel \u00f6zelliklerinden biri, \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn tane boyutuyla da yak\u0131ndan alakal\u0131 olan \u201c Renk – tonu \u015fiddeti\u201d (Tinting strength) dir. Genelde \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ortalama tane boyutu artt\u0131k\u00e7a, antimuan trioksitin renk-tonu \u015fiddeti azal\u0131r. Renk tonu \u015fiddeti d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan Sb2 O3, daha az beyazlat\u0131c\u0131 etkiye sahip oldu\u011fundan, renk pigmentlerinin etkin bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6rev yapmalar\u0131na imk\u00e2n verir. Bu nedenle sat\u0131c\u0131lar, piyasaya \u00e7e\u015fitli renk tonu \u015fiddetine sahip, de\u011fi\u015fik kalitede antimuan tioksitler s\u00fcrerler. Piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fclen kimyasal kalitedeki cevherin, oksit, klorit veya di\u011fer end\u00fcstriyel kimyasal bile\u015fiklerin \u00fcretiminde do\u011frudan kullan\u0131lacak kalitede olmas\u0131 istenir. Kimyasal kalite s\u00fclf\u00fcrl\u00fc cevherdeki arsenik ve kur\u015fun dahil toplam emp\u00fcritenin de %0,25\u2019i ge\u00e7memesi ve her bir emp\u00fcritenin de % 0,1\u2019in alt\u0131nda olmas\u0131 gerekir. \u2014> Stibin.
\n ANTRAS\u0130T, U\u00e7ucu gazlar\u0131 az, (%5 ile 10 aras\u0131) ve kalorifik (yanma) de\u011feri y\u00fcksek olan bir cins maden k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc. K\u0131sa, mavi ve is b\u0131rakmayan bir alev ile yanar, az koku \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131r ve kokla\u015fmaz. Antrasit Amerika\u2019da sert k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve Galler\u2019de kaya k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 oca\u011fa g\u00f6re \u00f6zellikleri \u00f6nemli farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6sterir. Amerikan antrasitlerinin ortalama analiz sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi \u00f6zetlenebilir : Nem %2,8-4,4 ; u\u00e7ucu madde % 1,9-4,8 ; sabit karbon %75,2-81,8 ; k\u00fcl %10,1-9,0 \u0131s\u0131l de\u011fer 13.360-13130 BTU\/lb; veya 7420-7295 kcal\/kg; hidrojen %3,7-3,4 ; k\u00fck\u00fcrt %2,2-0,6; karbon%78,3-79,8; azot %1,7-1,0; oksijen %4,0-6,2. Verilen de\u011ferlerden birincisi semi-antrasit ve ikincisi antrasit k\u00f6m\u00fcrleri i\u00e7indir.
\n ANTROKOZ, \u2014> Pnomokonyoz. Toz.
\n APEX, 1) Antiklinal k\u0131vr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n tepe noktalar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu eksen. 2) K\u00f6m\u00fcr damar\u0131n\u0131n en y\u00fcksek noktas\u0131. 3) Bir da\u011f\u0131n en y\u00fcksek noktalar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc. 4 ) USA\u2019n\u0131n maden kanununda gang\u2019\u0131n mostras\u0131 veya yery\u00fcz\u00fcne ula\u015fmayan gang\u2019\u0131n en \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131. 5 ) Gidi\u015f ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc kesinle\u015ftirilmi\u015f indirimli u\u00e7ak bileti t\u00fcr\u00fc.
\n API GRAV\u0130TE, Ham petrol\u00fcn yo\u011funlu\u011funu tespit etmeye yarayan Amerikan Petrol End\u00fcstrisi Standard\u0131. API gravitenin
\n 141,5
\n derecesi = \u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013 131,5.
\n P
\n Burada P s\u00f6z konusu petrol\u00fcn 60\u00bdF\u2019da \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen \u00f6zg\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yani yo\u011funlu\u011fu. Bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc sistemi, sudan hafif s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n mukayeseli yo\u011funluk \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc vermektedir. \u2014> Gravite.
\n APL\u0130KASYON, 1) Harita plan ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc belgelerinde bulunan bilgilerin arazide g\u00f6sterilmesi. 2) \u0130n\u015faattan \u00f6nce bir yap\u0131n\u0131n temelinin ve kolon yerlerinin arsa \u00fczerinde saptanarak i\u015faretlenmesi. 3) S\u00fcslemek veya dayan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kuma\u015f veya deri bir e\u015fya \u00fczerine d\u00fcz veya desenli ba\u015fka bir par\u00e7an\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131. \u2014> Yol aplikasyonu.
\n APOF\u0130Z, 1) Derinlik kaya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n veya gang\u2019lar\u0131n kom\u015fu olu\u015fumlar i\u00e7ine n\u00fcfuz etmi\u015f uzant\u0131lar\u0131 veya yan kollar\u0131. 2) \u00c7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131, kambur.
\n APL\u0130T, Derinlik kaya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k renkli, ince taneli, asidik karakterli gang \u015feklindeki uzant\u0131lar\u0131. Batolitten en son kal\u0131p u\u00e7ucu maddelerle birlikte \u00e7atlaklarda kat\u0131la\u015fan hemen yaln\u0131z kuars ve feldspattan ibaret k\u0131s\u0131m. \u2014> Pegmatit.
\n ARABA, \u2014> Ocak arabas\u0131.
\n ARA-BA\u011e, \u0130ki ba\u011f aras\u0131na sonradan yap\u0131lan takviye tahkimat.
\n ARABA KANCASI, Arabalar\u0131 birbirine veya lokomotife ba\u011flamaya yarayan d\u00fczen.
\n ARABALI PERFORAT\u00d6R, Tekerlekli bir \u015fasi \u00fczerine yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f la\u011f\u0131m makinesi. \u2014> Jumbo.
\n ARA\u00c7SAL EP\u0130SANTER, Deprem hareketi kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n ara\u00e7la incelenmesi sonucunda bulunan koordinatlar (enlem ve boylam) yard\u0131m\u0131yla deprem yerinin belirlenmesi. B\u00f6yle bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in en az \u00fc\u00e7 sismik istasyonunun kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesi laz\u0131md\u0131r.
\n ARADEKAPAJ, A\u00e7\u0131k i\u015fletmelerde maden i\u00e7erisinde arakatlar halinde bulunan sokmalar\u0131n ve yabanc\u0131 katmanlar\u0131n i\u015f makinalar\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla ayr\u0131 olarak al\u0131nmas\u0131.
\n ARAGON\u0130T (CaCO3), Kimyasal bak\u0131mdan kalsitten fark\u0131 olmayan fakat kristal \u015fekli ayr\u0131 (rombusal), do\u011fada daha az bulunan, kalsitten daha sert ve a\u011f\u0131r, sertli\u011fi 3,5-4, \u00f6zg\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 2,9 dilinimi olmayan kolay k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, k\u0131r\u0131lma y\u00fczeyi midye kabu\u011fu \u015fekilli, cam par\u0131lt\u0131l\u0131, k\u0131r\u0131lan y\u00fczeyi ise ya\u011f\u0131ms\u0131, ya\u011f par\u0131lt\u0131l\u0131, saydam, bulan\u0131k ve yar\u0131 saydam mineral.
\n Aragonit umumiyetle beyaz, gri veya krem renklidir. Deniz hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131n kabuklar\u0131n\u0131n sedef kapl\u0131 olan i\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131 aragonittir. Demir cevherli aragonit, beyaz aragonitin ma\u011fara ve madenlerde dallanarak b\u00fcy\u00fcmesinden meydana gelir. S\u0131cak denizlerde ya\u015fayan hayvan ve bitkilerin meydana getirildikleri mercanlar da aragonittir. K\u0131ymetli mercan, m\u00fccevher ta\u015f\u0131 veya s\u00fcs e\u015fyas\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u2014> Kalsit.
\n Aragonit de kalsit gibi asit i\u00e7inde kaynayarak ve kabarc\u0131klar meydana getirerek erir.
\n ARA KAT, \u0130ki ana kat aras\u0131nda bulunan ve haz\u0131rl\u0131k i\u015flerinin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc te\u015fkil eden ve ana ihra\u00e7 sistemine ba\u011fl\u0131 olmayan kat.
\n ARA KAT LA\u011eIMI, \u2014> Kat la\u011f\u0131m\u0131.
\n ARA KATLI G\u00d6\u00c7ERTMEL\u0130 AYAK \u0130\u015e-LETME METODU, Orta sertlikte cevher ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn te\u015fkil etti\u011fi, \u00fcstte kalan tabaka g\u00f6\u00e7me\u011fe elveri\u015fli fakat bir dereceye kadar ufak a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131klara dayanacak \u015fekilde olan geni\u015f maden yataklar\u0131nda \u2014> Dilimli g\u00f6\u00e7ertmeli ayak i\u015fletme metodunda oldu\u011fu gibi alt ve \u00fcst ana nakliyat yollar\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcp kelebe veya ba\u015fyukar\u0131 (ayk\u0131r\u0131) ile birle\u015ftirildikten sonra dilimler halinde yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken dilimler aras\u0131nda 3-4 m. kal\u0131nl\u0131kta topuklar b\u0131rak\u0131p d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fte bu topuklar da g\u00f6\u00e7ertilerek al\u0131nmak suretiyle uygulanan yeralt\u0131 (\u00fcretim) i\u015fletme metodu. Bu usulde i\u015fletme zayiat\u0131 (kay\u0131p) fazlad\u0131r. Cevhere yanta\u015f kar\u0131\u015fabilir. Taban d\u00f6\u015feme i\u015fi topuk g\u00f6\u00e7ertilmeden yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bu \u015fekilde uygulama yap\u0131lan i\u015fletme metoduna \u201cAra katl\u0131 sun\u2019i tavanl\u0131 (taban d\u00f6\u015femeli) g\u00f6\u00e7ertmeli ayak i\u015fletme metodu\u201d denir. \u2014> \u015eekil.
\n ARA KATLI SUN\u2019\u0130 TAVANLI (TABAN D\u00d6\u015eEMEL\u0130) VE G\u00d6\u00c7ERTMEL\u0130 AYAK \u0130\u015eLETME METODU, \u2014> Ara katl\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7ertmeli ayak i\u015fletme metodu.
\n ARAKESME, K\u00f6m\u00fcr tabakalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bulunan ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr olmayan katman, k\u00f6m\u00fcr ocaklar\u0131nda ara kesme veya fay zonlar\u0131nda bulunan plastik killer. Bu plastik killer \u015fist olarak da isimlendirilir.
\n ARALIKLI KAPS\u00dcL, Kovan i\u00e7indeki tel u\u00e7lar\u0131 ark olu\u015fturacak bi\u00e7imde aral\u0131kl\u0131 olan ve alev al\u0131c\u0131 hassas maddenin i\u00e7inde bulunan ve yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 voltluk elektrik gerilimiyle patlayan kaps\u00fcl.
\n ARAMA, \u00dcmitli sahalar\u0131n incelenmesi ve maden yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tesbiti ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda, kesin rezerv tesbitine kadar ge\u00e7en evre.
\n ARAMA GALER\u0130S\u0130, Jeolojik ve jeofizik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar sonucunda elde edilmi\u015f bilgilerin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda veya mevcut bir i\u015fletmede; maden yata\u011f\u0131 varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tesbit amac\u0131yla s\u00fcr\u00fclen galeri.
\n ARAMA RUHSATI, \u2014> Maden arama ruhsatnamesi.
\n ARAMA SONDAJI, 1) Jeolojik, jeofizik vb. \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00fcmitli g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi sahalarda yeralt\u0131 zenginliklerinin bulunmas\u0131 ve daha belirgin hale getirilmesi, jeolojik ve jeofizik vb. \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan elde edilen verilerin tahkiki ve derinlerden numune al\u0131narak ke\u015ffedilen yeralt\u0131 zenginlik-lerinin mineralojik, petrografik, fiziki ve kimyevi nitelikleri hakk\u0131nda en g\u00fcvenilir bilgileri edinebilmek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan sondaj. 2) Bulunmu\u015f veya i\u015fletilmekte olan bir madenin dev****** uzant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lan sondaj.
\n ARA\u015eTIRMA PARKI, \u2014> Teknopark
\n ARA \u00dcR\u00dcN, Ay\u0131rma esnas\u0131nda, elde edilen konsantre ve art\u0131kta hatal\u0131 tasnif edilmi\u015f veya birle\u015fik par\u00e7alar oran\u0131n\u0131 en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyeye indirebilmek ve dolay\u0131siyle bu \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin kalitesini y\u00fckseltebilmek ve ka\u00e7aklar\u0131 azaltmak amac\u0131 ile elde edilen ek \u00fcr\u00fcn \u2014> (Mikst.). Ara \u00fcr\u00fcn k\u0131smen birle\u015fik, k\u0131smen yanl\u0131\u015f tasnif edilmi\u015f par\u00e7alardan olu\u015fabilir. \u0130mkan olan hallerde ara \u00fcr\u00fcn veya mikst; k\u0131rma i\u015flemine tabi tutularak, serbestle\u015ftirmek suretiyle zenginle\u015ftirme devresine verilerek tekrar ay\u0131rma i\u015flemine tabi tutulur.
\n ARAZ\u0130, 1) Maden yata\u011f\u0131 ve yata\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu jeolojik ortam. 2) Prospeksiyon ve maden et\u00fct sahas\u0131.
\n ARAZ\u0130 D\u00dcZENLEMES\u0130, Yeralt\u0131nda bulunan madenin a\u00e7\u0131k i\u015fletme metodu ile \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra arazinin yine eski haline getirilmesi veya araziye yeni bir \u015fekil verilmesi. Bu d\u00fczenlemeyi yapmak i\u00e7in i\u015fletme s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6rt\u00fc tabakas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerini \u00f6rten humuslu toprak ayr\u0131 bir yere stok edilir. Daha sonra dekapaj d\u00f6k\u00fcm sahas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine serilerek arazinin tekrar eski verimli haline gelmesi sa\u011flan\u0131r.
\n ARB\u0130TRAJ, 1) Kelime anlam\u0131 \u201chakemlik\u201d olan ve \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin de\u011ferlendirilmesinde kullan\u0131lan ticari bir terim. Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle, bir yerden para, k\u0131ymetli maden, ticari senet veya menkul k\u0131ymetler sat\u0131n alarak, bunlar\u0131 fiyat\u0131 daha y\u00fcksek olan bir ba\u015fka yerde satma\u011fa dayanan banka i\u015flemi. 2) Fazla pahal\u0131 say\u0131lan bir menkul k\u0131ymeti satarak yerine, y\u00fcksek verimi veya gelecekte y\u00fckselme ihtimalleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan daha elveri\u015fli g\u00f6r\u00fcnen ba\u015fka bir menkul k\u0131ymet koyma\u011fa dayanan borsa i\u015flemi. 3) Ticaret tellallar\u0131n\u0131n, teslim edilen mallar\u0131, \u00f6rne\u011fe uygunsa kabul etmesine, de\u011filse al\u0131\u015f fiyat\u0131nda indirim istemesine dayanan i\u015flem. Arbitraj, gerek ayn\u0131 borsada benzer k\u0131ymetler aras\u0131nda, gerekse ayr\u0131 borsalarda ayn\u0131 menkul k\u0131ymet veya mallar aras\u0131ndaki fiyat farklar\u0131na dayan\u0131r. Bu anlamda k\u0131ymet veya mallar\u0131n arbitraj\u0131, en ucuzlar\u0131n\u0131 en ucuz olduklar\u0131 yerde sat\u0131n alabilmek i\u00e7in , en pahal\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 en pahal\u0131 olduklar\u0131 yerde satmak demektir. Arbitraj, \u00e7e\u015fitli yollarla yap\u0131labilir; pe\u015fin veya vadeli olabilir. Pe\u015fin arbitraj, portf\u00f6ydeki k\u0131ymetlerin daha g\u00fcvenilir veya daha y\u00fcksek kazan\u00e7 getirece\u011fi san\u0131lan ba\u015fka k\u0131ymetlerle de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine dayan\u0131r. Vadeli arbitraj bir k\u0131ymeti vadesi ayn\u0131 olan ba\u015fka bir k\u0131ymeti sat\u0131n alarak vade ile satmakt\u0131r; bu i\u015flemde, sat\u0131lan k\u0131ymette ileride bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ve sat\u0131n almada bir art\u0131\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulur. Arbitraj, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman \u201cayr\u0131 yerler\u201d aras\u0131nda yap\u0131l\u0131r; o zaman \u00e7e\u015fitli k\u0131ymetlerin de\u011fil, \u00e7e\u015fitli borsalarda kote edilmi\u015f ayn\u0131 senetlerin al\u0131m sat\u0131m\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur.
\n ARDAK D\u0130REK, \u00c7\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, mukavemetini kaybetmi\u015f direk.
\n ARDUVAZ, \u0130nce levhalara ayr\u0131labiler, yo\u011fun ve homojen metomorfize killi \u015fist.
\n ARG\u0130LOL\u0130T, \u2014> Killi \u015fist.
\n ARG\u0130R\u0130T, Bil\u015fiminde g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f s\u00fclf\u00fcr Ag2 S olan k\u00fbbik sistemde kristalle\u015fen siyah\u0131mtrak, grimsi, parlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 az bir mineral. \u0130\u00e7inde % 87 g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f bulundu\u011fundan k\u0131ymetli bir g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f cevheridir.
\n ARGON I\u015eINI,\u2014> Ultraviyole \u0131\u015f\u0131n.
\n ARIN, \u2014> Al\u0131n.
\n ARITMA, At\u0131k sular\u0131n al\u0131c\u0131 ortama verilmeden ya da tekrar kullanmak \u00fczere devreye sokulmadan \u00f6nce kirletici \u00f6zelliklerini ortadan kald\u0131rmak \u00fczere bu kirleticilerin m\u00fcsaade edilen ortam parametreleri de\u011ferlerine indirgeme i\u015flemi.
\n ARIZA, 1) Tabaka veya damarlarda rastlanan k\u0131r\u0131k, k\u0131vr\u0131lma, s\u0131kma vb. olu\u015fumlar. 2) \u2014> Fay.
\n ARK FIRINI, \u0130\u00e7 bo\u015flu\u011funda elektrik ark\u0131 meydana getirmek suretiyle ergitme yapan f\u0131r\u0131n. Bu ark ya sadece radyasyon yoluyla veya radyasyon ve kond\u00fcksiyon yoluyla \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u015farja ge\u00e7irir. Ark, iki elektrot aras\u0131nda veya bir elektrot ile \u015farj\u0131n temas ettirilmesiyle meydana getirilir. \u015earj\u0131n elektrot olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 haller de mevcuttur.
\n ARKA, Mermer i\u015fletmecili\u011finde ta\u015f\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00fcne paralel olan geri taraf.
\n ARKOZ, 1) Feldspat bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengin gre. 2) Granitin d\u0131\u015f etkilerle ayr\u0131\u015f\u0131p tanelerin ta\u015f\u0131nma s\u0131ras\u0131nda tasnifi sonucu te\u015fekk\u00fcl eden gre.
\n ARSEN\u0130K, Metalik parlakl\u0131kta, hava rutubetinde matla\u015fan, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f grisi bir metal. \u00d6nemli arsenik cevherleri; turuncu rengindeki realgar (As2 S2 ) ve limon sar\u0131s\u0131 rengindeki orpiment (As2 S3), metal arsen\u00fcrler ve mispikel ( Fe AsS) gibi arseno s\u00fclf\u00fcrlerdir. Arsenik metali ve bunun trioksidi, asidi, kur\u015fun asetat, kalsiyum asetat ve di\u011fer asetat bile\u015fikleri tehlikeli madde olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Arseni\u011fin g\u00fcmr\u00fck poz numaras\u0131 28048000\u2019d\u0131r. Atom numaras\u0131 33 ve atom a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 74,91 olan ( As); \u00f6zellikleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan metallerle ametaller aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Arsenik ve bile\u015fikleri zehirlidir ve halk aras\u0131nda do\u011fal arsenik s\u00fclf\u00fcre \u201c z\u0131rn\u0131k\u201d denir. Arsenik bak\u0131r, kur\u015fun, \u00e7inko, alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f gibi metallerin \u00fcretimleri esnas\u0131nda yan \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak elde edilir. Genel olarak izabe i\u015flemlerinde arseni\u011fin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olumsuz de\u011ferlendirilir. Arseni\u011fin kullan\u0131l\u0131\u015f \u015fekli genellikle arsenik trioksit \u015feklinde olur. Kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ise; % 55 end\u00fcstriyel kimyasal ( \u00f6zellikle a\u011fa\u00e7 korumada) olarak, % 33 kadar\u0131 zirai kimya maddelerinde, % 5 kadar\u0131 cam \u00fcretiminde ve % 3 kadar\u0131 metal arsen olarak demir d\u0131\u015f\u0131 arsenikli ala\u015f\u0131mlardad\u0131r.
\n ARSENOP\u0130R\u0130T, \u2014> Arsenik.
\n ARTEZYEN, Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 akifere yap\u0131lan sondaj kuyusundan suyun y\u00fckse\u011fe f\u0131\u015fk\u0131rmas\u0131 veya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131.
\n ARTEZYEN AK\u0130FER\u0130, \u2014> Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 akifer.
\n ARTIK, 1) Cevher zenginle\u015ftirme ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr haz\u0131rlama i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda ayr\u0131lan ve ekonomik de\u011feri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in at\u0131lan k\u0131s\u0131m. 2) \u2014> Pasa.
\n ARTIK ISI KAZANI, Enerji tasarrufu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan sanayide ve izabecilikte, bacalardan ka\u00e7an art\u0131k \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmek amac\u0131 ile kurulan kazan tesisleri.
\n ASBEST, Genel olarak lifli yap\u0131ya sahip bir grup silikat minerali . \u0130ki ana gruba ayr\u0131lan asbestlerde birinci grupta serpantinden olu\u015fan \u201cKrizotil\u201d, ikinci grupta ise amfibol serisinden 5 mineral i\u00e7eren krokidolit, amosit, antofillit, tremolit ve aktinolit bulunur. Krizotil ; Kanada (Quebec) ve Rusya taraf\u0131ndan, liflerin uzunlu\u011funa g\u00f6re, ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 \u015fekilde s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Grupland\u0131rmaya esas olarak al\u0131nan alet, Quebec standart test kutusudur. Bu kutuda; 0,5 , 4, 10 me\u015f\u2019lik \u00fc\u00e7 elek bulunur. Testi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 istenen a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f krizotil lifinden 16 onz (453, 6 gr) \u00fcst ele\u011fin \u00fczerine konur ve kutu kapat\u0131l\u0131r. Daha sonra kutu ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu motor vas\u0131tas\u0131yla 600 devirde ve 110 sn s\u00fcresinde sallant\u0131ya tabi tutulur. Bu s\u00fcre sonunda kutu a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r ve her elek \u00fcst\u00fcnde kalan k\u0131s\u0131m tart\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece numunenin grubu \u00f6\u011frenilir. Fiyatlar da gruplara g\u00f6re belirlenir. Rus s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131 i\u00e7in testi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 istenen a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f krizotil lifinden 500 gr\u2019l\u0131k numune al\u0131n\u0131r ve Quebec standart test kutusuna konur, 120 sn s\u00fcre ile sars\u0131nt\u0131ya tabi tutulur. Asbest s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7irmedi\u011finden ate\u015fe dayan\u0131kl\u0131 elbise, karton, y\u00fcksek \u0131s\u0131ya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7imento yap\u0131m\u0131nda, yer karolar\u0131 ve eternit ad\u0131 verilen malzemenin imalinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. K\u0131sa lifler ise jipsle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak asbest levhalar yap\u0131l\u0131r.
\n Asbestin kanserojen etkisi oldu\u011fu iddas\u0131 t\u00fcketimi azaltm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Asbestosis hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile m\u00fccadele y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi \u0130ngiltere\u2019de 1 cm3 hava i\u00e7inde 2 adetten fazla krizotille amozit lifi bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklar. Bu oran ABD\u2019de ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta 5 lif\/cm3 olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015fletmelerde; kuru asbestin \u0131slak \u00e7imentoya kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 an hastal\u0131\u011fa yakalanmaya en uygun an olarak kabul edilir.
\n ASBESTOZ, \u2014> Pnomokonyoz, Toz.
\n ASENDAN HAVA AKIMI, Yukar\u0131 do\u011fru y\u00fckselen hava ak\u0131m\u0131 (Asendan havaland\u0131rma).
\n ASET\u0130LEN, H2 C2 form\u00fcl\u00fcyle g\u00f6sterilen gaz \u015feklinde alkin grubunun ilki bir hidrokarbon. 1836 y\u0131l\u0131nda ke\u015ffedildi ve 1860 y\u0131l\u0131nda Berthelot karbon ve hidrojeni elektrik ark\u0131nda birle\u015ftirerek asetileni elde etti. Asetilenin sanayide kullan\u0131m\u0131, kalsiyum karb\u00fcr (CaC2) elde edilip bunun su ile hidroliz edilerek asetilenin \u00fcretilmesiyle ba\u015flad\u0131.
\n Asetilen bol oksijenle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p yak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 2000\u00b0C s\u0131cakl\u0131k elde edilir; \u015falomede mavi alevle yanar. Bu \u00f6zelli\u011finden dolay\u0131 kaynak yapmada ve metal kesmede kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n Asetilen, kimya sanayiinde, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc, monomer, asetaldehit t\u00fcrevleri, yapay kau\u00e7uk ve poliamit im\u00e2linde ara \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kullan\u0131mlar i\u00e7in asetilen, asetilen kazanlar\u0131nda \u00fcretilir.
\n Petrol t\u00fcrevlerinin kullan\u0131m\u0131 sonucu asetilenin yerini propilen ve etilen alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u00f6m\u00fcr kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 oldu\u011fu yerde asetilen \u00fcretimi \u00f6n plana ge\u00e7er. \u2014> Karpit lambas\u0131.
\n ASET\u0130LEN LAMBASI, \u2014> Karpit lambas\u0131.
\n ASFALT, \u2014> Bit\u00fcm.
\n ASFALT\u0130T, 1) Koyu renkli, sert, zor eriyen bit\u00fcml\u00fc organik maddeler kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan olu\u015fan k\u00f6m\u00fcr. 2) 120-135\u00bdC aras\u0131nda erime g\u00f6steren masif hidrokarbonun sert bir cinsi. Bu k\u00f6m\u00fcrler, daha ya\u015fl\u0131 tabakalarda te\u015fekk\u00fcl etmi\u015f petrol\u00fcn, tektonik olaylar sonucu \u00fcst \u00f6rt\u00fc tabakalar\u0131nda meydana gelen \u00e7atlaklar\u0131n doldurmas\u0131, u\u00e7ucu ve ak\u0131c\u0131 maddelerin \u00e7atla\u011f\u0131 terketmesi sonunda; \u00e7atlakta kalan petrol art\u0131\u011f\u0131 maddelerden ibarettir.
\n AS\u0130L BER\u0130L, B\u00fcnyesine giren Cr nedeniyle ye\u015fil olan Z\u00fcmr\u00fct (Smaragd). Akvamarin (Fe), Morganit, Herderit, Barilit, \u00d6didimit, Gadolinit, (Th-redyoaktif), Bertrandit (\u015eeffaf, renksiz, sar\u0131). Fenasit, G\u00f6kz\u00fcmr\u00fct, Go\u015fenit, Helyolit, Kedig\u00f6z\u00fc (Krizoberil), \u00c7kalovit, \u00f6nemli beril minerallerine verilen isim. \u2014> Beril.
\n AS\u0130METR\u0130K RENDELEME, Hobelin ileri ve geri hareketlerini farkl\u0131 seviyelerde yapmas\u0131 suretiyle motorlar\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcnden d\u00fczenli ve e\u015fit \u015fekilde istifade edilmesini sa\u011flayan mekanik kaz\u0131 metodu.
\n AS\u0130TBOR\u0130K, \u00dc\u00e7 de\u011ferli bor asidi (H3BO3). Asit borikli su t\u0131pta antiseptik olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n AS\u0130T KAYA\u00c7, Bile\u015fimlerinde % 65-80 kuars ve alkali feldspat bulunan (granit % 68-72) magmatik kaya\u00e7. \u2014> N\u00f6tr kaya\u00e7.
\n ASKIDA BIRAKILAN TOPUK, 1) \u00dcretim yap\u0131lan yere ramble malzemesinin akmas\u0131na mani olmak veya tahkimata ve \u00fcretim metodunun uygulanmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak gayesi ile tavanda ve yanlarda \u2014> emniyet topu\u011fu olarak b\u0131rak\u0131lan cevher veya k\u00f6m\u00fcr bloklar\u0131. Bu topuklar ileride tamamen veya k\u0131smen al\u0131nabilir. 2) Tavan topu\u011fu.
\n ASKIYA ALMAK, Maden i\u015fletmecili\u011finde istihsali planlanm\u0131\u015f olan bir pano veya blo\u011fun haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131ndan sonra, tavan\u0131n kendi a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile g\u00f6\u00e7mesini sa\u011flamak \u00fczere alt\u0131n\u0131n bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131.
\n ASMA PUSULA, \u2014> Madenci pusulas\u0131.
\n ASP\u0130RAT\u00d6R, 1) Ocak havas\u0131n\u0131 emmeye yarayan tesis. 2) Ak\u0131\u015fkan maddeleri ya da tozlar\u0131 emmeye yarayan ayg\u0131t. \u2014> Vantilat\u00f6r.
\n ASTAR, Mermer madencili\u011finde, ta\u015f\u0131n arkas\u0131na ba\u015fka malzeme ile yap\u0131lan dolgu.
\n ASTRALON, Bir firman\u0131n im\u00e2l etti\u011fi harita altl\u0131\u011f\u0131.
\n ASTARYA, \u2014> Starya.
\n A\u015eA\u011eIDAN YUKARI RAMBLEL\u0130 AYAK \u0130\u015eLETME METODU, Dik yat\u0131ml\u0131 veya kitle halindeki maden yataklar\u0131nda \u2014> Ba\u015fyukar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k ayak i\u015fletme metodunda oldu\u011fu gibi haz\u0131rl\u0131k yap\u0131larak kaz\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131lan cevher alt ana nakliyat yolundan al\u0131n\u0131p, rample malzemesi de \u00fcst ana nakliyat yolundan getirilmesi ve b\u00f6ylece al\u0131nan madenin yerine ramble edilip yeni bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma platformu te\u015fkili suretiyle uygulanan us\u00fcl.
\n A\u015eINMA D\u00dcZL\u00dc\u011e\u00dc, \u2014> Peneplen.
\n ATAK, Demiryolunda e\u011fimin fazla oldu\u011fu k\u0131s\u0131m.
\n ATAPULG\u0130T, (OH)2 Mg5 Si8 O2 (H2O)4. 4H2O form\u00fcl\u00fc ile ifade edilen polygorskit grubuna ait sulu bir magnezyum, al\u00fcminyum silikat. Al\u00fcminyum, magnezyum veya silis yerine ge\u00e7ebilir. Absorbant ve adsorbant olarak kullan\u0131lan killerdendir. Bu t\u00fcr killerin, yap\u0131lar\u0131nda mikro g\u00f6zenek ve kanallara ve b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u00fczeye sahip olmalar\u0131 kullan\u0131m alan\u0131n\u0131 belirler.
\n ATE\u015e\u00c7\u0130, 1) \u2014> Barut\u00e7u. 2) Buharl\u0131 lokomotiflerde ve buhar kazanlar\u0131nda kazanda ate\u015fi yakma ile g\u00f6revli ki\u015fi.
\n ATE\u015eE DAYANIKLI MALZEME, \u2014> Refrakter malzeme.
\n ATE\u015eLEME, Kaz\u0131 yapma veya gev\u015fetme ama\u00e7lar\u0131 ile patlay\u0131c\u0131 madde doldurulmu\u015f, s\u0131k\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f la\u011f\u0131m delikleri i\u00e7erisine yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f kaps\u00fcl\u00fcn ve dolay\u0131siyle patlay\u0131c\u0131 maddenin patlat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan i\u015flem.
\n ATE\u015eLEME DEVRELER\u0130, Elektrikle yap\u0131lan ate\u015flemelerde birka\u00e7 la\u011f\u0131m\u0131n; kaps\u00fcl kablolar\u0131n\u0131n birbirleriyle paralel, seri ve kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k ba\u011flanmas\u0131 suretiyle te\u015fkil edilen devre. En son kalan iki u\u00e7 elektrik \u00fcreticisine ba\u011flanarak devre tamamlan\u0131r ve ate\u015flenir.
\n ATE\u015eLEME KABLOLARI, Elektrikli kaps\u00fcl kullan\u0131larak doldurulmu\u015f ve s\u0131k\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f deliklerin ate\u015flenmesi i\u00e7in d\u00f6\u015fenen elektrik kablolar\u0131. Bu kablolar iki hat halinde ikisi de izoleli veya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f hatt\u0131 izolesiz kablo olarak ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 \u00e7ekilir; devre, muayene cihaz\u0131 ile kontrol edilir. \u2014> Elektrikle ate\u015fleme.
\n ATE\u015eLEME KARTU\u015eU, Ate\u015flemeyi sa\u011flayan kaps\u00fcl\u00fc ihtiva eden lokum (kartu\u015f).
\n ATE\u015eLEME MAK\u0130NES\u0130, 1) Elektrikli kaps\u00fclleri ate\u015flemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ta\u015f\u0131nabilir, elle \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck dinamo. Patlay\u0131c\u0131 gaz tehlikesi olan yerlerde elektrik ceryan\u0131 veri\u015f s\u00fcresi \u00e7ok k\u0131sa olan antigrizu ate\u015fleme makinesi kullan\u0131l\u0131r. 2) Manyeto.
\n ATIL POTANS\u0130YEL, \u2014> Potansiyel rezerv.
\n ATIK , Maden oca\u011f\u0131 i\u015fletilmesi, maden zen-ginle\u015ftirilmesi ve metalurjik i\u015flemler uygulan-d\u0131ktan sonra, devreden \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken ve mevcut \u015fartlarda ekonomik de\u011feri bulun-mayan yan \u00fcr\u00fcn.
\n ATIM, Ate\u015fleme i\u015flemi sonunda serbestle\u015fen maden veya \u00f6rt\u00fc tabakas\u0131 kitlesi.
\n ATIM BOYU, Galeri s\u00fcr\u00fclmesinde, ba\u015fyukar\u0131 veya ba\u015fa\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ilerlemelerinde ve kuyu inilmesinde bir at\u0131mda yap\u0131lan \u2014> ilerleme. Bu ilerleme, orta \u00e7ekmenin cinsine ve derinli\u011fine, \u00e7evre la\u011f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n boyuna, patlay\u0131c\u0131 maddeye ve kayac\u0131n mukavemetine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.
\n ATIM PAYI, Patlay\u0131c\u0131 madde ile at\u0131lmas\u0131 istenen yani la\u011f\u0131m deli\u011fi dibi serbest y\u00fczey aras\u0131ndaki k\u0131s\u0131m.<\/p>\n
ATIM Y\u00dcK\u00dc, Kapal\u0131 i\u015fletmelerde delik dibi ile, a\u00e7\u0131k i\u015fletme basamaklar\u0131nda ise delik (la\u011f\u0131m) ekseni ile serbest y\u00fczey aras\u0131nda kalan kitle. Bu kitlenin bir boyutu metre olarak ifade edildi\u011finde, ana kitle ile serbest y\u00fczey aras\u0131ndaki kopar\u0131lma mesafesini ifade eder ki, bu durumda \u201cdilim kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d kavram\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n ATOM SANTRALLARI, \u2014> Elektrik enerjisi \u00fcretim tesisleri.
\n AT\u00d6LYE (ATELYE), 1) Bir zanaatk\u00e2r\u0131n genellikle kol eme\u011fine dayal\u0131 olarak mesle\u011fini uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer, i\u015flik. Madencilikte ocaklar\u0131n karolar\u0131nda maden makinelerinin tamir ve bak\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 motor atelyesi, elektrik atelyesi, marangoz atelyesi (marangozhane), yeralt\u0131nda motor atelyesi vb. i\u015fyerleri. Genel olarak atelyeler \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve \u00fcretim ama\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re marangoz atelyesi, demirci atelyesi vb. \u015fekilde isimlendirilir. 2) Seri \u00fcretim yap\u0131lan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fka bir \u015feyin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir i\u015fyerinde bir grup i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm. D\u00f6k\u00fcm atelyesi, Kal\u0131p at\u00f6lyesi, Montaj atelyesi vb. 3) Bir ressam\u0131n, bir heykeltra\u015f\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 (bir akademide, bir sanat okulunda) \u00f6zel d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f yer. Resim atelyesi, heykel atelyesi, seramik atelyesi.
\n ATTERBERG SKALASI, Desimal sistem baz\u0131nda 2 mm ile ba\u015flayan sediman tane irili\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131flamas\u0131n\u0131n skala olarak derecelendirilmesi. \u00dcr\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleri, baz\u0131 matematik i\u015flemlerden ge\u00e7irilerek tane irili\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131flamas\u0131n\u0131n Avrupada kabul edilen stardard\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.
\n AVADANLIK, Bir i\u015fi yapmak, bir arac\u0131 onarmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan alet tak\u0131m\u0131. \u2014> \u00c2let.
\n AVARE BLOK, \u2014> Moren.
\n AVRUPA E\u015eYA NUMARASI ( EAN), \u2014> Barkod.
\n AUGER M\u0130N\u0130NG, \u2014> Burgu makinesiyle yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131k i\u015fletme metodu.
\n AYAK, Yeralt\u0131 i\u015fletmelerinde, maden i\u00e7erisinde iki galeri aras\u0131nda cephe halinde maden \u00fcretimi yap\u0131lan yer.
\n AYAK BOYU, Damar meyli boyunca alt taban yolu ile \u00fcst taban yolu aras\u0131nda kalan ve \u00f6m\u00fcr al\u0131nan ayak aln\u0131. Ayak damar meyli boyunca d\u00fczenledi\u011fi takdirde ayak boyu pano boyuna e\u015fit olur. Ayak diyagonal olarak d\u00fczenledi\u011fi takdirde ayak boyu pano boyundan daha uzun olur. \u2014> Pano boyu.
\n AYAK \u0130LERLEME HIZI, Aya\u011f\u0131n kaz\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ve belirli bir zaman i\u00e7indeki ilerlemesi. Birim olarak m\/vardiye, m\/g\u00fcn veya m\/ay al\u0131nabilir. Damar kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, ayak boyuna, kaz\u0131 metoduna, jeolojik \u015fartlara ba\u011fl\u0131 olmak \u00fczere bu h\u0131z genellikle 1 m\/g\u00fcn ile 12 m\/g\u00fcn aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015febilir.
\n AYAK \u0130LERLEMES\u0130, Kaz\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde aya\u011f\u0131n metre cinsinden ilerleme miktar\u0131. Bu kavram\u0131n ilerleme h\u0131z\u0131 kavram\u0131ndan fark\u0131, ilerlemenin zaman birimi i\u00e7indeifade edilmeyi\u015fidir.
\n AYAK KONVEY\u00d6R\u00dc, \u2014> Al\u0131n konvey\u00f6r\u00fc.
\n AYAK RANDIMANI, ayak veya bacada yap\u0131lan \u00fcretimin; ayakta veya bacada \u00fcretim i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan i\u015f\u00e7i yevmiyesi say\u0131s\u0131na b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile bulunan (kg\/yev veya t\/yev.) de\u011fer.
\n AYIRIM E\u011eR\u0130S\u0130, \u2014> Tromp e\u011frisi.
\n AYIRMA, 1) Cevherdeki k\u0131ymetli mineralleri (veya t\u00fcvenan k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn i\u00e7inde bulunan kesme, yanta\u015f gibi istenmeyen maddeleri) \u00e7e\u015fitli fiziksel \u00f6zelliklerinden yararlanmak suretiyle birbirinden ve damarta\u015f\u0131 (gang) minerallerinden ay\u0131klama i\u015flemi. Bu i\u015flem, cevher ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr haz\u0131rlama ve zenginle\u015ftirme i\u015fleminin bir a\u015famas\u0131d\u0131r. 2) Zenginle\u015ftirme. \u2014> Renk fark\u0131na g\u00f6re ay\u0131rma, Radyoaktiviteye dayal\u0131 ay\u0131rma.
\n AYIRMA BOYU, \u00dcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u2014> Gran\u00fclomet-resinden hesaplanan ve genellikle b\u00f6l\u00fcnme boyutu veya e\u015fit hatalar boyutu olarak ifade edilen, ay\u0131rman\u0131n olu\u015ftu\u011fu fiili boyut.
\n AYKIRI, 1) Ba\u015fyukar\u0131, ba\u015fa\u015fa\u011f\u0131 gibi ana yollardan ayr\u0131lan ikinci derecedeki k\u0131lavuzlar. 2) Normal olarak damar meylinde s\u00fcr\u00fclen bir ba\u015fyukar\u0131 i\u00e7inde diyagonal olarak ba\u015flanan ikinci ba\u015fyukar\u0131. 3) Gerekti\u011finde a\u00e7\u0131lan ge\u00e7ici ba\u011flant\u0131 yolu. 4) Al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve do\u011fru diye bellenmi\u015f \u015fekle uygun olmayan. 5) Y\u00f6nleri birbirine dikey ya da buna yak\u0131n bir durumda olan. \u2014> K\u0131lavuz, Baca, Ara katl\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7ertmeli ayak i\u015fletme metodu.
\n AYKIRI TABAKALA\u015eMA, Uygun bir tabaka serisinin alt\u0131nda e\u011fimli veya k\u0131vr\u0131ml\u0131 di\u011fer bir tabaka serisinin bulunmas\u0131 halini belirten tabakala\u015fma \u015fekli. Bu iki tabaka serisi ayr\u0131 zamanlarda te\u015fekk\u00fcl etti\u011finden bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131ndaki d\u00fczleme de diskordans d\u00fczlemi ad\u0131 verilir. Genel olarak kontak hatt\u0131nda bir taban (kaide) konglomeras\u0131 bulunur. \u0130ki tabaka d\u00fczlemi aras\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131 fark\u0131 bulunmas\u0131 haline \u201ca\u00e7\u0131l\u0131 diskordans\u201d aralar\u0131nda paralellik bulunmas\u0131 haline \u201cparalel diskordans\u201d, diskordans y\u00fczeyinin her iki tabaka ile kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k olmas\u0131 haline de \u201ckarma diskordans\u201d denir. Diskordans, ayk\u0131r\u0131 (uyumsuz) demektir.<\/p>\n
AYLIK DENET\u0130M, 1) Gerekli \u00f6nlemlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla; tozlu k\u00f6m\u00fcr ocaklar\u0131n\u0131n tavan, taban ve \u00e7evresindeki tozun en az ayda bir kez denetlenmesi. 2) Genel anlamda periyodu bir ay olan denetimler.
\n AYNA, 1) Madencilikte \u2014> al\u0131n. 2) Optikte, bir \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131, yans\u0131ma yasas\u0131na uygun bi\u00e7imde sapt\u0131ran parlak y\u00fczey. 3) Dekoratif sanatlarda yans\u0131ma yolu ile g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc veren parlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f maden par\u00e7as\u0131 ya da arkas\u0131 s\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f cam tabaka. Cam ayna yap\u0131m\u0131nda\u2014> Elektriksiz Kaplama Y\u00f6nteminden yararlan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu ama\u00e7la temiz bir cam y\u00fczey, nitrik asit ve \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan elde edilmi\u015f bir alkol \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi ile, amonyakl\u0131 bir g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan olu\u015fan s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ine dald\u0131r\u0131larak cam y\u00fczeyinin g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ile kaplanmas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r.
\n AYNA DEM\u0130R\u0130, \u2014> Manganl\u0131 \u00e7elik.
\n AYNALI G\u00d6NYE, Birbirini 45\u00b0 lik bir a\u00e7\u0131 ile kesen iki aynadan olu\u015fan bir topo\u011frafik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc cihaz\u0131. D\u00fcz ve hafif meyilli arazide bir noktadan belirli bir do\u011fruya dik \u00e7izmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u2014> Prizma, Mimari g\u00f6nye, \u00c7ift be\u015fgen prizma.
\n AYIRMA YO\u011eUNLU\u011eU, \u2014> A\u011f\u0131r mayi, Y\u0131kama e\u011frisi.
\n AYIKLAMA, Zenginle\u015ftirmeye tabi tutulan cevherin veya k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn ya i\u00e7indeki yabanc\u0131 maddelerin veya cevher veya k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn el ile se\u00e7ilmesi. 2) Tavuklama. 3) \u2014> Krible. 4) Triyaj.
\n AYNA, Metal madencili\u011finde \u2014> Al\u0131n.
\n AYRIK KAYA\u00c7, Sular taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fcr\u00fcklenen ve al\u00fcvyon ad\u0131 verilen kum, m\u0131c\u0131r, \u00e7ak\u0131l, vb. par\u00e7alardan ibaret kaya\u00e7. R\u00fczgarlar\u0131n s\u00fcr\u00fckledi\u011fi kumlar ile buzullar taraf\u0131ndan ta\u015f\u0131nan morenler ve avare bloklar ve da\u011f yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda biriken molozlar da ayr\u0131k kaya\u00e7lard\u0131r.
\n AYRILIM Y\u00dcZEY\u0130, Mermer i\u015fletmecili\u011finde katsal ta\u015flar\u0131n mass\u0131n i\u00e7indeki katlar aras\u0131 y\u00fczeyleri. Mass\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 bu y\u00fczeyde kolay olur.
\n AYTA\u015eI, Mavimsi gri renkte ve \u00e7ok iyi cila tutan bir feldispat t\u00fcr\u00fc. Adular, sanidin ve baz\u0131 plajyoklaslar\u0131n iyi \u0131\u015f\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tatl\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131ldama g\u00f6steren \u00e7e\u015fitleri, bu \u015fekilde isimlendirilir.
\n AZ BULUNAN \u00d6NEML\u0130 METALLER, Volframit (Fe, Mn) WO4, \u015eelit (Ca WO4) Vanadinit [ Pb5 (Vo4)3 Cl ], Molibdenit (MoS2), kolonbit (Fe,Mn) Cb2O6 ve tantalit (Fe,Mn) Ta2O6, Beril Be3Al2 (SiO3)6. Monazit Ce PO4 gibi minerallerinden elde edilen metaller.
\n AZ\u0130MUT, 1) G\u00f6zlem yap\u0131lan nokta ile g\u00f6zlenen noktadan ge\u00e7en do\u011frunun i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu dik d\u00fczlemin, saat ibresinin hareketi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde g\u00f6zlem yap\u0131lan nokta ile k\u00fczey istikametinin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu dik d\u00fczlem (meridyen d\u00fczlemi) aras\u0131ndaki yatay a\u00e7\u0131. 2) Semt a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131.3) Y\u00f6n a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131.<\/p>\n
AZOT , Nefes almada herhangi bir etkisi olmayan renksiz, kokusuz, lezzetsiz, atom numaras\u0131 7, atom k\u00fctlesi 14,006 olan havaya g\u00f6re yo\u011funlu\u011fu 0,97, kaynama noktas\u0131 -210\u00b0C ( O\u00b0C ve 760 mm civa bas\u0131nc\u0131 alt\u0131nda), yo\u011funlu\u011fu 1,2505 kg\/m3 olan kimyasal element ( gaz madde).
\n \u00c7o\u011funlukla azot, maden ocaklar\u0131nda teneff\u00fcs, yang\u0131n ve patlama olaylar\u0131nda oksijeni k\u0131smen veya tamamen \u00e7ekilen hava kitlesinin bakiyesini te\u015fkil eder, k\u00f6m\u00fcr damarlar\u0131nda veya bunlar\u0131 kaplayan kaya\u00e7lar\u0131n bo\u015fluklar\u0131nda ve yar\u0131klar\u0131nda ve k\u0131smen de mineral ve potasyum tuzu yataklar\u0131nda hidrojenle birlikte \u00f6nemli miktarda bulunabilir. Ayr\u0131ca ocaklarda kullan\u0131lan patlay\u0131c\u0131 maddelerin gazlar\u0131nda da bulunur.
\n AZOT OKS\u0130TLER\u0130 ( N2O, NO, NO2), K\u00f6m\u00fcr yang\u0131n\u0131 gazlar\u0131nda, patlamayan la\u011f\u0131mlarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan, nefes almada bo\u011fucu ve yak\u0131c\u0131 bir etki yapan ve genel bir ifade olarak \u201c Nitros\u201d ad\u0131 verilen gaz maddeler.
\n Nitros gazlar\u0131 meyan\u0131nda bazan yang\u0131n gazlar\u0131nda bulunan esasen renksiz fakat havan\u0131n oksijeni ile birle\u015fince sar\u0131 k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkte ve solunuma elveri\u015fsiz bir \u015fekilde NO2 ye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen NO ile koyu k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, solunuma elveri\u015fsiz bir gaz olan N2O \u00e7ok tehlikeli ve \u00e7o\u011funlukla yang\u0131n gazlar\u0131n\u0131n solunumunda karbonmonoksitten fazla etkili olur. Nitros gazlar\u0131 patlamayan, yanan la\u011f\u0131m at\u0131mlar\u0131nda hissedilen keskin ve yak\u0131c\u0131 koku ile beraber yay\u0131lan sar\u0131 k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131mtrak renkteki duman i\u00e7inde de bulunur.<\/p>\n
B<\/p>\n
BACA, 1) K\u00f6m\u00fcr ocaklar\u0131nda k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn kaz\u0131larak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer veya kara tumba metodu ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan panolarda s\u00fcr\u00fclen k\u0131lavuz ve ba\u015fyukar\u0131lar. 2) Cevher i\u00e7inde a\u00e7\u0131lan bo\u015fluk. 3) Kazanlarda, f\u0131r\u0131nlarda, sobalarda ve ocaklarda zararl\u0131 gazlar\u0131n yanmas\u0131 sonucu meydana gelen gazlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131 atmak ve l\u00fczumlu \u00e7eki\u015fi sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan sistem. BACACI RANDIMANI, \u2014> Ayak rand\u0131man\u0131.
\n BAGER, 1) \u00d6rt\u00fc tabakas\u0131n\u0131 veya madeni kaz\u0131yarak y\u00fcklemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan, elektrik, mazot veya bezinle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, \u00e7arkl\u0131 (d\u00f6ner kep\u00e7eli), zincirli, kep\u00e7eli vb. tipleri olan, paletler veya y\u00fcr\u00fcme tak\u0131m\u0131 \u00fczerine monte edilmi\u015f a\u011f\u0131r i\u015f makinas\u0131. 2) Ekskavat\u00f6r. \u2014> Dreglayn, D\u00f6ner kep\u00e7eli ekskavat\u00f6r, Kep\u00e7eli bager, Aktar\u0131c\u0131 kaz\u0131c\u0131, anma kapasitesi.
\n BA\u011e, Normal olarak iki yan direk ve bir boyunduruktan ibaret a\u011fa\u00e7 veya madeni tahkimat \u00fcnitesi. Kullan\u0131lan malzemeye g\u00f6re ba\u011f\u0131n tavan k\u0131sm\u0131 yar\u0131m daire, sepet kulpu, \u00e7ok d\u00f6\u015feli (\u2014> Poligon tahkimat\u0131) oldu\u011fu gibi tamam\u0131 daire, dikd\u00f6rtgen ve \u00e7okgen \u015feklinde de yap\u0131l\u0131r. Ba\u011f yapmakla g\u00f6revli i\u015f\u00e7ilere ba\u011fc\u0131 denir. \u2014> Galeri tahkimat\u0131.
\n BA\u011eIMSIZ SERBEST ZAMAN, \u2014> \u015eebeke planlamas\u0131.
\n BA\u011eLAMA K\u0130L\u0130, Kaolinit t\u00fcr\u00fc killerin alt grubu olup \u201c Ball Clay\u201d olarak da bilinir. Ba\u011flama killeri, kaolenlerden daha ince tane yap\u0131s\u0131na sahiptirler ve daha fazla emp\u00fcrite i\u00e7erirler. \u00d6zellikle karbonat miktar\u0131 fazlad\u0131r. Ba\u011flama killerinin i\u00e7indeki emp\u00fcritelerin \u00e7oklu\u011fu ve \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi \u00f6zellikle \u0131s\u0131 ile renk de\u011fi\u015fimi \u00f6zelli\u011fini kazand\u0131r\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n su absorbe ve plastik \u00f6zellikleri daha fazlad\u0131r. Kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131na g\u00f6re; a) Seramik sanayiinde kullan\u0131lanlar, b) Yapay a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar, emaye gibi di\u011fer sanayi dallar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lanlar olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr killerin kullan\u0131m spesifikasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zellik ise i\u00e7indeki emp\u00fcritelerdir, \u2014> Kil.
\n BA\u011eLANTI KANCASI, \u00c7atal raptiye.<\/p>\n
BA\u011eLANTI PABUCU, 1) Madeni ba\u011flar\u0131n itme-ye kar\u015f\u0131 birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131, ba\u011flar\u0131n e\u015fit aral\u0131klarla ba\u011flanmalar\u0131n\u0131 ve f\u0131r\u00e7alar\u0131n yerinde durmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaya yarayan iki ucu t\u0131rnak \u015feklinde b\u00fck\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f madeni par\u00e7a. 2) Tahkimat lamas\u0131.<\/p>\n
BA\u011eLI POL\u0130GON, \u2014> Poligon.
\n BA\u011e PABUCU, Madeni ba\u011f par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flayan ve ba\u011f\u0131n bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan \u00f6zel imal edilmi\u015f par\u00e7a.
\n BA\u011eTAM\u0130R HALKASI, Bozulan ba\u011flar\u0131n veya k\u0131r\u0131lan direklerin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinde kullan\u0131lan s\u00fcrenleri tutan (ray, a\u011fa\u00e7 vb.) ve yan dire\u011fe tak\u0131larak kullan\u0131lan \u00f6zel halka.\u2014> Tahkimat takviyesi.
\n BAKA P\u0130STON, Y\u0131kama kasas\u0131. \u2014> Jig.
\n BAKIR, Kimyasal simgesi Cu, rengi ve \u00e7izgisi bak\u0131r k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131, sertli\u011fi 2,3, \u00f6zg\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 8,93 gr\/cm3 ergime derecesi 1080\u00b0C, olan ince levha ve tel h\u00e2line sokulabilen, \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 iyi ge\u00e7iren, iletkenli\u011fi y\u00fcksek, kullan\u0131m sahas\u0131 \u00e7ok geni\u015f metal. Bak\u0131r\u0131n kristal yap\u0131s\u0131 k\u00fcbiktir. Alevi ye\u015file boyar, asitlerde kolay \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr. Nabit bak\u0131r olarak tabiatta ender rastlan\u0131r; s\u00fclfitli ve oksitli bak\u0131r cevherlerinden zenginle\u015ftirme ve izabe yoluyla metalik bak\u0131r elde edilir. En \u00f6nemli bak\u0131r cevherleri: kalkopirit (CuFeS2) , kovelin (CuS), bornit (Cu5FeS4), kuprit (Cu2O) , kalkosit (Cu2S), krizokol (CuSiO32H2O) malakit [ Cu Co3. Cu (OH)2] ve azurit [ 2 Cu CO3 Cu (OH)2 ] .
\n BAKIR ALA\u015eIMLARI, Bak\u0131ra; \u00e7inko, kalay, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, nikel gibi metallerin kat\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucu elde edilen \u00fcr\u00fcnler (\u2014> Ala\u015f\u0131m). Bak\u0131ra ba\u015fka elementlerin kat\u0131lmas\u0131, eletrik ve \u0131s\u0131 iletkenliklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr ama mekanik \u00f6zellikleri artt\u0131r\u0131r, erimede kal\u0131plama kolayl\u0131klar\u0131 sa\u011flar (saf bak\u0131ra nazaran daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck erime noktas\u0131 ve daha iyi d\u00f6k\u00fcm) ve \u00f6zellikle tuzlu ortamlarda, a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmaya kar\u015f\u0131 daha iyi dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k kazand\u0131r\u0131r.
\n Bak\u0131r ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 iki ana grupta toplamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. 1) Bak\u0131r\u0131n d\u00f6k\u00fcm ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 ve 2) Bak\u0131r\u0131n i\u015flenmi\u015f ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131. a) Pirin\u00e7ler (k\u0131z\u0131l pirin\u00e7ler, sar\u0131 pirin\u00e7ler, silis pirinci) (\u2014> Pirin\u00e7) , b) Bronzlar veya tun\u00e7lar (silis bronzlar\u0131, kalay bronzlar\u0131, nikel-kalay bronzlar\u0131, al\u00fcminyum bronzlar\u0131), c) Bak\u0131r-nikel ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131, d) Kur\u015funlu bak\u0131r ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131, e) Bak\u0131r, nikel, \u00e7inko ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131; bak\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6k\u00fcm ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 grubuna girerler. Bak\u0131r\u0131n i\u015flenmi\u015f ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ise a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00fcr\u00fcnler olu\u015fturur:
\n a) Pirin\u00e7ler (kur\u015funlu pirin\u00e7ler, kalay pirinci, k\u0131z\u0131l pirin\u00e7), b) Bronzlar (fosfor bronzu, kur\u015funlu fosfor bronzu, al\u00fcminyum bronzu, silis bronzu), c) Bak\u0131r-nikeller (bak\u0131rl\u0131 nikel) , d) Bak\u0131r-nikel-\u00e7inko ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 (nikel g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f\u00fc). Bak\u0131r\u0131n \u00e7inko ile yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ala\u015f\u0131mlara genel olarak pirin\u00e7 denir. Pirin\u00e7, en yayg\u0131n bak\u0131r ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 olup; \u00e7ubuk, levha, \u015ferit, boru (\u00f6zellikle kondenser borular\u0131) ve pres d\u00f6k\u00fcm \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u015feklinde geni\u015f kullan\u0131m alan\u0131 bulur. Sanayide kullan\u0131lan yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 \u00e7e\u015fit pirin\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Pirin\u00e7ler yap\u0131lar\u0131nda bulunan bak\u0131r y\u00fczdesine g\u00f6re ticari ad al\u0131rlar. Bak\u0131r\u0131n \u00e7inko d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan di\u011fer metallerle yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ala\u015f\u0131mlara bronz denir ve bunlar ala\u015f\u0131m yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki metalin ad\u0131 ile an\u0131l\u0131r. Bak\u0131r\u0131n nikelle yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ala\u015f\u0131mlara ise nikel-g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f veya \u2014> Alman g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ad\u0131 verilir. Ticari \u00f6neme sahip 20 \u00e7e\u015fit bronz ve 5 \u00e7e\u015fit nikel ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 vard\u0131r.
\n BAKIR \u00c7EL\u0130\u011e\u0130, \u0130\u00e7ine % 3,0 Cu ilave edilerek elde edilen korozyona mukavim \u00e7elik.
\n BAKIR \u0130NGOTU, Yeniden eritildikten sonra \u015fekillendirilen, 20-35 libre aras\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan ve daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7alara k\u0131r\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in genellikle \u00e7entiklenmi\u015f bak\u0131r k\u00fcl.
\n BAKIR \u0130PE\u011e\u0130, Tekstil sanayiinde kullan\u0131lan ve bak\u0131r s\u00fclfat\u0131n kat\u0131lmas\u0131 ile elde edilen bir cins yapay ipek. Pamuk ya\u011f\u0131ndan temizlenen pamuk art\u0131klar\u0131 (lentersler) bak\u0131r s\u00fclfat ile sodyum hidroksitten elde edilen hamura iyice kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m i\u00e7ine, indirgen il\u00e2ve edilmi\u015f koyu amonyak eriyi\u011finde iyice eritilip s\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcr ve kal\u0131nt\u0131, i\u00e7inde bulunan havadan tamamen ar\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra, 250-750 mikron delikleri bulunan kevgirden bask\u0131yla ge\u00e7irilir. Bu \u015fekilde elde edilen lifler \u00f6nce dondurma banyosundan ve sonra da \u00e7ekme i\u015fleminden ge\u00e7irilerek viskoz ipe\u011fine benzeyen bak\u0131r ipe\u011fi elde edilir.
\n BAKIR L\u0130\u00c7\u0130, Klasik bak\u0131r hidrometalurjisi. \u2014> Ek-9. Hidrometalurjik bak\u0131r \u00fcretimi, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ten\u00f6rl\u00fc cevher ve madencilik i\u015flem art\u0131klar\u0131ndaki bak\u0131r minerallerinin uygun s\u0131v\u0131larla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fclmesine, yani li\u00e7ine dayan\u0131r. Metal y\u00fckl\u00fc li\u00e7 sol\u00fcsyonlar\u0131ndan bak\u0131r hurda veya s\u00fcnger demirle \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fcr\u00fclerek (\u2014> \u015eekil)veya elektroliz yoluyla kazan\u0131l\u0131r. \u2014> Bak\u0131r \u00fcretimi. Li\u00e7 yapmak suretiyle bak\u0131r \u00fcretimi; <\/p>\n
a) Yerinde (\u0130n-Situ) Li\u00e7 : Cevher bulundu\u011fu yerde ve \u00e7ok basit baz\u0131 madencilik i\u015flemlerini takiben li\u00e7 edilir.
\n b) Y\u0131\u011fma li\u00e7: Cevher \u201c madencilik i\u015flemleri ile bulundu\u011fu yerden \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131p taban\u0131 ge\u00e7irgen olmayan bir b\u00f6lgeye y\u0131\u011f\u0131l\u0131r ve \u00fczerine li\u00e7 sol\u00fcsyonu d\u00f6k\u00fclerek li\u00e7 edilir.
\n c) S\u00fcz\u00fclme (Perkolasyon) li\u00e7i: K\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f cevher b\u00fcy\u00fck tanklara doldurularak ve li\u00e7 sol\u00fcsyonu a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan yukar\u0131 veya ters y\u00f6nde hareket ettirilerek li\u00e7 edilir.
\n d) Kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma Li\u00e7i: \u00d6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f cevher veya zenginle\u015ftirme tesisinden elde edilen konsantre, tanklar i\u00e7inde li\u00e7 sol\u00fcsyonu ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak li\u00e7 edilir.\u2014> Li\u00e7ing.
\n Genel olarak kullan\u0131lan li\u00e7 sol\u00fcsyonlar\u0131, silisli gang i\u00e7eren bak\u0131r cevherleri i\u00e7in s\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit, karbonatl\u0131 gang i\u00e7erenler veya nabit bak\u0131r i\u00e7in ise amonyakl\u0131 sol\u00fcsyonlard\u0131r. Bunlar i\u00e7inde en uygun olarak tatbik edileni asit li\u00e7tir.
\n 1947 y\u0131l\u0131nda Colmer ve Hinkle ilk defa s\u00fclf\u00fcrl\u00fc minerallerin li\u00e7inde bakterilerin de rol oynad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ispatlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bunu takiben yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, bilhassa bak\u0131r ve uranyum madenlerinden \u00e7\u0131kan sular\u0131n bakterilerle y\u00fckl\u00fc olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Maden sular\u0131nda bulunan en \u00f6nemli bakteriler, bunlar\u0131n ya\u015famalar\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli enerji kaynaklar\u0131 ve en fazla bulunduklar\u0131 pH aral\u0131klar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir.\u2014> \u00c7izelge.
\n Son y\u0131llardaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ise; li\u00e7 ile metal \u00fcretimini h\u0131zland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bakterilerin optimum bir \u015fekilde nas\u0131l kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ve biyoloji m\u00fchendisli\u011findeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda \u201c yaln\u0131z bakteriler yard\u0131m\u0131 ile li\u00e7 \u201c yapan tesislerin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lma ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 \u015feklindedir.<\/p>\n
BAKIR \u00dcRET\u0130M\u0130, Bak\u0131r cevherlerinden, s\u00fclfitli, oksitli veya kompleks bak\u0131r konsantrelerinden bak\u0131r elde edilmesi. Bu i\u015flem; \u00e7e\u015fitli pirometalurjik, hidrometalurjik ve \u2014> Elektrometalurjik y\u00f6ntemlerle yap\u0131l\u0131r. Pirometalurji y\u00f6ntemleri; s\u00fclf\u00fcrl\u00fc, oksitli ve nabit bak\u0131r cevherlerine; \u2014> Hidrometalurjiy\u00f6ntemleri, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ten\u00f6rl\u00fc oksitli bak\u0131r cevherlerine uygulan\u0131r. Elektrometalurjik y\u00f6ntemler ise, bir safla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemi olup, hidrometalurjik ve pirometalurjik i\u015flemlerden sonra uygulan\u0131r. Pirometalurjik y\u00f6ntemler ile elde edilen ve saf olmayan bak\u0131r, elektrolitik rafinasyona tabi tutularak saf katot bak\u0131ra \u00e7evrilir. Bu arada bak\u0131r, elektroliz i\u015fleminden \u00f6nce, i\u00e7indeki yabanc\u0131 maddelerden \u00f6nemli k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinden ay\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ate\u015fle rafinasyona tabi tutulur. Benzer \u015fekilde hidrometalurjik y\u00f6ntemlerle \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye al\u0131nan bak\u0131r da elektroliz i\u015flemi ile katotta saf olarak toplan\u0131r. Elektroliz sonucu elde edilen \u2014> Katot bak\u0131r\u2019a, daha sonraki \u015fekillendirme i\u015flemlerinde istenen fiziksel \u00f6zellikleri (s\u00fcneklik, mukavemet, sertlik gibi) kazand\u0131rmak i\u00e7in tekrar ate\u015f rafinasyonu uygulan\u0131r. Oksijensiz y\u00fcksek iletgenlik \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahip bak\u0131r (OFHC) \u00fcretilecek ise, katot bak\u0131r, ate\u015f rafinasyonuna tabi tutulmaks\u0131z\u0131n, koruyucu gaz ortam\u0131nda ergitilmek suretiyle\u2014> \u0130ngot veya profil \u015feklinde d\u00f6k\u00fclebilir.
\n Pirometalurjik bak\u0131r \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemlerini;
\n 1. End\u00fcstriyel uygulan\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ispatlanm\u0131\u015f konvansiyonel teknolojiler,
\n 2. End\u00fcstriyel uygulan\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ispatlanm\u0131\u015f yeni teknolojiler,
\n 3. End\u00fcstriyel uygulan\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hen\u00fcz (1996) ispatlanmam\u0131\u015f yeni teknolojiler olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 gruba; ay\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. 1inci gruba ya\u015f beslemeli reverber izabesi, kalsine beslemeli reverber izabesi, elektrikli f\u0131r\u0131n izabesi, \u2014> Otokumpu fla\u015f izabesi, Inco fla\u015f izabesi; 2inci gruba \u2014> Noranda y\u00f6ntemi,\u2014> Mitsubishi y\u00f6ntemi, Oksijen-yak\u0131t (OXY-fuel) reverber izabesi; ve 3 \u00fcnc\u00fc gruba ise,\u2014> Top blown konverter izabesi, \u2014> QSL y\u00f6ntemi, Oxygen Sprinkle izabesi, AMAX dead roast blast f\u0131r\u0131n izabesi, segregation prosesi, thermo-electron chlorination prosesi girerler. Klasik pirometalurjik y\u00f6ntemlerle bak\u0131r \u00fcretimi \u015femas\u0131 \u015fekilde verilmi\u015ftir.\u2014> Ek-10 Hidrometalurjik y\u00f6ntemlerde; karbonatl\u0131; silikatl\u0131, s\u00fclfatl\u0131 bak\u0131r minerallerinden bak\u0131rca fakir olanlar\u0131 (% 1 den az Cu), i\u00e7erisinde % 1-2 Cu olan cevherler ve oksitli bak\u0131r konsantreleri veya kavrulmu\u015f s\u00fclf\u00fcrler, \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterilen i\u015flemlerden ge\u00e7tikten sonra katot bak\u0131r elde edilir.\u2014> Ek-9. Okside cevherlerden bak\u0131r \u00fcretimi d\u00fcnya bak\u0131r \u00fcretiminin yakla\u015f\u0131k % 10 kadar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lar.
\n BAKIR \u00dcR\u00dcNLER\u0130, Metalik bak\u0131r elde edilmesi amac\u0131yla ve end\u00fcstrideki kullan\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma. Buna g\u00f6re en genel anlamda bak\u0131r \u00fcr\u00fcnleri iki grupta toplan\u0131r. Bunlar 1) Yar\u0131 bitmi\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnler ve. 2) Bitmi\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnlerdir. Bak\u0131r konsantresi (Konsantre),\u2014> Blister bak\u0131r, rafine (anot) bak\u0131r (\u2014> Y\u00fcksek kaliteli bak\u0131r) ve katot bak\u0131r (\u2014> Standart katot bak\u0131r\u0131) yar\u0131 bitmi\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnler grubuna dahildir. Bitmi\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnler de a) Elektrolitik \u00fcr\u00fcnler (\u2014> Filma\u015fin,tel,blok,takoz; levha, lama, \u015ferit; \u00e7ubuk, boru,profil.)
\n b) Elektrolitik olmayan \u00fcr\u00fcnler (levha, lama, \u015ferit \u00e7ubuk,boru,profil). ve c) Ala\u015f\u0131mlar olarak \u00fc\u00e7 gruba ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar.\u2014> Bak\u0131r ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131.
\n BAK\u0130YE MADEN YATA\u011eI, \u2014> Otokton maden yata\u011f\u0131.
\n BAKTER\u0130LER\u0130N M\u0130NERALLER\u0130N L\u0130\u00c7\u0130NE ETK\u0130LER\u0130,\u2014> Bak\u0131r Li\u00e7i.
\n BALAST, 1) Demiryolu d\u00f6\u015femesinde traverslerin alt\u0131na, karayollar\u0131nda d\u00fczeltilmi\u015f toprak veya blokaj \u00fczerine d\u00f6\u015fenen k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ta\u015flar. 2) K\u0131rmata\u015f.
\n BALAST TA\u015eI,Mermer i\u015fletmecili\u011finde, 3-7 cm aras\u0131ndaki ebatlarda k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ta\u015f. \u2014> Balast.
\n BALATA, Motorlu ara\u00e7larda ve vin\u00e7lerde fren yapmay\u0131 sa\u011flayan tambur, kampana veya disk \u00fczerine yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f yar\u0131m ay bi\u00e7imindeki fren koluna \u00e7ak\u0131lan a\u015f\u0131nma par\u00e7as\u0131. \u2014> Takoz.
\n BALGAM TA\u015eI, Bir kalsedon minerali olan jaspisin ye\u015fil damarl\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc. Balgamta\u015f\u0131 deyimi alaca somaki veya m\u00fchresenk de denilen oniks i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131l\u0131r, \u2014> M\u00fchresenk.
\n BALIK KUYRU\u011eU MATKAP, \u2014> Softbit.
\n BALONLA\u015eTIRMA, \u2014> Haznele\u015ftirme.
\n BALTA, 1) Kablolu sondajda kullan\u0131lan delici u\u00e7 (matkap). 2) A\u011fa\u00e7 kesmeye yarayan gere\u00e7.
\n BALTATA\u015eI, \u2014> Ye\u015fimta\u015f\u0131.
\n BALYOS, 1) \u00c7ok iri ve a\u011f\u0131r \u00e7eki\u00e7. 2) Tokmak (K\u00f6m\u00fcr madencili\u011finde). 3) Varyos. Keskin ucu sapa dik olana \u201cd\u00fcz balyos\u201d, paralel olana \u201c\u00e7apraz balyos\u201d denir.
\n BANCHMARKING, 1) Bilgile\u015fim 2) Ekonomide sekt\u00f6r i\u00e7inde rekabet, sekt\u00f6r d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda i\u015fbirli\u011fi esas\u0131na dayanan, bo\u015fa zaman harcanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyip geli\u015ftirme ve yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011fa sarfedilecek zaman\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131yan, rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 kalite arac\u0131. Bu sayede sekt\u00f6r i\u00e7inde \u00fcst\u00fcn uygulamalar tespit edilir, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r h\u00e2le getirilir; adapte edilerek deneyim ve bilgilerin payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve transferi sa\u011flan\u0131r. Daha iyi yapandan \u00f6\u011frenilir veya daha iyi yapan \u00f6\u011fretir; bu \u015fekilde zaman ve kaynak tasarruf edilir. B\u00f6ylece tasarruf edilen zaman geli\u015ftirme ve yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ayr\u0131l\u0131r. 3) Entegre tedarik zinciri. Rek\u00e2bet ve maliyet fakt\u00f6rlerinin uygulanmas\u0131 madencilik faaliyetlerinde eskisinden daha \u00e7ok \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Banchmarking\u2019in madencili\u011fe katk\u0131 arac\u0131 olarak girmesi bu y\u00f6nde olumlu geli\u015fmeler sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.
\n BANK, Mermer i\u015fletmecili\u011finde iki yatak sath\u0131 aras\u0131nda kalan ta\u015f tabakas\u0131.
\n BANDJASP,\u2014> Jasp.
\n BANT, 1) Devaml\u0131 nakliye yapan \u00fcnite. 2) Devaml\u0131 nakliye yapan \u00fcnitenin keten veya \u00e7elik kordlu (\u00f6rg\u00fc ile peki\u015ftirilmi\u015f) l\u00e2stik, PVC vb. madde kapl\u0131 kendine mahsus standard\u0131 olan maden veya ta\u015f ta\u015f\u0131ma kay\u0131\u015f\u0131. Kullan\u0131m ama\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re bantlar de\u011fi\u015fik tiplerde \u00fcretilirler. Genel olarak a) \u00c7elik kordlu, b) Tekstil kordlu bantlar olmak \u00fczere iki ana gruba ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar. \u00c7elik kordlu bantlar da karkas yap\u0131m \u015fekillerine g\u00f6re, \u00e7elik \u00f6rg\u00fcl\u00fc bant ve \u00e7elik halatl\u0131 bant olarak ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Tekstil kordlu bantlar\u0131; pamuk dokulu, polyamit dokulu, polyester dokulu, aramit dokulu ve yapay ipek dokulu bantlar olu\u015fturur. \u00c7elik \u00f6rg\u00fcl\u00fc bantlar, genellikle 500-3000 mm geni\u015fli\u011finde olmak \u00fczere en\u00e7ok 250 m uzunluklarda \u00fcretilirler.
\n BANT ARABASI, Ana i\u015f makinesinin ilerleme ve hareket sahas\u0131n\u0131 ve kabiliyetini art\u0131rmak \u2014> D\u00f6ner kep\u00e7eli ekskavat\u00f6r (kaz\u0131c\u0131) ile bant konvey\u00f6r veya bant konvey\u00f6r ile \u2014> D\u00f6k\u00fcc\u00fc makine aras\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan, paletleri \u00fczerinde hareket edebilen bir ba\u011flant\u0131 makinesi, \u2014> \u015eekil. a) Veri\u015f bumu sa\u011fa sola hareketli. At\u0131\u015f bumu da veri\u015f bumuna uyumlu hareket d\u00fczenini haiz olup, ayr\u0131ca her iki bum a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131p indirilebilir. b) Sa\u011fa sola hareketli d\u00fczene sahip ve her iki bum yukar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 hareket ettirilebilir. <\/p>\n
BANT EKLEME, Montaj s\u0131ras\u0131nda veya kopma durumlar\u0131nda band\u0131n iki ucunun ba\u011flanarak sonsuz bant haline getirme i\u015flemi. Bu i\u015flem, t\u0131rnaklar veya mente\u015fe ba\u011flar\u0131yla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilir; s\u0131cak kau\u00e7uk kaynak (vulkani-zasyon) vas\u0131tas\u0131yla tekstil veya \u00e7elik halat \u00f6zl\u00fc bantlarda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclemez (birbirinden ayr\u0131lamaz) bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131l\u0131r. Ekleme yeri, 0 ila % 40\u2019a varan bant zay\u0131flamas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furabilir.
\n BANT KANTARI, Rulolar \u00fczerine gelen a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k ve hand h\u0131z\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla, ta\u015f\u0131nan malzemenin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tartmaya yarayan d\u00fczen.
\n BANT KONVEY\u00d6R, Bir tahrik tamburu yard\u0131m\u0131yla band\u0131n makaralar \u00fczerinden \u00e7ekildi\u011fi m\u00e2lzeme ta\u015f\u0131ma d\u00fczeni. Bant konvey\u00f6rlerde gerdirme d\u00fczenleri \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde im\u00e2l edilir. Bant tahrik tamburu, band s\u0131y\u0131r\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
BANT SIYIRICI, Bant tesisinde malzeme naklinde band\u0131n alt y\u00fczeyine d\u00f6k\u00fclebilecek malzemenin tamburla bant aras\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erek banda zarar vermemesi i\u00e7in kuyruk tamburundan \u00f6nce band\u0131n hareket y\u00f6n\u00fcne g\u00f6re diyagonal olarak yerle\u015ftirilen ve alt kenar\u0131na kau\u00e7uk tak\u0131lan bant y\u00fczeyinin korunmas\u0131na yarayan sac levha. (\u2014> \u015eekil). Bant tesisinde a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 gerdirme tamburunun bulunmas\u0131 halinde a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k tamburunun ve band\u0131n korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gergi sistemi \u00f6ncesi bant kay\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fczerine konulan s\u0131y\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 d\u00fczene de bant silgisi denir.
\n BANT S\u0130LG\u0130S\u0130, \u2014> Bant S\u0131y\u0131r\u0131c\u0131.
\n BANT TAHR\u0130K TAMBURU, Bant kay\u0131\u015f\u0131na hareket veren tambur. Bant boyunun uzun olmas\u0131 halinde bir bant tesisinde birden fazla tahrik tamburu kullan\u0131labilir.(\u2014-> \u015eekil) \u00c7ift tahrik tamburlu olarak kurulan bir tesiste tahrik tamburlar\u0131 bant ba\u015f\u0131na veya biri bant ba\u015f\u0131na di\u011feri bant kuyru\u011funa konabilir. Bant tamburlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ap\u0131 ise; tambur y\u00fczeyinin, (s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme katsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak bak\u0131m\u0131ndan) seramik, \u00e7elik vb. malzeme ile kapl\u0131 olmas\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir.\u2014> Bant Konvey\u00f6r, Bant S\u0131y\u0131r\u0131c\u0131, Bant.
\n BARAJ, Yeralt\u0131 i\u015fletmelerinde yang\u0131n, su, zararl\u0131 gazlar veya infilakin ba\u015fka panolara (i\u015fyerlerine) yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, galerilerden hava, gaz ve su ge\u00e7irmesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan s\u0131zd\u0131rmaz engel. Barajlar\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131nda kum torbalar\u0131, kil, yap\u0131 malzemeleri vb. maddeler kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n BARAJ KAPISI, Su bask\u0131n\u0131na veya su patlamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 oca\u011f\u0131 veya oca\u011f\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc emniyete almak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan baraj i\u00e7ine yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f diren\u00e7li, bombeli, \u00e7elik kap\u0131, \u2014> Bekleme baraj\u0131.
\n BAREL\u0130 K\u00d6M\u00dcR, \u2014> Mikst.
\n BARBARA SANCTA (Azize), Din kurban\u0131 bakire. M.S. 235\u2019te \u0130zmit\u2019te (Nikomedia) \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Sancta Barbara y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m \u00e7arpmas\u0131na ve ani \u00f6l\u00fcme kar\u015f\u0131 insanlar\u0131 koruyan bir ermi\u015f olarak kabul edilmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca top\u00e7u s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, madenci, duvarc\u0131 ve mahpuslar\u0131n koruyucusu addedilir. Her y\u0131l 4 aral\u0131k\u2019ta d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda madenciler g\u00fcn\u00fc kutlan\u0131r ve Sancta Barbara an\u0131l\u0131r.
\n BARET, 1) Can g\u00fcvenli\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan madende veya tehlikeli yerlerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara verilen sert bir maddeden (k\u00f6sele, preslenmi\u015f mukavva, al\u00fcminyum veya plastik) yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u015fapka. Enerji nakil hatlar\u0131n\u0131n tehlike arzetti\u011fiyerlerde iletken olmayan baret kullan\u0131l\u0131r. 2) Emniyet \u015fapkas\u0131.
\n BAR\u0130T, Baryum sulfat\u0131n (BaSO4) do\u011fal zuhuru ve baryumun ana cevheri. Saf barit rombik kristalli, hidrotermal fazda olu\u015fan bir miner\u00e2ldir. Yaprak yaprak, s\u00fctunlu, kabuk \u015feklinde i\u011fneli veya masif olarak zuhur eder. Renksiz (\u015feffaf), kahverengine kadar d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen sar\u0131, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ms\u0131, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, mavimsi cams\u0131 veya mat-parlak g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmdedir. Yo\u011funlu\u011funun y\u00fcksek olu\u015fu (4,5 gr\/cm3), beyaz rengi ve kimyasal etkilere dayan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile x ve gama \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 absorblay\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6zellikleri nedeniyle yayg\u0131n bir kullan\u0131m alan\u0131 vard\u0131r. Filon dolgusu, gang minerali veya sedimanter halde olu\u015fur. \u0130kincil mineral olarak kur\u015fun-\u00e7inko, fluorit, demir, bak\u0131r ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f cevherleri i\u00e7inde bulunur. Baritin % 75-90 kadar\u0131 petrol ve gaz arama ve geli\u015ftirme sondajlar\u0131nda t\u00fcketilir. Sondaj \u00e7amurunda kullan\u0131lacak barit OCMA (Oil Companies Mineral Association) veya API (American Petroleum Institute) standardlar\u0131na g\u00f6re ticari i\u015flem g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Bu standardlarda \u00f6zg\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k (en az 4.20 gr\/cm3), ya\u015f elek analizi, suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilir kat\u0131 maddeler, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnebilir toprak alkaliler ve fan viskozitesi belirlenmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de TSE taraf\u0131ndan \u201c Sondaj \u00e7amuru katk\u0131 maddesi Barit \u201c ad\u0131 ile TS 919 numaral\u0131 standart 14101 say\u0131s\u0131 Resmi Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n Barit; %60 ZnS ve % 40BaSO4 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan olu\u015fan beyaz boyalar\u0131n ana maddesi olan litopon\u2019u olu\u015fturur ve en \u00e7ok %15 oran\u0131nda konulur. Boya sanayiinde kullan\u0131lacak baritin BaSO4 oran\u0131 %94’\u00fcn \u00fczerinde ve 20 mikrona kadar \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir. Renk bozucu olarak kabul edilen Fe2 O3 oran\u0131n ise %0,05\u2019den az olmas\u0131 gerekir.
\n Cam sanayi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lacak baritin %98 BaSO4, en \u00e7ok % 0,15 Fe2O3, % 15 Al2O3 ve %1,5 SiO2 i\u00e7ermesi ve 16-140 mesh aras\u0131nda \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131 istenir. Kimya sanayii i\u00e7in BaSO4 oran\u0131 en az %94, Fe2O3 en\u00e7ok %1, Si SO4 en \u00e7ok %2, CaF2 en \u00e7ok %0,5 ve \u00f6\u011f\u00fctme inceli\u011fi 4-20 mesh aras\u0131nda olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n BAR\u0130YER, \u2014> Karakol.
\n BARKOD, Ambalajlar\u0131n \u00fczerindeki dikd\u00f6rtgen \u015feklindeki \u00e7ubuklar ve aral\u0131klardan olu\u015fmu\u015f \u00e7ubuk kodlar\u0131n ad\u0131. \u00c7ubuk kod, ( \u00e7izgili kod ) mamul\u00fc belirleyen bir say\u0131d\u0131r. Daha \u00f6nce belirlenen bir yap\u0131 ve standard\u0131 temsil eden aral\u0131klardan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu sembol elektronik olarak bir \u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 kalem yard\u0131m\u0131 ile veya bilgisayara ba\u011flant\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u015fiddetli lazer taray\u0131c\u0131 ile okunabilmektedir.
\n Muntazam ( standard) bir \u00e7ubuk kod, kodu temsil eden \u00e7ubuklarla birlikte sa\u011fda, solda ve merkezde koruyucu \u00e7ubuklardan ( guard bars) olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Taray\u0131c\u0131, soldaki koruyucu \u00e7ubuklar\u0131 ge\u00e7ince okumaya ba\u015flar ve sa\u011fdaki koruyucu \u00e7ubuklar\u0131 ge\u00e7ince durur. Merkezdeki koruyucu \u00e7ubuklar ise soldaki \u00fcreticinin kodu ile sa\u011fda bulunan ( \u00fcreticinin) mamul kodunu ay\u0131r\u0131r.
\n D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda iki \u00e7ubuk kodlama sistemi kabul edilmektedir. Bunlardan biri MAMUL KODU (Uniform Product Code) UPC, di\u011feri de AVRUPA E\u015eYA NUMARASI ( European Article Number) EAN d\u0131r. UPC ABD\u2019de ve Kanadada kullan\u0131lmakta ve bazen de evrensel bir sistem olarak de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. Bu sistemin normal uygulamas\u0131 on rakamdan meydana gelmi\u015ftir. \u2014> \u015eekil. EAN ise \u2014> \u015eekil on\u00fc\u00e7 say\u0131dan olu\u015fan e\u015fya numaras\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Bu sistem Avusturya, Avustralya, Bel\u00e7ika, Fransa, \u0130rlanda, \u00c7ekoslovakya, Danimarka, \u0130talya, Japonya, L\u00fcksemburg, Hollanda, Yeni Zelanda, Norve\u00e7, G\u00fcney Afrika, \u0130spanya, \u0130sve\u00e7, \u0130ngiltere, Almanya ve Yugoslavya taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
BAROGRAF, Belirli bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde, mutlak hava bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 m bar (0,750062 mm Hg) veya tor (1 mm Hg) cinsinden yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak kaydeden bas\u0131n\u00e7 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc cihaz\u0131.
\n BAROLUKS, Maden i\u015fletmelerinde yeralt\u0131 ve yer\u00fcst\u00fc hava bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 m bar (0,750062 mm Hg) veya tor (1 mm Hg) olarak g\u00f6steren mutlak hava bas\u0131nc\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7me cihaz\u0131. Baroluks ile hava \u015febekesinin belirli noktalar\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7me yap\u0131l\u0131r ve bulunan bas\u0131n\u00e7 de\u011ferleri vas\u0131tas\u0131yla \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen noktalar aras\u0131ndaki bas\u0131n\u00e7 fark\u0131 tesbit edilir.
\n BAROMETRE, 1) Hava bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7meye yarayan cihaz. 2) Bas\u0131n\u00e7\u00f6l\u00e7er.
\n BAROMETR\u0130K Y\u00dcKSEKL\u0130K TAY\u0130N\u0130, A\u00e7\u0131khava bas\u0131nc\u0131 kullan\u0131larak yap\u0131lan y\u00fckseklik tayini. Deniz seviyesinden itibaren, 20\u00bdC \u0131s\u0131 ortam\u0131nda her 11m y\u00fckseklik i\u00e7in civa seviyesi 1 mm d\u00fc\u015fer. Y\u00fckseklik artt\u0131k\u00e7a bu rakam de\u011fi\u015fir. \u00d6rne\u011fin 3000 m den sonra civa s\u00fctununun 1 mm de\u011fi\u015fmesi i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k 14 m y\u00fckse\u011fe \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. Havan\u0131n nem durumu ile enlem derecesi ve \u00f6zellikle meterolojik ko\u015fullar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesi bu olayda etkili olur. Bu y\u00fczden \u00f6nemli d\u00fczeltmeler yap\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130ki tip barometre mevcuttur. Madeni ve c\u0131val\u0131, c\u0131val\u0131 olanlar\u0131 ise \u00fc\u00e7 tiptir.
\n BARUT, Patlama h\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck, g\u00fcher\u00e7ile (NaNO3 veya KNO3 – %70-80), k\u00fck\u00fcrt (% 3-14) ve odun k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc tozu (% 12-20) kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan meydana gelen patlay\u0131c\u0131 madde. Buna \u201ckarabarut\u201c veya \u201cmadencilik barutu\u201c da denir. Olduk\u00e7a yava\u015f yanar; bu nedenle itici bir etki yapar. Fazla duman \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. Bir patlama deli\u011fine hapsedilmi\u015f barut ate\u015flendi\u011finde 400m\/s h\u0131zla yanar fakat \u015fok dalgas\u0131 olu\u015fmaz. \u00c2ni yanma sonucu olu\u015fan gazlar kaya k\u00fctlesine bask\u0131 yaparak delik boyunca kayac\u0131 blok \u015feklinde k\u0131rar; ayr\u0131lan kaya blok k\u00fctlesinde daha fazla hasar olu\u015fmaz. Bu sebeple barut tercihen dekorasyon ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bloklara ay\u0131rmada kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu patlay\u0131c\u0131 suya kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok hassast\u0131r; bu y\u00fczden su i\u00e7eren patlatma deliklerinde kullan\u0131lmaz. \u2014> Pamuk barutu, Dumans\u0131z barut.
\n BARUT\u00c7U, Kaya\u00e7lar\u0131 ve madenleri kolay kaz\u0131labilir hale getirmek i\u00e7in patlat\u0131lmak amac\u0131 ile delinen deliklerin, patlay\u0131c\u0131 madde ile doldurulmas\u0131 ve ate\u015flenmesi i\u015flerini yapabilen e\u011fitilmi\u015f, ehliyetli ki\u015fi . Patlay\u0131c\u0131 maddenin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 yaln\u0131z barut\u00e7u taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131r.
\n BARUT HAKKI, \u2014> \u0130mla hakk\u0131.
\n BASAMAK, 1) K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck at\u0131ml\u0131 fay. \u2014> Kerti. 2) A\u00e7\u0131k i\u015fletmelerde, \u00f6rt\u00fckaz\u0131 ve \u00fcretim i\u015finin verimli ve g\u00fcvenli yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in olu\u015fturulan teras \u015feklindeki kademelerde olu\u015fturulan d\u00fczl\u00fck. 3) Graden.
\n BASAMAK E\u011e\u0130M\u0130, Basama\u011f\u0131n \u00fcst noktas\u0131 ile dip noktas\u0131n\u0131 birle\u015ftiren d\u00fczlem ile basamak d\u00fczlemi aras\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131 de\u011feri.
\n BASAMAK Y\u00dcKSEKL\u0130\u011e\u0130, A\u00e7\u0131k i\u015fletmede basamak \u00fcst seviyesi ile alt seviyesi aras\u0131ndaki dikey mesafe.
\n BASAMAK TA\u015eI, Mermer i\u015fletmecili\u011finde, merdiven geni\u015fli\u011finde veya en az boyu 80 cm olan ve basamak profili kesidinde masif ve yekpare olan ta\u015flar.
\n BASIC, (Beginneer\u2019s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code). Bilgisayar veya elektronik veri i\u015fleme sisteminde programlama \u00f6\u011frenmeye yeni ba\u015flayanlar\u0131n kolayca kullanabilece\u011fi genel ama\u00e7l\u0131 bir programlama dili. En b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6zelli\u011fi etkile\u015fimli (interactive) olmas\u0131d\u0131r. BASIC yorumlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, bir program\u0131 do\u011frudan i\u015fletebilece\u011fi gibi, tek bir program komutunu da i\u015fletebilir. Program, yaz\u0131l\u0131m esnas\u0131nda s\u00f6z dizim hatas\u0131 varsa hangi sat\u0131rda oldu\u011funu ekranda an\u0131nda bildirir ve kullan\u0131c\u0131ya d\u00fczeltme \u015fans\u0131 verir. BASIC dili iki \u00f6nemli k\u0131s\u0131m ile tan\u0131mlanabilir. Bunlar, kaynak program ve program\u0131 olu\u015fturan sat\u0131rlar ile sistem komutlar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu iki k\u0131s\u0131m kullan\u0131c\u0131ya denetleme ve bi\u00e7imleme olana\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flar.\u2014> Bilgisayar.
\n BASIN\u00c7LI AKI\u015eKAN YATAKLI YAKMA S\u0130STEM\u0130,\u2014> Ak\u0131\u015fkan yatakl\u0131 yakma sistemi.
\n BASIN\u00c7LI AK\u0130FER, Alt\u0131 ve \u00fcst\u00fc su ge\u00e7irmez tabakalarla s\u0131n\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f akifer.
\n BASIN\u00c7 \u00c7ATLAKLARI, \u2014> Oturu\u015fma \u00e7atla\u011f\u0131.
\n BASIN\u00c7LI F\u0130LTRE, Linyit, kil ve kaolan \u015flam\u0131 gibi s\u00fczmesi zor s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n s\u00fczme h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in m\u00fcnavebeli olarak vakum ve bas\u0131n\u00e7 (pres) uygulanan, kesintili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan filtre.
\n BASIN\u00c7LI HAVA, 1) Havan\u0131n, pistonlu, santrifuj veya turbo kompres\u00f6rlerle s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile elde edilen, daha ziyade patlay\u0131c\u0131 gaz ortam\u0131 olan yerlerde ve \u00f6zellikle madencilikte grizu tehlikesi olan yerlerde vin\u00e7, martopik\u00f6r, martoperforat\u00f6r, vantilat\u00f6r vb. makineleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmakta kullan\u0131lan; emniyetli fakat elektrik enerjisi kullan\u0131m\u0131na nazaran \u00e7ok daha pahal\u0131 olan g\u00fc\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131. 2) Sitim. 3) Tazyikli hava. 4) Muzayyik hava. 5) S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hava.
\n BASIN\u00c7LI HAVA ALTINDA TUNEL A\u00c7MA, \u2014> Keson.
\n BASIN\u00c7LI HAVA \u0130LE PATLAMA (AIR-DOX), \u00c7ok y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 (s\u0131v\u0131) havan\u0131n, la\u011f\u0131m deli\u011fine yerle\u015ftirilen \u00e7elik bir kovan i\u00e7ine bas\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra aniden bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131 ile patlama y\u00f6ntemi \u2014> Patlay\u0131c\u0131 madde.
\n BASIN\u00c7LI HAVA \u0130LE RAMBLE, \u2014> Pn\u00f6matik ramble.
\n BASIN\u00c7LI HAVA KA\u00c7A\u011eI, Tesisat\u0131 iyi d\u00f6\u015fenmemi\u015f veya peryodik bak\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava \u015febekesinden s\u0131zan bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava. Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava ka\u00e7aklar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da \u00f6rnek olarak belirtilen g\u00fc\u00e7 kay\u0131plar\u0131na sebep olur.
\n Havan\u0131n Ka\u00e7an havay\u0131
\n ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 7 Bar\u2019da \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in
\n delik \u00e7ap\u0131 hava ka\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 gereken g\u00fc\u00e7
\n (ger\u00e7ek
\n boyut)
\n mm dm3\/sn kW
\n \u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013
\n 0,4 0,2 0,1
\n 1,6 3,1 1,0
\n 3,0 11,0 3,5
\n BASIN\u00c7LI HAVA TENEFF\u00dcS \u0130STASYO-NU, Ani bo\u015falma tehlikesi olan yerlerde ge-rekti\u011fi zaman kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava teneff\u00fcs tertibatlar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yer.
\n BASIN\u00c7LI HAVA TENEFF\u00dcS TERT\u0130BA-TI, Ani bo\u015falma tehlikesi bulunan i\u015fyerlerinde oca\u011f\u0131n bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava \u015febekesinden faydalan\u0131larak kurulan ve gazl\u0131 bir ortamda belirli bir s\u00fcre orada bulunanlar\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirmelerini sa\u011flayan teneff\u00fcs tesisi.
\n BASIN\u00c7LI SU D\u00dcZEY\u0130, Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 akiferdeki suyun hidrostatik bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda y\u00fckselebilece\u011fi d\u00fczey.
\n BASIN\u00c7 METAMORFOZU, Yaln\u0131z \u00fcst tabakalar\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131 ile meydana gelen ba\u015fkala\u015f\u0131m. \u2014> Metamorfoz.
\n BAS\u0130T MA\u011eARA A\u00c7IKAYAK \u0130\u015eLETME METODU, Daha ziyade tavan\u0131 \u00e7ok sa\u011flam, \u015fekli gayrimuntazam ve kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 fazla olmayan maden yataklar\u0131na tatbik edilen haz\u0131rl\u0131k i\u015fleri bir kuyu ve rekuptan veya yaln\u0131z bir rekuptan ibaret olan, cevher kesildikten sonra ilerletimli veya d\u00f6n\u00fcml\u00fc olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak suretiyle gerekti\u011fi takdirde topuk da b\u0131rak\u0131larak cevher yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131 oyup bo\u015faltma esas\u0131na dayanan tahkimats\u0131z yeralt\u0131 (\u00fcretim) i\u015fletme metodu. Bu usulde cevherden kalan bo\u015fluk bir ma\u011fara te\u015fkil eder. Pratik, fazla yat\u0131r\u0131m gerektirmeyen, rand\u0131manl\u0131 olmakla beraber uygulanma sahas\u0131 \u00e7ok dar olan bir i\u015fletme metodudur.
\n BAS\u0130T TAHK\u0130MATLI AYAK \u0130\u015eLETME METODU, Esas itibariyle \u00e7e\u015fitli meyillerdeki ince damarlara (damar kal\u0131nla\u015f\u0131rsa ramble usul\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilir) tahkimats\u0131z, \u2014> Ba\u015fa\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ve ba\u015fyukar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kayak i\u015fletme metotlar\u0131n\u0131n bir uygulamas\u0131 olan; kabak direk, domuzdam\u0131, beton ayak vb. malzeme kullan\u0131larak tavan g\u00f6\u00e7mesinin \u00f6nlenmesi esas\u0131na dayanan, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan yukar\u0131 mail (e\u011fik) dilimli veya dik dilimli olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, a\u011fa\u00e7 veya kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k tahkimatl\u0131 (\u00fcretim) i\u015fletme metodu. Bu usulde tavan sadece direklerle tutulur. Sonradan dolgu kullanmak gerekebilir. Usul\u00fcn haz\u0131rl\u0131k safhas\u0131 ba\u015fyukar\u0131 veya ba\u015fa\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan a\u00e7\u0131kayak i\u015fletme metodlar\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Bu usul\u00fcn bir de ufki (yatay) dilimli uygulamas\u0131 vard\u0131r. Ufki dilimli uygulama da, iki ana galeri aras\u0131nda kalan cevher, ufki dilimlere ayr\u0131l\u0131r ve \u00fcstteki dilimden ba\u015flayarak d\u00f6n\u00fcml\u00fc bir \u015fekilde al\u0131n\u0131r; dilimlerdeki ayaklar dikkate al\u0131narak te\u015fkil edilen genel i\u015fletme d\u00fczeni yakla\u015f\u0131k 45\u00bd\u2019lik bir a\u00e7\u0131 yapacak \u015fekilde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n BAS\u0130T SARIMLI DAMAR, Bir \u00e7elik halat sar\u0131m \u015feklini belirten ve damar\u0131 olu\u015fturan her s\u0131radaki tellerin ayr\u0131 operasyonlar ile ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde, fakat farkl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00f6r\u00fclen konstr\u00fcksiyonlar\u0131. S\u0131ra telleri ile di\u011fer teller aras\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir a\u00e7\u0131 fark\u0131 bulunur.\u2014> \u015eekil.
\n BASKI KUVVET\u0130, 1) Sondaj esnas\u0131nda arazinin cinsine g\u00f6re kesici uca verilmesi gereken kuvvet (kontrollu a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k). Graviteden dolay\u0131 gelen kuvvet fazla ise azalt\u0131l\u0131r, az ise art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bask\u0131 kuvveti sondajda en \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6rlerden biridir. Genelde bask\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a ilerleme de artar. Sert formasyonlarda art\u0131r\u0131lan bask\u0131, ilerlemeyi art\u0131r\u0131r. Ampirik olarak ilerleme, devir say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bask\u0131n\u0131n k kuvvetiyle \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131na e\u015fittir. Yani i (cm) = n (D\/dk.) . pk (ton). Burada k yumu\u015fak formasyon i\u00e7in 1,2, sert formasyon i\u00e7in 2,3 kabul edilmektedir. \u00c7e\u015fitli \u015fartlarda s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olan bask\u0131 kuvveti sondajda kompleks bir karakter arzeder.
\n 2) Delik delme esnas\u0131nda martoperforat\u00f6re tatbik edilen ilave kuvvet. \u2014> Martoperfarat\u00f6r\u00fcn delme h\u0131z\u0131.
\n BA\u015eA\u015eA\u011eI, 1) Yan ta\u015fta veya damar i\u00e7erisinde yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru s\u00fcr\u00fclen meyilli yollar. 2) Desandri.
\n BASMA, \u2014> Tavan basmas\u0131.
\n BASTIRICI, \u2014> Reaktif.
\n BA\u015eA\u015eA\u011eI A\u00c7IKAYAK \u0130\u015eLETME METO-DU, Bilhassa fazla yat\u0131ml\u0131, tavan ve taban\u0131 sa\u011flam olan, cevheri sa\u011flam olmayan filonlarla ince damarlarda ve kaz\u0131lan cevheri sa\u011flam olan kal\u0131n damarlarda alt katlarda haz\u0131rl\u0131k yapmadan cevheri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan yukar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mak, alt katta haz\u0131rl\u0131k yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa kaz\u0131lan cevheri maden yata\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ba\u015fyukar\u0131dan veya b\u00fcrden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ak\u0131tarak panodaki nakliyat\u0131 sa\u011flamak esas\u0131na dayanan, al\u0131n iki tarafa do\u011fru basamak \u015feklinde, tahkimats\u0131z veya \u00e7ok az tahkimatl\u0131 (\u00fcretim) i\u015fletme metodu. Bu usulde gerekirse bir k\u0131s\u0131m cevher topuk olarak da b\u0131rak\u0131labilir.
\n BA\u015eKALA\u015eIM, \u2014> Metamorfoz.
\n BA\u015eKALA\u015eMA, \u2014> Metamorfoz.
\n BA\u015eKALA\u015eIM KAYA\u00c7LARI,\u2014> Petroloji.
\n BA\u015eKALA\u015eIM MADEN YATAKLARI, \u2014> Metamorf maden yataklar\u0131.
\n BA\u015e LAMBASI, \u2014> Madenci ba\u015f lambas\u0131.
\n BA\u015eYUKARI, Yan ta\u015fta veya damar i\u00e7erisinde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan yukar\u0131 do\u011fru s\u00fcr\u00fclen meyilli yol. Ta\u015f i\u00e7erisinde s\u00fcr\u00fclen meyilli yollar i\u00e7inde nakliyat \u00fcnitesi yoksa ta\u015fba\u015fyukar\u0131, vin\u00e7 veya varagel gibi ta\u015f\u0131ma \u00fcniteleri varsa, vin\u00e7 veya varagel diye isimlendirilir.
\n BA\u015eYUKARI A\u00c7IKAYAK \u0130\u015eLETME ME-TODU, \u2014> Ba\u015fa\u015fa\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kayak i\u015fletme meto-dunun a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan yukar\u0131 uygulanmas\u0131 esas\u0131na dayanan ve panodaki nakliyat a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru gravite ile sa\u011flanan, hem a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7ileri korumak ve hem de alt k\u0131lavuzun cevherle dolmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in ayakla pano aras\u0131nda ya topuk b\u0131rak\u0131larak ya da \u00e7atal direklerle kapak yap\u0131lmak suretiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan tahkimats\u0131z (\u00fcretim) i\u015fletme metodu. Ba\u015fa\u015fa\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k ayak i\u015fletme metodunda oldu\u011fu gibi bu metodun tatbikinde de al\u0131n, ters merdiven, e\u011fik veya d\u00fcz olarak d\u00fczenlenebilir.
\n BA\u015eYUKARI RAMBLEL\u0130 AYAK \u0130\u015eLET-ME METODU, 5-6 m. geni\u015fli\u011fi olan sa\u011flam cevherli (tavan\u0131 ve taban\u0131 sa\u011flam olmayabilir) dik yat\u0131ml\u0131 maden yataklar\u0131nda \u2014> Ba\u015fyukar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kayak i\u015fletme metodunda oldu\u011fu gibi haz\u0131rl\u0131k yap\u0131larak kaz\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131lan cevher alt ana nakliyat yolundan al\u0131n\u0131p ramble malzemesi de \u00fcst ana nakliyat yolundan getirilmek suretiyle metal, k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve tuz maden yataklar\u0131nda uygulanabilen rambleli (\u00fcretim) i\u015fletme metodu. Bu usulde al\u0131n d\u00fcz veya diyagonal di\u015fli (ters graden), ters V veya piramit \u015feklinde olabilir. Cevher nakliyat\u0131 ve insan ini\u015fi \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in ramble i\u00e7inde b\u0131rak\u0131lan (\u015f\u00fctler) kelebeler a\u011fa\u00e7, \u00e7elik, beton veya tu\u011fladan yap\u0131labilir. Bu metot orta kal\u0131nl\u0131kta ve kal\u0131n damarlarda da uygulanabilir.
\n BATAK J\u0130G, Batak y\u0131kama kasas\u0131 denir. Sabit elekli jigler grubuna girer. Batak (Batac) kelimesi Baum ve Tacub kasalar\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerinden \u00fcretilmi\u015ftir . Baum tip kasada oldu\u011fu gibi, kasas\u0131 hava ve y\u0131kama b\u00f6lgesi halinde ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeyip ; kasan\u0131n t\u00fcm alan\u0131 y\u0131kamaya tahsis edilmi\u015f, b\u00f6ylece y\u0131kama alan\u0131 geni\u015fletilmi\u015f, kasas\u0131 seri halde hava \u00e7emberleri ile donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bu \u00e7emberlerden iki adedi her b\u00f6lmede sabit elek alt\u0131nda ve ele\u011fin t\u00fcm geni\u015fli\u011fi boyunca uzat\u0131larak kasaya verilen havan\u0131n kasada \u00fcniform da\u011f\u0131l\u0131mla her noktada e\u015fit pulsasyon sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f y\u0131kama (zenginle\u015ftirme) \u00fcnitesi. \u2014> \u015eekil, Jig, Baum jig, K\u00f6m\u00fcr y\u0131kama y\u00f6ntemleri.
\n BATARLAMA, 1) B\u00fcy\u00fck at\u0131mlardan \u00e7\u0131kan ve y\u00fcklemesi yap\u0131lamayan iri par\u00e7alar\u0131, martoperforat\u00f6rlerle yeniden delerek yap\u0131lan ikinci bir ate\u015fleme i\u015flemi. 2) Yeralt\u0131 i\u015fletmecili\u011finde normal ate\u015fleme ile kaz\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n kaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in k\u0131sa la\u011f\u0131m delikleri delinmek suretiyle yap\u0131lan ate\u015fleme. 3) Batar atma.
\n BATARYA, 1) Birbirine benzer birka\u00e7 \u00fcnitenin biraraya getirilerek belirli bi\u00e7imde eklenmesinden olu\u015fan tak\u0131m. 2) Ak\u00fcm\u00fclat\u00f6r. \u2014> Sel\u00fcl.
\n BATIRMALI KUYU, \u2014> Keson kuyu.
\n BAT\u0130YAL FAS\u0130YES, Denizlerin \u0131\u015f\u0131k ge\u00e7irme-yen 200-800 m. aras\u0131ndaki derinliklerinde biriken \u00e7\u00f6keller.
\n BAUM J\u0130G, Malzeme ve y\u0131kama suyunun verildi\u011fi kasada suyun, piston yerine hava bas\u0131nc\u0131 ile a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 hareketini sa\u011flayarak zenginle\u015ftirme yapmaya yarayan y\u0131kama (zenginle\u015ftirme) \u00fcnitesi. Sabit elekli jiglerdendir. \u2014> \u015eekil, jig, Batak jig, K\u00f6m\u00fcr y\u0131kama y\u00f6ntemleri.
\n BAYER Y\u00d6NTEM\u0130, Boksit cevherinden sodyum hidroksit katk\u0131s\u0131yla otoklavlarda y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 (15 atm) ve s\u0131cakl\u0131kta (210\u00b0C) sodyum aluminat \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi elde edilerek, bunun; buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131, seyreltici, durultucu (aluminat \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin \u00e7amurlardan ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in), bozundurucu (aluminat\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fc\u015fmesi ve al\u00fcminin yakla\u015f\u0131k % 55\u2019nin \u00e7\u00f6kmesi i\u00e7in), durultucu (hidratl\u0131 al\u00fcminin \u00e7\u00f6zeltiden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in), d\u00f6ner s\u00fczge\u00e7 (hidratl\u0131 al\u00fcminin suyundan ayr\u0131lmas\u0131) ve d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n (hidratl\u0131 al\u00fcminin 1200\u00b0C\u2019de kavrulmas\u0131 ve al\u00fcmina haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fme i\u00e7in) gibi \u00fcnitelerden ge\u00e7ilerek \u2014> Al\u00fcmina (Al2 O3)\u2019n\u0131n elde edilmesi.
\n BAZ, 1) Nirengi \u015febekesinde hassas \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f kenar. 2) Kaz\u0131 i\u015flerinde yap\u0131lan veya yap\u0131lan i\u015fi belirlemeye esas olarak al\u0131nan do\u011fru par\u00e7as\u0131. 3) Asitle birle\u015fince tuz olu\u015fturan madde. 4) Hassas olarak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen ve koordinat de\u011ferleri belli olan do\u011fru par\u00e7as\u0131.
\n BAZ LATASI, Optik y\u00f6ntemle uzunluk \u00f6l\u00e7mede kullan\u0131lan ve hesaplama kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan 2 m uzunlu\u011funda olan \u00f6zel gere\u00e7. Baz latas\u0131, sehpas\u0131 \u00fczerinde olmak \u00fczere uzunlu\u011fu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclecek do\u011frunun u\u00e7 noktas\u0131na kurulur. Di\u011fer ucunda saniye teodoliti bulunur. 75 m ye kadar olan uzunluklar hassas olarak bu y\u00f6ntemle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir. \u2014> \u015eekil.
\n BAZALT, Dar anlamda melafir ve diyabaz ile birlikte an\u0131lan ve tersiyerden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar ge\u00e7en jeolojik zamanda olu\u015fmu\u015f bazik volkanik kaya\u00e7. Seyrek kullan\u0131lan bir terim olan melafir ve s\u0131k kullan\u0131lan diyabaz, mezozoik ve paleozoik devirlerinde olu\u015fmu\u015flard\u0131r. Diyabaz genellikle gang \u015feklinde tezah\u00fcr etti\u011finden farkl\u0131 bir i\u00e7 yap\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Yap\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131 olarak tercih edilen bu kaya\u00e7lar, sa\u011flam ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131 yap\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011finden dolay\u0131 eritilerek i\u00e7i bazaltla kaplanan borular madencilikte ramble malzemesi naklinde, plaka halinde d\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olanlar da a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 malzemelerin stokland\u0131\u011f\u0131 silolar\u0131n ve oluklar\u0131n kaplanmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bazalt, parke ta\u015f\u0131 olarak yol kaplamalar\u0131nda da kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n BAZALT\u0130K POMZA, \u2014> Pomza ta\u015f\u0131.
\n BAZALTLI BORU, Ramble malzemesi vb. a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 malzemenin boru i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7mesi gibi durumlarda, s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmenin a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 etkisini azaltmak i\u00e7in sinterleme suretiyle ergitilmi\u015f bazalttan (sinter-bazalt) d\u00f6k\u00fclerek elde edilen ve d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7elik zarf ge\u00e7irilen \u00f6zel boru.
\n BAZ\u0130K BESSEMER METODU, \u2014> Thomas metodu.
\n BAZ\u0130K KAYA\u00c7, Bile\u015fiminde kuars bulunmayan ve silis miktar\u0131 % 40-52 olan, b\u00fcnyesindeki minerallerin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 magnezyum, kalsiyum ve demirli, koyu renkli kaya\u00e7 (\u00d6rnek: Peridotit % 41-45 silis ihtiva eder.)
\n BEKHU (BACK HOE), \u2014> Terskep\u00e7e.
\n BEKLEME BARAJI, 1) Maden oca\u011f\u0131nda yang\u0131na m\u00fcsait panolar\u0131n, herhangi bir yang\u0131n vukuunda \u00e7abuk kapat\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak \u00fczere, bu panolar\u0131n giri\u015f ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yollar\u0131nda \u00f6nceden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, panoda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinde ge\u00e7i\u015fe imkan veren baraj g\u00f6vdesi ve baraj\u0131n kapanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterli haz\u0131r malzeme. 2) Su patlamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kap\u0131s\u0131 ile birlikte \u00f6nceden in\u015fa edilmi\u015f baraj.
\n BEL\u00c7\u0130KA GRAN\u0130T\u0130, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, beyaz lekeli siyah mermer \u00e7e\u015fidi.
\n BEL\u0130RL\u0130 M\u00dcMK\u00dcN REZERV, 1) Cevher yata\u011f\u0131 en az bir taraftan tesbit edilmi\u015f veya 2-3 taraftan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen cevher kalitesi genel durumu ile tesbit edilmemi\u015f, i\u015fletme esaslar\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak bilinen rezerv. 2) Evvelce aranan ve k\u0131smen i\u015fletilmi\u015f maden yataklar\u0131nda madenin \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131 veya d\u00f6k\u00fcmanlar\u0131n yeterli olmamas\u0131 halinde veya arama s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 muhtemel rezerv s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131na yeterli olmayan rezerv. 3) D\u00fczenli yataklarda 1600-400 m. aral\u0131klarla, d\u00fczensiz yataklarda da 400-100 m. aral\u0131klarla yap\u0131lan sondajlarla tesbit edilen rezerv.<\/p>\n
BELLEME, Uzun ayaklarda ayak tahkimat\u0131n\u0131 takviye i\u00e7in al\u0131na paralel sarmalar\u0131n alt\u0131na ve ayak aln\u0131na dik olarak yerle\u015ftirilen sarma. Gerekirse takviye olarak, bellemelerin \u00fczerinden, takviye ettikleri sarma direklerine paralel olarak s\u00fcren direkleri de s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u2014> S\u00fcren.
\n BEL\u0130RS\u0130Z HATALAR, \u2014> Tesad\u00fcfi hatalar.
\n BENT, 1) Bas\u0131nc\u0131 veya temperat\u00fcr\u00fc farkl\u0131 iki ortam\u0131n aras\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131lan ve bu iki ortam\u0131n birinden di\u011ferine ge\u00e7i\u015fte uyum sa\u011flanmas\u0131na yarayan yer. 2) K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck baraj.
\n BENTON\u0130T ; Form\u00fcl\u00fc Al4Si8O20(OH4). nH2O olan,genellikle ayr\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f volkanik k\u00fcllerden olu\u015fup; d\u00f6k\u00fcmc\u00fcl\u00fckte, renk a\u00e7makta, sabun ve di\u011fer temizleme malzemelerinin yap\u0131m\u0131nda, \u0131sland\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman kabar\u0131p g\u00f6zenekleri kapad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in sondaj kuyular\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan, aluminyum ve magnezyum silikat minerali ihtiva eden, montmorillonit bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengin kil.Bentonitin ticari olabilmesi i\u00e7in kendi hacminin en az be\u015f kat\u0131 \u015fi\u015febilmesi gerekir. Normal olarak iyi nitelikli bentonitler 10-20, \u00e7ok ender bentonitler ise 15-30 kat \u015fi\u015febilirler. Genellikle kendi a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 5-6 kat\u0131ndaki suyu absorbe ederek 12-15 kat hacim art\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6steren bentonitler kaliteli say\u0131l\u0131rlar.Bentonitleri be\u015f grupta toplamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr:
\n 1) Alkali bentonit (Na-Bentonit), 2) Yar\u0131 alkali bentonit (Ca-Na-Bentonit), 3) Toprak alkali bentonit (Ca-Bentonit), 4) Toprak alkali yar\u0131 bentonit, 5) Aktifle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bentonit. Alkali bentonit, \u00e7ok geli\u015fmi\u015f vizkozite, tiksotropik ve plastik \u00f6zelliklerine sahip iken, Ca-Bentonit \u00fcst\u00fcn a\u011fart\u0131c\u0131 ve absorpsiyon \u00f6zelliklerini haizdir. Buna g\u00f6re, Na-Bentonit sondaj \u00e7amuru haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda (%40); d\u00f6k\u00fcm kumu ve pelet ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 olarak (%30) uygulama alan\u0131 bulurken; Ca-Bentonit ya\u011flar\u0131n, \u015feker, meyve sular\u0131 v.b.\u2019nin rafinasyonunda (%15) kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ticari i\u015flemler OCMA (Oil Companies Material Association) ve AP\u0130 (The American Petroleum Institude) standartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re yap\u0131l\u0131r.
\n BENZ\u0130N, Karbonlu hidrojenlerin (petrol, bit\u00fcml\u00fc \u015fist, -marn, maden k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve linyit) dam\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 ve petrol\u00fcn kraking\u2019i ile elde edilen \u00e7ok u\u00e7ucu renksiz ve \u0131t\u0131r kokulu akaryak\u0131t. Ya\u011flar\u0131 ve kau\u00e7u\u011fu eritme \u00f6zelli\u011fi vard\u0131r. Kolay yanar. Buhar\u0131, hava ile patlay\u0131c\u0131 bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m meydana getirir. Yo\u011funlu\u011fu 0,65, kaynama noktas\u0131 65\u00bd-95\u00bdC.
\n BENZ\u0130NL\u0130 LAMBA, \u2014> Emniyet lambas\u0131.
\n BENZOL, Aromat birle\u015fiklerinin temel maddesi (C6H6), su berrakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u0131\u015f\u0131k k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131, yo\u011funlu\u011fu 0,88, kaynama noktas\u0131 80,5\u00bdC, eter kokulu, kolay yanan bir akaryak\u0131t. \u0130yot, k\u00fck\u00fcrt, fosfor, re\u00e7ine ve ya\u011flar\u0131 eritir. Ta\u015fk\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc katran\u0131ndan yan \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak elde edilir.
\n BER\u0130LYUM BRONZU,\u2014> Paris bronzu.
\n BE\u015e\u0130K ARABASI, V kesitinde, yana devrilmek suretiyle tumba edilen ocak arabas\u0131.
\n BETA SEP\u0130YOL\u0130T, \u2014> L\u00fcleta\u015f\u0131
\n BETON KOVASI, \u2014> Fonsaj kovas\u0131.
\n BETON, Kum, \u00e7ak\u0131l, c\u00fcruf vb. maddelerin \u00e7imento ve su ile kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla elde edilen bir yap\u0131 malzemesi.
\n BETONARME KIRMASI, Mermer i\u015fletmecili\u011finde, 0,7-25 cm aras\u0131nda k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ta\u015f.
\n BETON MUAYENE \u00c7EK\u0130C\u0130, Kaya\u00e7lar\u0131n ve betonun mekanik \u00f6zelli\u011finden yararlanmak suretiyle k\u0131r\u0131lma mukavemetlerini tesbit etmeye yarayan gere\u00e7.
\n BER\u0130L, [ Be3 Al2 (Si O3)6 ], Hem bir berilyum cevheri hem de k\u0131ymetli ta\u015f olarak kullan\u0131lan, do\u011fada alt\u0131 k\u00f6\u015feli iri kristaller halinde ye\u015fil,mavi, beyaz, sar\u0131, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, pembe renklerde olabilen berilyum aluminyum silikat minerali. Sertli\u011fi 7,5-8, yo\u011funlu\u011fu 2,8 gr\/cm3\u2019dir.
\n Sanayide (ala\u015f\u0131m,metal,seramik) kullan\u0131lan berilin en \u00f6nemli kayna\u011f\u0131 berilyum cevheridir. Beril, asil ve adi olmak \u00fczere iki t\u00fcr olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Berilin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc feldispat ve mika madencili\u011finin yan \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olarak \u00fcretilir.
\n Rengi bulan\u0131k olan adi beril granit, gnays, pegmatit ve mika\u015fistlerin aras\u0131nda tali mineral olarak bulunur. \u015eeffaf, g\u00fczel ye\u015fil ve g\u00fczel mavi renkli olan asil beril ise m\u00fccevher olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ye\u015fil berile z\u00fcmr\u00fct denir. Z\u00fcmr\u00fct\u00fcn rengi, i\u00e7indeki kromoksitten gelir. Sar\u0131, ye\u015filimsi, deniz suyu renginde ve mavi renkli beril kristallerine \u201c akvamarin\u201d denir.
\n B\u00fct\u00fcn beril kristalleri f\u0131r\u0131nlan\u0131rsa yani k\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa hem renk hem de \u015fekil de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine u\u011frar.<\/p>\n
BER\u0130LYUM (Be), Hava ve uzay sanayiinde, n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6rlerde, bak\u0131r ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131nda ve atomik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda kullan\u0131lan gri renkli hafif metal element (\u00f6zg\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 1,85 gr\/cm3, atom numaras\u0131 4, atom k\u00fctlesi 9,012). X \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7irmesi nedeniyle x \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 t\u00fcp\u00fcnde \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f ve \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m penceresi olarak ince levhac\u0131klar h\u00e2linde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek ergime s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00e7ok ince levhalar\u0131n bile n\u00f6tronlara kar\u015f\u0131 etkili olmas\u0131, saf berilyumdan n\u00fckleer sanayide n\u00f6tron yava\u015flat\u0131c\u0131 olarak yararlan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Berilyum oksidi (BeO) n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6rlerde seramik malzeme olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Be ve bile\u015fiklerinin tozlar\u0131 akci\u011ferlerde \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc zehir etkisi yapar. \u2014> Beril.
\n BER\u0130LYUM TUNCU, Bak\u0131r ve berilyum (% 2) ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131. Nikel ya da kobalt da kat\u0131labilir. Bak\u0131r ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda en serti ve en esnek olan\u0131d\u0131r. Su verilirse yumu\u015far ve k\u00fctleye kolay bi\u00e7im verilir, \u2014> Menevi\u015flemeden sonra ise sertle\u015fir ve esneklik kazan\u0131r. Mekanik ve elektriki \u00f6zellikleri dolay\u0131siyle makine sanayiinde ve elektroteknikte; kesicilerin , kontaklar\u0131n, yaylar\u0131n imalinde ve maden ocaklar\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m \u00e7\u0131karmayan tak\u0131mlarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Korozyona dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r.
\n BETA AL\u00c7I, \u2014> Al\u00e7\u0131ta\u015f\u0131.
\n BEYAN, 1) \u201c3213 say\u0131l\u0131 Maden Kanunu\u201dunda kullan\u0131lan bir terim olup, maden i\u015fletmecili\u011fi yapan veya bunlar ad\u0131na hareket eden yetkililerin, resmi kurulu\u015flara herhangi bir durumu belirlemek veya a\u00e7\u0131klamak amac\u0131yla vermi\u015f olduklar\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 belge. 2) Genel anlamda, s\u00f6yleme, a\u00e7\u0131klama. 3) Bir hukuk\u00ee durumu veya bir olay\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulama, bildirme.
\n BEYAZ BAKIR, Bir t\u00fcr bak\u0131r, \u00e7inko ve arsenik ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131.
\n BEYAZ \u00c7\u0130MENTO, Demiri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve CaCO3 ten\u00f6r\u00fc y\u00fcksek mermer ile kaolinin 1450-1500\u00bdC aras\u0131nda pi\u015firilerek elde edilen klinkerin % 3-5 aras\u0131nda al\u00e7\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclmesi ile \u00fcretilen \u00e7imento. \u2014> \u00c7imento.
\n BEYAZ D\u00d6KME DEM\u0130R, \u2014> D\u00f6kme demir.
\n BEYLER, 1) Bilhassa darbeli sondajda kuyuda olu\u015fan formasyon-su kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 (bulama\u00e7-\u00e7amur) kuyudan bo\u015faltmaya yarayan ve halatla kuyuya indirilip \u00e7ekilen alt klapeli \u00f6zel kap. 2) Sondaj kovas\u0131.
\n B\u0130LAN\u00c7O, 1) Madencilikte her i\u015fletme izni i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131, y\u00f6netmelikteki \u00f6rne\u011fe g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanacak ve sadece Devlet hakk\u0131, madencilik fon katk\u0131s\u0131, ihbar ve buluculuk haklar\u0131n\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131nda ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi olan belge. 2) Her firma veya i\u015fletmenin bir y\u0131ll\u0131k faaliyet sonucunu g\u00f6steren belge.
\n B\u0130LAN\u00c7O BR\u00dcT K\u00c2RI, Y\u00f6netmelikteki \u00f6rne\u011fe g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f bilan\u00e7oda; genel y\u00f6netim giderleri pay\u0131 hari\u00e7 tutularak hesaplanan k\u00e2r.
\n B\u0130LAN\u00c7O REZERV\u0130, Do\u011fu bloku \u00fclkelerinde kullan\u0131lan bir rezerv s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131. Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirlenmi\u015f olan cevher k\u00fctlesinin yani jeolojik rezervin ulusal ekonomi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131labilecek nitelikte olan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc.
\n B\u0130LEZ\u0130KL\u0130 YA\u011eLAMA, \u2014> Ya\u011flama sistemleri
\n B\u0130LE\u015e\u0130K G\u00dc\u00c7 VE ISI S\u0130STEMLER\u0130, \u2014> Kojenerasyon sistemi.
\n B\u0130LG\u0130, 1) \u0130nsan akl\u0131n\u0131n erebilece\u011fi olgu, ger\u00e7ek ve ilkelerin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcne verilen ad. 2) \u00d6\u011frenme ara\u015ft\u0131rma veya g\u00f6zlem yoluyla ula\u015f\u0131lan ger\u00e7eklik. Bir nesneyi derinlemesine incelemek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan zihinsel i\u015flemlerin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7. Malumat. Vukuf.
\n Belirli bir alanda \u00f6\u011frenilen bilginin t\u00fcm\u00fcne B\u0130L\u0130M, insanlar\u0131n teknik ekonomik ve toplumsal alanlardaki ileti\u015fiminde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bilimin dayana\u011f\u0131 olan bilginin, \u00f6zellikle elektronik makineler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, d\u00fczenli ve ak\u0131lc\u0131 bi\u00e7imde i\u015flenmesini konu alan bilim dal\u0131na B\u0130L\u0130\u015e\u0130M (informatik), bilgilerin sistemli olarak d\u00fczenlenmesi, saklanmas\u0131, iletilmesi ve kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na da B\u0130LG\u0130 \u0130\u015eLEM denir. \u2014> Teknoloji.
\n B\u0130LG\u0130SAYAR, \u00c7ok say\u0131da aritmetiksel veya mant\u0131ksal i\u015flemlerden olu\u015fan bir i\u015fi, \u00f6nceden verilmi\u015f bir programa g\u00f6re yap\u0131p sonu\u00e7land\u0131ran elektronik ara\u00e7, elektronik beyin, komp\u00fcter. Bilgisayar\u0131n bilgileri i\u015fleyebilmesi i\u00e7in iki ana unsurun biraraya gelmesi gerekmektedir. Bunlardan birincisi ; bilgisayar\u0131n t\u00fcm elektronik ve mekanik birimlerinden (Ana i\u015flem birimi \u201cMain Frame\u201d, giri\u015f birimleri \u201c\u0130nput\u201d, \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f birimleri \u201cOutput\u201d) yani cihazlardan olu\u015fan B\u0130LG\u0130SAYAR DONANIMI (HARDWARE) dir . \u0130kincisi ise, bilgisayar donan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n hangi i\u015flemi nas\u0131l yapacaklar\u0131, bilgileri nas\u0131l de\u011ferlendirecekleri, bilgilerin nas\u0131l saklanaca\u011f\u0131 gibi konularda bilgisayar\u0131 y\u00f6netmek veya bir bilgiyi i\u015flemek \u00fczere yap\u0131lan programlama, yani bilgilerin nas\u0131l al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bilgilerin hangi kurallara g\u00f6re hangi s\u0131ra ile i\u015flenece\u011fini belirleyen programlar, yordamlar, deyimler ve k\u0131sacas\u0131 B\u0130LG\u0130SAYAR YAZILIMLARI (SOFT-WARE)dir.Bilgisayar\u0131n y\u00f6netilmesi i\u015flevini \u00fcstlenen program ise \u0130\u015eLET\u0130M S\u0130STEM\u0130 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.B\u00fct\u00fcn program derleyicilerini ve programlar\u0131 kapsayan yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 y\u00f6neten i\u015fletim sistemi de D\u0130SK \u0130\u015eLET\u0130M S\u0130STEM\u0130 (DOS = Disk Operating System) olarak isimlendirilir.Bir program\u0131n ana belle\u011fe al\u0131nmas\u0131na bu PROGRAMIN Y\u00dcKLENMES\u0130 denir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde madencili\u011fin hemen hemen her dal\u0131na bilgisayarlar girmi\u015f durumdad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle etkile\u015fimli (interaktif) bilgisayar programlar\u0131 bilgisayar kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 basitle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. \u2014> \u00c7izelge
\n B\u0130L\u0130RK\u0130\u015e\u0130, 1) Belirli bir konudan iyi anlayan ve bir anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemek veya bir i\u015fkazas\u0131nda kazan\u0131n olu\u015f nedenini belirlemek i\u00e7in kendisine ba\u015fvurulan kimse, uzman, ehlihibre, ehlivukuf, eksper. 2) Hukukta \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi \u00f6zel veya bilimsel bilgiye dayanan konularda oyuna veya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine ba\u015fvurulan kimse, ehlihibre (bilirki\u015fi), ehlivukuf (bilirki\u015fi).
\n B\u0130LYALI DE\u011e\u0130RMEN, Bir eksen etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nen ve i\u00e7ine zor a\u015f\u0131nan \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fc bilyalar konan i\u00e7 c\u0131dar\u0131 takoz, lastik veya z\u0131rhla kapl\u0131, kuru veya sulu \u00f6\u011f\u00fctme yapmaya yarayan de\u011firmen.
\n B\u0130MS, 1) Birbirine ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131z, bo\u015fluklu, s\u00fcnger g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcml\u00fc silikat esasl\u0131, birim hacim a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 genellikle 1 g\/cm3\u2019ten k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, sertli\u011fi Mohs skalas\u0131na g\u00f6re 6 civar\u0131nda, cams\u0131 doku g\u00f6steren volkanik (kaya\u00e7) madde. 2) Pomzata\u015f\u0131. 3) S\u00fcngerta\u015f\u0131. \u2014> Pomza ta\u015f\u0131.
\n B\u0130RER\u0130M B\u0130LE\u015e\u0130M\u0130,\u2014> \u00d6tektik kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m.
\n B\u0130RER\u0130M SICAKLI\u011eI, \u2014> \u00d6tektik kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m.
\n B\u0130RER\u0130M NOKTASI,\u2014> \u00d6tektik kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m.
\n B\u0130RLE\u015eT\u0130R\u0130C\u0130, Mermer i\u015fletmecili\u011finde,ta\u015f\u0131 te\u015fkil eden muhtelif par\u00e7alar\u0131 da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131yacak \u015fekilde birbiriyle ba\u011fl\u0131yan tabi\u00ee \u00e7imento.
\n B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130L AL\u00dcM\u0130NYUM, \u2014> Aluminan\u0131nelektroliz y\u00f6ntemi ile indirgenmesi ile elde edilen al\u00fcminyum.
\n B\u0130SK\u00dcV\u0130, Seramik end\u00fcstrisinde tek pi\u015firimde elde edilen s\u0131rlanmam\u0131\u015f ara \u00fcr\u00fcn, \u2014> Hamlama.
\n B\u0130T\u00dcM, 1) Atmosferik ve kimyevi tesirlerden etkilenmeyen, yan\u0131c\u0131 karakterde kahverengimsi sar\u0131, kahverengi veya siyah renkli tabii karbonhidratlar kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131. Bit\u00fcm sert (ozokerit, asfalt), yumu\u015fak s\u0131v\u0131ms\u0131 (petrol) veya gaz (tabii gaz) \u015feklinde olabilir. 2) Tabii asfalt\u0131n karbons\u00fclf\u00fcrde eriyen k\u0131sm\u0131 ile petrol\u00fcn dam\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131nda arta kalan k\u0131s\u0131m.
\n B\u0130T\u00dcML\u00dc KALKER, Bile\u015fiminde bit\u00fcml\u00fc maddeler bulunan ve \u00e7eki\u00e7 ile vurulunca bit\u00fcm kokusu veren kalker.
\n B\u0130T\u00dcML\u00dc \u015e\u0130ST, Genellikle ince taneli ve yaprakl\u0131 yap\u0131da olan ve \u201ckerojen\u201d adl\u0131 organik madde i\u00e7eren, \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman sentetik petrol ve gaz \u00fcretebilen tortul kaya\u00e7lara verilen isim. Bit\u00fcml\u00fc \u015fist ; bit\u00fcml\u00fc \u015feyl ve petroll\u00fc \u015feyl olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.D\u00fcnyadaki bit\u00fcml\u00fc \u015fist yataklar\u0131 ; \u00e7\u00f6kelme ortamlar\u0131, kal\u0131nl\u0131k, organik madde i\u00e7eri\u011fi, k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve di\u011fer hammadde kaynaklar\u0131 ile birlikte bulunu\u015funa g\u00f6re ;
\n 1- Kahverengi-siyah denizel platform tipi ; 2- G\u00f6lsel, 3- Linyitlerle birlikte bulunan bit\u00fcml\u00fc \u015fistler olmak \u00fczere ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00fc\u00e7 ana grupta toplanabilirler.
\n B\u0130YEL KOLU, Makinelerde bir ucu pistona ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6b\u00fcr ucu \u2014> Volan\u0131 (d\u00fczenteker) \u00e7eviren (\u00e7ubuk) kol. Biyel tertibat\u0131 pistonun itme hareketini (do\u011frusal hareket), volan d\u00f6nme hareketine (dairesel hareket) \u00e7evirmeye yarar.
\n B\u0130YOGAZ, Organik art\u0131klar\u0131n, hava al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi ile b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ili\u015fi\u011finin kesildi\u011fi olduk\u00e7a kapal\u0131 bir yerde, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta muayyen bir s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fczerinde, kimyevi bir de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe u\u011frayarak yan\u0131c\u0131 gazlar ne\u015fretmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131 olay\u0131 sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan gaz. Geli\u015fmi\u015f toplumlarda k\u0131rsal alandaki aileler i\u00e7in bir enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 te\u015fkil eden bu uygulama yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde yay\u0131lma g\u00f6stermekte olup, \u00fclkemizde son senelerde Tar\u0131m Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde bu konu ile ilgili bir birim olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur.
\n B\u0130YOK\u00d6M\u00dcR, Linyit k\u00f6m\u00fcrlerinin 4-5 cm \u00e7ap\u0131nda ve oval olarak kire\u00e7le biriketlenmesi sonucu elde edilen \u00fcr\u00fcn.
\n B\u0130YOSTRAT\u0130GRAF\u0130K B\u0130R\u0130M, \u0130\u00e7inde bulunan \u00f6zel bir fosil toplulu\u011fu dolay\u0131siyle, kom\u015fu kaya\u00e7lardan ayr\u0131labilen kaya\u00e7 tabakalar\u0131.
\n B\u0130YOT\u0130T , Form\u00fcl\u00fc K (Fe, Mg)3 (Al,Fe) Si3 O10 (OH, F)2 olan monoklinik mika; karamika, siyah renkli, heksagonal yapraklar bi\u00e7iminde bulunur. Biyotitler, demir-II, demir-III, magnezyum kutuplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir seri olu\u015fturur. \u2014> Mika.
\n BL\u0130STER BAKIR, \u0130\u00e7indeki oksitlenebilen emp\u00fcriteler (yabanc\u0131 maddeler) c\u00fcruf ve gaz haline getirilmek suretiyle ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan, y\u00fcksek ten\u00f6rl\u00fc metalik bak\u0131r. Blister bak\u0131r\u0131n i\u00e7indeki bak\u0131r oran\u0131 % 77-99 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir. K\u00fck\u00fcrt oran\u0131 ise % 0,25-0,75 aras\u0131nda olabilir.
\n BLOK, Planl\u0131 olarak ve belirli bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f \u00fcretim i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanan ve boyutland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f maden yata\u011f\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131. Bu hudutlamada kitle, genellikle dikd\u00f6rtgen prizma \u015feklinde, y\u00fcksekli\u011fi, eninden ve geni\u015fli\u011finden daha fazla olarak boyutland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.
\n BLOK \u00c7ALI\u015eMA Y\u00d6NTEM\u0130, D\u00f6ner kep\u00e7eli ekskavat\u00f6r (bager, kaz\u0131c\u0131)\u2019n\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6rt\u00fc-kaz\u0131 i\u015finde uy\u011fulanan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma. Bu y\u00f6ntemde kaz\u0131c\u0131, blok i\u00e7inde olup, paletlerin konumu ve y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f y\u00f6n\u00fc dilim y\u00f6n\u00fcne (kademe boyuna) paraleldir. Nakil arac\u0131 (bant konvey\u00f6r veya demiryolu nakliyat\u0131) dilim d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ve dilim do\u011frultusundad\u0131r. Blok b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, kullan\u0131lan kaz\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n boyutlar\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir.\u2014> \u015eekil. Bu y\u00f6ntem blok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve \u2014> Yar\u0131 blok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00f6ntemi olarak iki \u015fekilde uygulan\u0131r. \u2014> Kaz\u0131 Y\u00f6n\u00fc, \u0130\u015fletme Y\u00f6n\u00fc, Kapal\u0131 \u0130\u015fletme, A\u00e7\u0131k \u0130\u015fletme.
\n BLOK \u00c7\u00d6ZELTi Y\u00d6NTEM\u0130, Yerinde \u00e7\u00f6zelti madencili\u011fi (li\u00e7ing) ile bilinen kapal\u0131 i\u015fletmecili\u011fin birlikte uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 maden i\u015fletmecili\u011fi. Bu y\u00f6ntemde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ten\u00f6rl\u00fc madenler yeralt\u0131 odalar\u0131na doldurulur ve odan\u0131n \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131na konulan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc s\u0131v\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya cevher i\u00e7ine s\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu durumda maden y\u00fckl\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6zelti, madeni elde etmek i\u00e7in yery\u00fcz\u00fcne pompalan\u0131r. \u2014> Li\u00e7ing.
\n BLOK D\u00dc\u015eMES\u0130, \u2014> \u015eev durays\u0131zl\u0131k.
\n BLOK G\u00d6\u00c7ERTMEL\u0130 AYAK \u0130\u015eLETME METODU, 100 metreye kadar y\u00fckseklikleri olan cevher kitlelerinin, belirli boyutlarda (30x50x100 m) altlar\u0131 kesilerek \u00fcst\u00fcndeki tabakalar\u0131n tazyi\u011fi veya cevherin kendi stabilitesinin azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeni ile g\u00f6\u00e7mesi veya bloklar\u0131n etraf\u0131n\u0131n kesilmesi sa\u011flanarak damar halinde veya kitle halindeki maden yataklar\u0131na uygulanan yeralt\u0131 (\u00fcretim) i\u015fletme metodu. Blok g\u00f6\u00e7ertmeli ayak i\u015fletme metodu, cevheri yatay bloklara ay\u0131rarak veya ay\u0131rmadan panonun bir ucundan ba\u015flayarak cevherin alt\u0131n\u0131 tavandan tabana kadar kesip geri \u00e7ekilerek tavandaki g\u00f6\u00e7en cevheri almak suretiyle de y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr. Usul emniyetli, merkezi \u00fcretime (konsantrasyona) m\u00fcsait olmakla beraber uygulamada aksakl\u0131klar olmas\u0131 halinde ba\u015fka metoda ge\u00e7mek g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr.
\n BLOK G\u00d6\u00c7ERTMES\u0130, \u00c7ok kal\u0131n ve k\u0131r\u0131lgan cevheri ihtiva eden maden yataklar\u0131, bloklara ayr\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra bu bloklar\u0131n altlar\u0131 (topuklar\u0131) ate\u015flenerek blo\u011fun g\u00f6\u00e7mesi sa\u011flanmak suretiyle \u00fcretim yap\u0131lan i\u015fletme y\u00f6ntemi.
\n BLOK KAYMA, \u2014> \u015eev durays\u0131zl\u0131k.
\n BLOK TARZINDA \u0130\u015eLETME, Kal\u0131n ve genellikle mukavemeti az olan maden yataklar\u0131nda kitlenin, \u00fcst \u00fcste veya yanyana gelen panolara b\u00f6l\u00fcnerek al\u0131nmas\u0131 metodu. Maden kitlesi, ya panonun dilimlere ayr\u0131larak veya kitlenin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan istifade edilerek g\u00f6\u00e7ertilmesi suretiyle al\u0131n\u0131r.
\n BLOKAJ TA\u015eLARI, Mermer i\u015fletmecili\u011finde 7-25cm aras\u0131ndaki ebatlarda k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ta\u015f.
\n BLOV AVT PREVENTER, 1) Sondaj yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada rastlanacak bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 gaz ve s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya kontrols\u00fcz f\u0131\u015fk\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye yarayan koruyucu kuyu a\u011fz\u0131 tertibat\u0131 (vana). 2) Noel a\u011fac\u0131. 3) B.O.P. \u2014> \u015eekil.
\n BLUM, 12,5-12,5 cm\u2019den daha b\u00fcy\u00fck ve kare kesitli olan genellikle, k\u00fct\u00fcklerden haddeleme veya do\u011frudan s\u00fcrekli d\u00f6k\u00fcm suretiyle elde edilen haddelenmi\u015f demir k\u00fcl\u00e7esi.
\n BOME, \u2014> Gravite.
\n BONANZA, Bilhassa alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f madenlerinde rastlanan fevkalade derecede zenginle\u015fmi\u015f durumdaki cevher kapan\u0131.
\n BOND KANUNU, Tanelerin hacimleri ve y\u00fczey alanlar\u0131n\u0131n, gerekli k\u0131rma i\u015finin hesab\u0131nda ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden hareket ederek, ortaya konulan, modern k\u0131rma i\u015flemi kab\u00fbllerine dayanan ve k\u0131rma i\u015fleminde harcanan i\u015f miktar\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder.\u2014> Charles genel k\u0131rma kanunu.
\n BOR, Periyodik sistemin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc grubunun ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunan 2,34 gr\/cm3 \u00f6zg\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 ve 2300\u00b0C\u2019da ergiyen element. Do\u011fada serbest olarak bulunmaz; oksijenle birle\u015ferek bor tuzlar\u0131 \u015feklinde veya silikatlar h\u00e2linde bulunur. Do\u011fada 200\u2019e yak\u0131n bilinen bor bile\u015fikleri i\u00e7inde ticari \u00f6nemi olan bor miner\u00e2lleri, \u2014> Boraks,\u2014> Kernit, \u2014> \u00dcleksit, \u2014> Probertit, \u2014> Kolemanit, \u2014> Pandermit, \u2014> Szaybelit, \u2014> Hidroborasittir.
\n \u00c7ok geni\u015f ve \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlarda ticari olarak kullan\u0131lan bor mineral ve \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131 giderek artmaktad\u0131r. Bor miner\u00e2lleri ve \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 sanayi sekt\u00f6rleri, cam, seramik, temizleme ve beyazlatma, yanmay\u0131 \u00f6nleyici maddeler, tar\u0131m, metalurji, n\u00fckleer sanayileri vb\u2019 dir. Bor elementi oksijenli bile\u015fikleri \u00e7e\u015fitli elementlerle tek tek veya birka\u00e7 elementle birlikte miner\u00e2l grubu olu\u015fturur. Bor miner\u00e2lleri B2O3 i\u00e7eri\u011fine g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilir. Bor miner\u00e2llerini grupland\u0131rmak gerekirse; 1)Kristal suyu i\u00e7eren boratlar, 2) Bile\u015fik boratlar (hidroksil ve \/ veya di\u011fer tuzlar ile), 3)Borik asit (sassolit veya do\u011fal borik asit), 4)Susuz boratlar, 5) Borofluoritler, 6)Borosilikat miner\u00e2lleri olarak tefrik edilirler.
\n Bor mineralleri genelde konsantre ve rafine \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak pazarlan\u0131rlar. Rafine \u00fcr\u00fcnler boraks dekahidrat, (10 sulu boraks; kolemanit + soda k\u00fcl\u00fc reaksiyonuyla veya tinkal\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcp tekrar kristalle\u015ftirilmesiyle); boraks penta hidrat (5 sulu boraks), anhidrik boraks (susuz boraks) ve borik asittir. \u00c7e\u015fitli bor miner\u00e2llerinden rafine bor \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin elde edilmesi EK-12 \u015femada g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.
\n Bor minerallerinden elde edilen \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir kullan\u0131m alan\u0131 vard\u0131r. Rafine bor \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, do\u011frudan do\u011fruya kullan\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 gibi, sodyum metaborat, sodyum pentaborat ve sodyum perborat gibi bile\u015fikleri de end\u00fcstrinin \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlar\u0131na katk\u0131 maddesi olarak girerler. \u2014> \u015eema. Bor \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ve bile\u015fiklerinin kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131.
\n BORAKS, 1) Boron minerallerinden 10 molek\u00fcl kristal suyu ihtiva eden rafine soydum borat (monoklinal kristalli bor tuzu). Na2B4O7.10H2O. 2) Tinkal.
\n BORAS\u0130T, Sert kristal veya yumu\u015fak beyaz k\u00fctle halinde bulunan magnezyum borat (Mg6Cl2B14O26). M\u00fcstakilen bir yatak halinde olu\u015fabilece\u011fi gibi jips ve anhidrit yataklar\u0131nda da bulunur.
\n BORAT, Bor asidi ile bir oksidin birle\u015fmesinden olu\u015fan tuz. Hekimlikte ve lehim i\u015flerinde kullan\u0131lan borat, sodyum borat olup, boraks ya da tenekar adlar\u0131 ile de al\u0131n\u0131r.
\n BORKARB\u00dcR, Borik anhidritin elektrik ark\u0131nda karbonla indirgenmesiyle elde edilen (B4 C) \u00e7ok sert bir madde.
\n BOR KARP\u0130T , Boraks ve kok k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mdan elde edilen ; yapay elmasdan sonra, en sert yapay a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 (B6C).
\n BOR M\u0130NERALLER\u0130, Bor elementi oksijenli bile\u015fiklerinin, \u00e7e\u015fitli elementlerle m\u00fcnferiden veya m\u00fc\u015ftereken olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 mineral grubu. \u2014> \u00c7izelge. Bunlar\u0131n en \u00f6nemlileri \u2014> Tinkal, \u00dcleksit, Kolemanit, Pandermit gibi minerallerdir. Bor mineralleri B2O3 i\u00e7eri\u011fine g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilir. Bor minerallerini grupland\u0131rmak gerekirse; 1) Kristal suyu i\u00e7eren boratlar, 2) Bile\u015fik boratlar (hidroksil ve\/ veya di\u011fer tuzlar ile), 3) Borik asit (sassolit veya do\u011fal borik asit), 4) Susuz boratlar, 5) Borofluoritler, 6) Borosilikat mineralleri olarak tefrik edilirler. Ancak ticari \u00f6nemi olan bor mineralleri s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olup, yukar\u0131daki listede g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir:
\n Bor mineralleri genelde konsantre ve rafine \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak pazarlan\u0131rlar. Rafine \u00fcr\u00fcnler boraks dekahidrat (10 sulu boraks; kolemanit+soda k\u00fcl\u00fc reaksiyonuyla veya tinkalin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcp tekrar kristalle\u015ftirilmesiyle); boraks penta hidrat (5 sulu boraks), anhidrik boraks (susuz boraks) ve borikasittir. \u00c7e\u015fitli bor minerallerinden rafine bor \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin elde edilmesi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015femada g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.
\n Bor minerallerinden elde edilen \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir kullan\u0131m alan\u0131 vard\u0131r. Rafine bor \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, do\u011frudan do\u011fruya kullan\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 gibi; sodyum metaborat, sodyum pentaborat ve sodyum perborat gibi bile\u015fikleri de end\u00fcstrinin \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlar\u0131na katk\u0131 maddesi olarak girerler. Sayfa 48 \u2019de \u00f6zet olarak bor \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ve bile\u015fiklerinin kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.
\n BO\u015e, Mermer ocaklar\u0131ndaki bloklarda rastlanan sedimantasyon bo\u015fluklar\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck olanlara \u201cAna Bo\u015f\u201d, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olanlara \u201cAra Bo\u015f\u201d denir; bloklar\u0131n y\u0131rt\u0131l\u0131p ayr\u0131lmas\u0131nda genellikle bu bo\u015f y\u00fczeylerden yararlan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n BO\u015eLUK, \u2014> Oda.
\n BO\u015eLUK DUYARLI\u011eI, F\u00fcnye (ate\u015fleyici) i\u00e7eren yemlenmi\u015f bir \u015farj\u0131n (verici), f\u00fcnyesiz bir \u015farj\u0131 (al\u0131c\u0131) patlataca\u011f\u0131 hava aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 mesafesi.
\n BO\u015eLUK TAHK\u0130M\u0130, Galeri tahkimat\u0131 boyunduru\u011funun \u00fczerindeki bo\u015flu\u011fu tahkim etmek i\u00e7in vurulan takoz ve yast\u0131k.
\n BOYNUZ TA\u015eI, Bozuk renkli (esmer sar\u0131, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131) , saydam olmayan \u2014> Jasp. Boynuza benzedi\u011fi i\u00e7in bu isimle an\u0131l\u0131r ve ince taneli t\u00fcr\u00fcne skarn i\u00e7inde rastlan\u0131r. \u2014> Sileks.
\n BOYUNA KAMA, Manivela kolu, \u00e7ark, di\u015fli, kasnak vb. makine par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 mil ve akslara tesbit i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan kama.
\n BOYUNA KES\u0130T, Bir maden yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, galerinin veya demiryolu \u015febekesinin uzun ekseni boyunca dikey bir d\u00fczlemdeki izd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc.
\n BOYUNA PROF\u0130L, \u2014> Profil nivelman\u0131.
\n BOYUNDURUK, Galerilerde a\u011fa\u00e7 ba\u011f tahkimat\u0131nda iki ucu yan ve tavan bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layacak \u015fekilde \u00e7intili olarak haz\u0131rlan\u0131p yandirekler \u00fczerine yerle\u015ftirilen yatay veya tavan ta\u015f\u0131na uyumlu direk. Boyunduruk metal profilden de yap\u0131labilir.
\n BOZUK D\u0130NAM\u0130T, Koku yayan veya s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 yaparak ambalaj ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131n\u0131 ya\u011flam\u0131\u015f olan dinamit. Bozulmu\u015f dinamitlerin ambalaj\u0131nda bo\u015fluk g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bunlar turnusol ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131n\u0131 15 dakikadan k\u0131sa bir zamanda k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ya boyar.
\n BOZULMAMI\u015e NUMUNE, \u00d6zel karotiyer veya sempler kullan\u0131larak al\u0131nan, arazinin (temelin) \u00f6zelli\u011fini aynen vermesi istenen hi\u00e7bir deformasyona u\u011framam\u0131\u015f ve atmosferik etkilerden korunmu\u015f \u00f6zel numune.
\n BOYUTA G\u00d6RE AYIRMA, \u00c7e\u015fitli b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki tanelerin kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan olu\u015fan malzeme tanelerini belirli boyutlara g\u00f6re tasnif etmek suretiyle birbirinden ay\u0131rma i\u015flemi. Bu i\u015fleme tane b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne g\u00f6re tasnif de denir. Genellikle boyuta g\u00f6re ay\u0131rma hava ceryan\u0131, elek (\u2014> Eleme), su (\u2014> Klasifikat\u00f6r) kullan\u0131larak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir.
\n B\u00d6LGE, Madencilikte birka\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fan, \u00fcretim ve y\u00f6netim birimi.
\n B\u00d6LGESEL BA\u015eKALA\u015eIM, \u2014> Rejyonal-metamorfoz.
\n B\u00d6L\u00dcM, Birka\u00e7 kartiyeden ve karodan olu\u015fan \u00fcretim birimi.
\n B\u00d6L\u00dcNME BOYUTU, \u2014> Ay\u0131rma boyutu.
\n BRE\u015e, 1) Tektonik hareketlerden meydana gelen bas\u0131nc\u0131n etkisi ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan, k\u00f6\u015feli kaya\u00e7 par\u00e7alar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki bo\u015flu\u011fun pudinglerde oldu\u011fu gibi silisli, kalkerli, killi, demirli vb. bir \u00e7imento ile birlikte; sertle\u015fmesinden meydana gelen kaya\u00e7 ( tektonik bre\u015f). Genellikle \u00e7imentonun rengi kaya\u00e7 par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n renginden farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu cins kaya\u00e7lar cilaland\u0131klar\u0131 zaman g\u00fczel bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm arzederler. 2) K\u00f6\u015feli kaya\u00e7 par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n aralar\u0131ndaki bo\u015flu\u011fun \u00e7imento vazifesini g\u00f6ren magma ile dolarak sertle\u015fmesinden meydana gelen kaya\u00e7 (volkanik bre\u015f).
\n BRE\u015e MERMER\u0130, \u2014> Mermer.
\n BRE\u015eO\u0130D STR\u00dcKT\u00dcR, 1) K\u00f6\u015feli \u00e7ak\u0131llar\u0131n do\u011fal bir \u00e7imento ile birle\u015fmesinden has\u0131l olan kaya\u00e7 yap\u0131s\u0131. Kayac\u0131n \u00e7imentosu madensel sular\u0131n b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6kellerden meydana gelmi\u015fse buna tortul bre\u015f, magman\u0131n \u00e7imento \u00f6devini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hallerde meydana gelen kayaca da p\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u00fck bre\u015f ad\u0131 verilir. 2) Bre\u015f yap\u0131s\u0131.
\n BRE\u015e YAPISI, \u2014> Bre\u015foid str\u00fckt\u00fcr.
\n BR\u0130KET, Toz ve k\u0131r\u0131nt\u0131lardan olu\u015fan maddelerin preslerde belirli fiziksel \u015fartlar alt\u0131ndaki katk\u0131l\u0131 veya katk\u0131s\u0131z bir \u015fekilde muntazam geometrik hacimli olarak s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile elde edilen t\u00fcketim maddesi. Briket elde etme prosesine de briketleme denir. Bilhassa k\u00f6m\u00fcrler, yap\u0131 ve yol malzemeleri briketlenerek t\u00fcketime daha yararl\u0131 ve kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 hale getirilirler.
\n BR\u0130KETLEME, \u0130nce taneli maddelerin y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda veya bir ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 kullanarak presle daha b\u00fcy\u00fck par\u00e7alar haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi.
\n Briketleme;
\n a) Uygulanan s\u0131cakl\u0131k bak\u0131m\u0131ndan: -S\u0131cak briketleme-So\u011fuk briketleme
\n b) Kullan\u0131m yerine g\u00f6re: -Sanayi briketi -Ev yak\u0131t\u0131 briketi
\n c) Uygulanan y\u00f6nteme g\u00f6re: – Katk\u0131 maddeli – Katk\u0131 maddesiz olarak grupland\u0131r\u0131labilir.
\n En yayg\u0131n briketleme k\u00f6m\u00fcrde yap\u0131l\u0131r ve burada iki ama\u00e7 sa\u011flan\u0131r.Birincisi, yeterli \u0131s\u0131l de\u011fere sahip tozla\u015fan k\u00f6m\u00fcrleri de\u011ferlendirmek ; ikincisi ise y\u00fcksek su i\u00e7erikleri nedeniyle tuv\u00f6nan olarak yak\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 olan k\u00f6m\u00fcrlerin kurutma yoluyla \u0131s\u0131l de\u011ferlerinin artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve arkas\u0131ndan briketleme ile y\u00fcksek \u0131s\u0131l de\u011ferli, sa\u011flam bir yak\u0131t haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesidir. Briketleme k\u00f6m\u00fcr d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ; krom konsantreleri, demir tozlar\u0131, bak\u0131r konsantreleri, grafit, nikel tozlar\u0131 v.b gibi malzemelere de de\u011fi\u015fik katk\u0131 maddeleri kullan\u0131larak uygulan\u0131r. \u2014> Linyitlerin briketlenmesi.
\n BR\u0130NEL SERTL\u0130\u011e\u0130, Sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f \u00e7elik bir bilyenin muayyen bir y\u00fckle (P) sertli\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclecek cismin y\u00fczeyine bast\u0131r\u0131larak bilyenin cisim y\u00fczeyinde meydana getirdi\u011fi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck daire \u015feklindeki \u00e7ukurun HB = [2P\/\u015fD(D\u2013\u0161D2\u2013d2)] form\u00fcl\u00fc ile bulunmu\u015f kg\/m m2 cinsinden de\u011feri. Form\u00fclde D bilyenin, d daire \u015feklindeki \u00e7ukurun \u00e7aplar\u0131d\u0131r. \u2014> Rokvel Sertli\u011fi.
\n BRONZ, Bak\u0131r ve kalay metallerin belirli oranlarda kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak ergitilmesi suretiyle elde edilen ala\u015f\u0131m.
\n BROYNER\u0130T, \u2014> Manyezit.
\n BTU (British thermal unit), Bir libre (454 gr) suyun s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bir fahrenhayt art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in gerekli olan \u0131s\u0131 miktar\u0131, ki bu yakla\u015f\u0131k bir kilokalorinin d\u00f6rtte biri kadard\u0131r. \u2014> K\u0131saltmalar.
\n BUHAR, 1) Kaynama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00fczerinde \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f maddenin yo\u011funla\u015fmaya yak\u0131n gaz hali. 2) Az bas\u0131n\u00e7 artmas\u0131 veya s\u0131cakl\u0131k d\u00fc\u015fmesi ile tamamen s\u0131v\u0131 haline ge\u00e7meye haz\u0131r yani yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131p s\u0131v\u0131 hale ge\u00e7meye yak\u0131n durumda bulunan bir maddenin hali. 3) Yo\u011funla\u015fma noktas\u0131na yak\u0131n bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta buharla\u015fma faz\u0131nda bulunan bir maddenin sis ve gaz olarak birarada bulundu\u011fu durum.
\n BUHAR KAZANI, Buhar elde etmek i\u00e7in; alev borulu, su borulu, alev ve su borulu olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli sistemler halinde hareketli veya sabit \u0131zgaral\u0131 veya yak\u0131t p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtmeli olarak imal edilen tesis.
\n BUHAR SANTRALI, \u2014> Elektrik enerjisi \u00fcretim tesisleri.
\n BULAMA\u00c7, \u2014> Palp. \u015elam.
\n BULDOZER, \u00d6n\u00fcndeki b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 sa\u011fa ve sola d\u00f6nd\u00fcrme hareketi verilemeyen; ancak yukar\u0131 ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru hareket verilebilen kaz\u0131y\u0131p ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 (yay\u0131c\u0131) i\u015f makinas\u0131. \u2014> Angldozer.
\n BULON, \u2014> Temel c\u0131vatas\u0131.
\n BULUCULUK, Herhangi bir ruhsat d\u00f6neminde, y\u00f6netmeli\u011finde belirtildi\u011fi \u015fekilde, bir maden zuhurunun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131.
\n BULUCULUK HAKKI, Maden yataklar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olanlara tan\u0131nan (maden hakk\u0131) maddi imkanlar.
\n BUM, 1) Bagerde kep\u00e7eyi ta\u015f\u0131yan uzun kol. 2) Seren.
\n BUNKER, \u2014> Silo.
\n BUREAU OF M\u0130NES Y\u00d6NTEM\u0130, Ferrik klor\u00fcr\u00fcn oksitleyici \u00f6zelli\u011fini kullanan ABD \u201c Maden B\u00fcrosu\u201d ara\u015ft\u0131rma merkezinde geli\u015ftirilen hidrometalurji prensiplerine dayal\u0131 bak\u0131r \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemi. \u2014> \u015eekil.
\n BURGU, 1) Gev\u015fek formasyonda delik delmek ve k\u0131r\u0131nt\u0131 numune almak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan helezon \u00e7ubuk. 2) \u2014> Matkap \u00e7ubu\u011fu.
\n BURGULU NUMUNE ALMA AYGITI, Tane b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 25mm ye kadar olan \u2014> Toz k\u00f6m\u00fcr stoklar\u0131ndan n\u00fcmune almada kullan\u0131lan, boyut ve bi\u00e7imi TSE taraf\u0131ndan belirlenmi\u015f, uzunlu\u011fu 1m olan boru \u015feklindeki \u00e7elik veya aluminyum sapa ili\u015ftirilen \u00e7apraz par\u00e7aya monte edilmi\u015f iki dura\u011fan b\u0131\u00e7ak a\u011f\u0131zl\u0131 kanatlardan olu\u015fan gere\u00e7.\u2014> \u015eekil, Numune.
\n BURGU MAK\u0130NES\u0130YLE YAPILAN A\u00c7IK \u0130\u015eLETME METODU (AUGER MINING), Yatay veya yataya yak\u0131n tabaka halindeki maden yataklar\u0131nda, a\u00e7\u0131k i\u015fletme panosunda D\/K oran\u0131 ekonomik s\u0131n\u0131ra geldi\u011fi zaman, yeralt\u0131 i\u015fletmesine ge\u00e7meden, pano aln\u0131nda galeri a\u00e7ma makineleri- bant veya spiral nakliyat sistemi kullanarak veya klasik usullerle birbirine yak\u0131n ve paralel; tavan, taban ve madenin stabilitesine g\u00f6re; 50-150 m\u2019lik tahkimats\u0131z galeriler a\u00e7mak suretiyle a\u00e7\u0131k i\u015fletme panosundan daha fazla \u00fcretim yap\u0131lmas\u0131na imkan veren (\u00fcretim) i\u015fletme metodu.\u2014> \u015eekil 1 ve 2.
\n BURGU UCU, \u2014> La\u011f\u0131m burgusu.
\n BUSTER, Yard\u0131mc\u0131 \u00fcnite.
\n BUSTER KOMPRES\u00d6R, Ana kompres\u00f6rden daha y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava elde etmek i\u00e7in kompres\u00f6r\u00fcn hava emi\u015f taraf\u0131na veya bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 havan\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde bas\u0131nc\u0131 y\u00fckseltmek i\u00e7in, devreye seri olarak kurulan yard\u0131mc\u0131 kompres\u00f6r.
\n BUSTER PERVANE, Bir galeriden ge\u00e7en t\u00fcm havan\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckselterek hava ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in galeride kullan\u0131lan yard\u0131mc\u0131 pervane.
\n BUSTER TULUMBA, Ana tulumbaya emi\u015f kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan yard\u0131mc\u0131 tulumba.
\n BUSTER VANT\u0130LAT\u00d6R, Havaland\u0131rma sisteminde ana vantilat\u00f6r\u00fcn y\u00fcksek depresyonla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in, direnci y\u00fcksek olan yollara kurulan yard\u0131mc\u0131 vantilat\u00f6r.
\n BUZULTA\u015eI, \u2014> Moren.
\n B\u00dcNYE NEM\u0130, Havada kuru k\u00f6m\u00fcr numunesinin 105\u00b0C s\u0131cakl\u0131kta oksijensiz ortamda kal\u0131c\u0131 bir a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011fa ula\u015f\u0131ncaya kadar kaybetti\u011fi\u2014> Rutubet.
\n B\u00dcR, Katlar veya tali katlar aras\u0131nda bulunan; \u00f6zellikle maden naklinde kullan\u0131lan \u2014> Kelebe veya i\u00e7 kuyu.
\n B\u00dcY\u00dcK A\u00c7IK \u0130\u015eLETME, G\u00fcnl\u00fck istihsali 1000 ton\u2019dan fazla olan a\u00e7\u0131k i\u015fletme.
\n B\u00dcY\u00dcK HAZIRLIK, Ocaklarda ana kuyular, kat la\u011f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, ana havaland\u0131rma ile su ihra\u00e7 sistemleri, tumba ve y\u00fckleme istasyonlar\u0131 haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n te\u00e7hizi gibi amenajman i\u015fleri.
\n B\u00dcY\u00dcK ONARIM, 1) Tesis, makine, cihaz ve aletlerin s\u00fcrekli ve kuvvetli bir bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve temas veya \u0131s\u0131 ve nem alt\u0131nda bulunmayan veya bulunsa dahi k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmesi ola\u011fan olmayan ana par\u00e7alar\u0131n veya tesis k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n fabrikasyon hatas\u0131, ayar bozuklu\u011fu veya kaza gibi ar\u0131zi nedenlerle k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmesi ve bozulmas\u0131 sonucu de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi. 2) Ola\u011fan uzun d\u00f6nemli revizyonlar\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirme ve onar\u0131m.<\/p>\n
C<\/p>\n
CAM, 1) Silis veya bor anhidriti gibi cam haline gelebilen, alkaliler gibi kolay eriyen ve kire\u00e7 gibi dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 elementlerden meydana gelmi\u015e bir kar\u0131\u015e\u0131m\u0131n ergitilmesiyle yap\u0131lan saydam ve \u00e7abuk k\u0131r\u0131lan madde. 2) S\u0131r\u00e7a. 3) Kadeh. CAMBO, \u2014> Jumbo.
\n CAM C\u0130LA, Saydam minerallerinin \u00e7o\u011funda bulunan cila olup cam, da\u011f kristali, barit ve bir\u00e7ok silikatlar bu g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc verirler.\u2014> Minerallerin parlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131.
\n CAM \u0130PL\u0130\u011e\u0130, \u2014>Cam y\u00fcn\u00fcnden veya pamu\u011fundan, normal iplik yap\u0131m sistemlerine g\u00f6re \u00e7ekilmi\u015e veya s\u00fczge\u00e7lerden bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda elde edilmi\u015e cam iplik. Cam maddesi inceldik\u00e7e elastikiyet kazan\u0131r. Bu \u00f6zellikten dolay\u0131, yakla\u015e\u0131k 0,5 mikron incelikteki cam iplikleri birbirleriyle katlayarak b\u00fckmek ve istenilen kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa getirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Cam ipli\u011fi sanayide \u00f6zel \u015eekilde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015e s\u00fcs veya kad\u0131n e\u015eyalar\u0131 dokunmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmakta ve bazen de fantezi iplik yap\u0131m\u0131nda di\u011fer mensucat ham maddeleriyle kar\u0131\u015et\u0131r\u0131labilmektedir.
\n CAM PAMU\u011eU, Pamuk y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 halinde elde edilmi\u015e cam lifi. Cam pamu\u011fu, erimi\u015e cam kitlesinin 1500-1700\u00b0C aras\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta ve y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7la gayet ince delikli (takriben 0,5-4 mikron) eleklerden ge\u00e7irilmesiyle elde edilir. Lif haline gelen cam\u0131n, s\u00fczge\u00e7 deliklerinden f\u0131\u015ek\u0131rma h\u0131z\u0131 dakikada yakla\u015e\u0131k 21.000m. olmal\u0131 ve \u00e7\u0131kan lifler d\u00f6nen bir \u015eerit \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015eerek f\u0131r\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131ndan derhal uzakla\u015et\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Pamuk y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015e\u00fcnde olan cam pamu\u011fundan, normal iplik yapma sistemleri ile iplik yap\u0131labildi\u011fi gibi, \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 ve elekti\u011fi iletmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in kurutma sobalar\u0131nda veya buzdolaplar\u0131nda izolan olarak kullan\u0131labilir.
\n CAM Y\u00dcN\u00dc, \u0130nce elyaf haline getirilmi\u015e cam y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131. Elyaf incelikleri 3-4 mikron aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015eir. Bu malzemenin \u0131s\u0131ya kar\u015e\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fc iletken olmas\u0131 izolan olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.
\n CANAVAR D\u00dcD\u00dc\u011e\u00dc, 1) \u0130\u00e7inden hava ya da buhar ge\u00e7ince uyar\u0131c\u0131 ses \u00e7\u0131karan ve uzaklara kadar tehlike i\u015eareti vermek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ara\u00e7. 2) Siren.
\n CAP ROCK (Keprok), Petrol, gaz, tuz domu yataklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rten ge\u00e7irimsiz \u00f6rt\u00fc tabakas\u0131. \u2014> Petrol yataklar\u0131. \u2014> \u00d6rt\u00fc tabakas\u0131.
\n CARALOX, \u2014> Korund.
\n CARDOX S\u0130STEM\u0130, \u2014> Kardoks y\u00f6ntemi.
\n CAS\u0130NG, \u2014> Muhafaza borusu.
\n CEB\u0130RE, Raylar\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flamaya yarayan pabu\u00e7.
\n CEBR\u0130 HAVALANDIRMA, \u2014> Tali havaland\u0131rma.
\n CEP, 1) Her tip galeri, varagel, vin\u00e7 dip ve ba\u015elar\u0131yla ara katlarda; korunma, malzeme koyma vb. ama\u00e7larla genellikle bu galeri istikametine dik istikamette a\u00e7\u0131lan k\u0131sa ve k\u00f6r rekup veya s\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131labilecek boyuttaki yuva. 2) Petrol, do\u011falgaz ve cevher yataklar\u0131nda ana k\u00fctleden ayr\u0131 veya ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak te\u015eekk\u00fcl etmi\u015e k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck zuhur. 3) \u2014> Ni\u015e.
\n CEP SANTRALI, \u2014> Kojenerasyon sistemi.
\n CER HALATI, Varagel ve vin\u00e7te y\u00fck\u00fc (arabalar\u0131) \u00e7eken halat.
\n CER KUES\u0130, Havai hatlar\u0131n ta\u015e\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 halatlar\u0131n\u0131 gerdirmeye yarayan, \u00f6zel \u015eekilde haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015e \u00e7elik konstr\u00fcksiyon pilon.
\n CER MAKARASI, \u2014> Molet.
\n CEVHER, Do\u011frudan do\u011fruya veya baz\u0131 i\u015elemler sonucu zenginle\u015etirilerek end\u00fcstride t\u00fcketim yeri bulunabilen ve ekonomik de\u011feri olan bir veya birka\u00e7 mineralden olu\u015emu\u015e kaya\u00e7. Cevher, metal \u00fcretiminin hammaddesini te\u015ekil eder. De\u011ferli mineraller metalik elementleri i\u00e7ermiyorsa cevher tabiri yerine end\u00fcstriyel hammadde deyimi kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n CEVHER HAZIRLAMA, Cevheri, zenginle\u015etir-meye haz\u0131r duruma getirebilmek amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lan; k\u0131rma, \u00f6\u011f\u00fctme, tane b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131flan-d\u0131rma gibi i\u015elemler toplulu\u011fu.
\n CEVHER ZENG\u0130NLE\u015eT\u0130RME, Cevher haz\u0131rlama i\u015elemlerine tabi olmu\u015e \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn; flotasyon, a\u011f\u0131r mayi, manyetik, elektrostatik vb. usullerin uygulanmas\u0131 suretiyle metalurjik i\u015elemler yap\u0131labilir veya sat\u0131labilir niteli\u011fe getirilmesini sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken i\u015elemler toplulu\u011fu.
\n CEVHER ZENG\u0130NLE\u015eT\u0130RME E\u011eR\u0130S\u0130, \u2014> Y\u0131kama e\u011frileri.
\n CEV\u0130Z, \u2014> Sat\u0131labilir.
\n CHANGE KUM KON\u0130S\u0130, Derin a\u011f\u0131r ortam (a\u011f\u0131r mayi) ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131.\u2014> Statik a\u011f\u0131r ortam (a\u011f\u0131r mayi) ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131, \u2014> K\u00f6m\u00fcr y\u0131kama y\u00f6ntemleri
\n CHARLES GENEL KIRILMA KANUNU, K\u0131r\u0131lma hakk\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca belirli k\u0131r\u0131lma \u015eartlar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015e\u0131layan;\u2014> Rittinger, \u2014> Bond ve \u2014> Kick kanunlar\u0131n\u0131 genel bir diferansiyel denklemle ifade eden bir k\u0131r\u0131lma kanunu:
\n d(d)
\n A=\u0192 – C \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 kwh \/ t,
\n d 01 da
\n burada C ve a, \u0131ntegrasyon i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 zamanda de\u011fi\u015eken kabul edilen yaln\u0131z kaba \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler i\u00e7in sabite olarak kabul edilen de\u011ferler,
\n d01 : Besleme mal\u0131n ortalama tane irili\u011fini,
\n d02 : K\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015e mal\u0131n ortalama tane irili\u011fini ifade
\n eder.
\n Bu form\u00fclden a=2 i\u00e7in \u2014> Rittinger, a= 1 i\u00e7in \u2014> Kick, a= 1,5 i\u00e7in \u2014> Bond kanunu elde edilir. K\u0131r\u0131lmada a de\u011feri yaln\u0131z 1, 1,5 veya 2 de\u011ferlerini de\u011fil, k\u0131r\u0131lma \u015eartlar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak 1 ile 2 aras\u0131ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcn de\u011ferleri alabilir.
\n CFR (COST AND FREIGHT- MAL BEDEL\u0130 VE NAVLUN), \u0130\u015eleme konu olan mallar\u0131n belirtilen var\u0131\u015e yerine kadar ta\u015e\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan masraflar\u0131 ve navlun bedelini sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6demesi anlam\u0131na gelen uluslararas\u0131 ticaret kavram\u0131. Ancak CFR anla\u015emas\u0131nda, mallara ili\u015ekin kay\u0131p ve hasar riski ile birlikte, mallar\u0131n gemi bordas\u0131na aktar\u0131lmas\u0131ndan itibaren meydana gelebilecek olaylardan kaynaklanan b\u00fct\u00fcn ek masraflar, mallar y\u00fckleme liman\u0131nda gemi bordas\u0131na ge\u00e7ti\u011fi andan itibaren sat\u0131c\u0131dan al\u0131c\u0131ya devrolur. CFR terimi, mallar\u0131n ihra\u00e7 i\u015elemlerinin sat\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcr. (Incoterms 1990).
\n CIF (COST, INSURANCE AND FREIGHT-MAL BEDEL\u0130 S\u0130GORTA VE NAVLUN), \u2014> CFR terimindeki y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerine ek olarak ta\u015e\u0131ma s\u0131ras\u0131nda mallar\u0131n kay\u0131p ve hasar riskine kar\u015e\u0131 deniz sigortas\u0131 yapt\u0131rma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ifade eden uluslararas\u0131 ticaret terimi. Al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n, CIF anla\u015emas\u0131nda dikkate almas\u0131 gereken husus, sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n asgari d\u00fczeyde bir sigorta yapt\u0131rabilece\u011finin beklenmesidir. CIF terimi, mallar\u0131n ihra\u00e7 i\u015elemlerinin sat\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcr. (Incoterms 1990).
\n CLAUS Y\u00d6NTEM\u0130,\u2014> K\u00fck\u00fcrt.
\n CIP (CARR\u0130AGE AND INSURANCE PA\u0130D TO – TA\u015eIMA VE S\u0130GORTA BEDEL\u0130 \u00d6DENM\u0130\u015e OLARAK TESL\u0130M), Sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n\u2014 \u2014> CPT teriminde belirtilen y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerine ek olarak; mallar\u0131n ta\u015e\u0131nmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda kay\u0131p ve hasar riskine kar\u015e\u0131 al\u0131c\u0131ya y\u00fck sigortas\u0131 sa\u011flama zorunda oldu\u011fu durumunu ifade eden uluslararas\u0131 ticaret terimi. Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015ele; sat\u0131c\u0131, sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015emesini akdeder ve sigorta primini \u00f6der. Ancak; al\u0131c\u0131; asgari sigorta kapsam\u0131na g\u00f6re, sigorta i\u015eleminin yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dikkate almal\u0131d\u0131r. CIP terimi, mallar\u0131n ihra\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015e i\u015elemlerinin sat\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcr. (Incoterms 1990).
\n CIP-Y\u00d6NTEM\u0130, \u2014> Karbon in pulp y\u00f6ntemi.
\n CIVA (Hg), \u00d6zg\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 13,6 gr\/cm3, atom numaras\u0131 80, atom a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 200,61 olan ve normal \u0131s\u0131da s\u0131v\u0131 halinde bulunan g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015e renkli metal. C\u0131va yaln\u0131z \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda de\u011fil, normal s\u0131cakl\u0131kta da zehirli buhar \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131r. C\u0131van\u0131n en \u00f6nemli minerali sinober (HgS) dir. Termometre, barometre, vakum tulumbalar\u0131, c\u0131va buharl\u0131 lambalar ve redres\u00f6rlerde c\u0131va kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca aynalar\u0131n s\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda, alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015e \u00fcretiminde, t\u0131pta tedavi maddesi olarak c\u0131vadan faydalan\u0131l\u0131r. C\u0131va elde edilmesi, prensipte civan\u0131n 400\u00b0C c\u0131var\u0131nda buharla\u015et\u0131r\u0131larak so\u011futulmas\u0131 esas\u0131na dayan\u0131r. D\u00fcnya c\u0131va ticareti, sinober cevheri olarak de\u011fil,\u00f6zel olarak imal edilmi\u015e metal \u015ei\u015eeler i\u00e7inde ve 76 pound olarak yap\u0131l\u0131r ve \u00fcretim miktar\u0131 ve rezervler de \u015ei\u015ee olarak ifade edilir.
\n \u0130lk \u00fcretim (birincil) c\u0131va metalinin % 99,9 derecesinde saf, temiz ve parlak bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcye sahip olmas\u0131, di\u011fer baz metallerin b\u00fcnyesinde 1 ppm (part per million)\u2019den az olmas\u0131 istenir ve bu durum da her t\u00fcrl\u00fc kullan\u0131m alan\u0131nda ticari i\u015elem g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Daha saf c\u0131van\u0131n elde edilmesi i\u00e7in birka\u00e7 kademeli destilasyon i\u015elemine ve elektrolitik rafinasyona tabi tutulmas\u0131 gerekir. 1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda c\u0131va fiyatlar\u0131ndaki dalgalanmalar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek, arz ve talep dengesini sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla ASSIMER (Assocition of Mercury Producer), Meksika, Cezayir, \u0130talya, Ispanya ve Yugoslavya\u2019n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla kurulmu\u015e, fakat aktif olamam\u0131\u015et\u0131r.
\n CIVATA, Birbirine ba\u011flanmak istenen a\u011fa\u00e7 veya metal par\u00e7alar \u00fczerinde haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015e olan deli\u011fe yerle\u015etirilerek somunu s\u0131k\u0131lmak suretiyle ba\u011flamay\u0131 sa\u011flayan tesbit ve ekleme par\u00e7as\u0131. C\u0131vatalar\u0131n tesir tarz\u0131, vidalar ve kamalarda oldu\u011fu gibi e\u011fik d\u00fczlem kanunlar\u0131na dayan\u0131r. C\u0131vata di\u015eleri \u00fc\u00e7gen, yuvarlak, trapez, testere vb. \u015eekillerde tek a\u011f\u0131zl\u0131 (tek helezon), iki a\u011f\u0131zl\u0131 (\u00e7ift helezon) olarak da yap\u0131l\u0131r. C\u0131vatan\u0131n ba\u015e\u0131 alt\u0131 k\u00f6\u015ee, \u00e7eki\u00e7, silindirik veya yar\u0131m yuvarlak olabilir. Ba\u015e\u0131n\u0131n \u015eekline g\u00f6re alt\u0131 k\u00f6\u015ee-, \u00e7eki\u00e7-hav\u015ee-, d\u00f6rtk\u00f6\u015ee-, g\u00f6mme (hav\u015ee)-, g\u00f6mme ve mercimek-, ve yar\u0131m yuvarlak ba\u015el\u0131 c\u0131vata vb. \u015eeklinde isimlendirilir.
\n C\u0130LA, 1) Bir y\u00fczeyi d\u0131\u015e etkenlerden (ya\u011fmur, su, s\u0131cakl\u0131k gibi) korumak ve, veya parlakl\u0131k gibi g\u00fczel bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm vermek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan kimyasal bile\u015eik. 2) Parlakl\u0131k. Cilal\u0131 (parlak) y\u00fczeylerin ay\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve tarifini yapabilmek ve ayr\u0131ca minerallerin do\u011fal g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc belirtmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan kelime. \u2014> Minerallerin parlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131.
\n C\u0130LALI PLAK, Mermer i\u015eletmecili\u011finde perdahl\u0131 pl\u00e2klar\u0131n cil\u00e2 makinalar\u0131nda cil\u00e2 ta\u015e\u0131 ve cil\u00e2 malzemesiyle cil\u00e2lanm\u0131\u015e hali.
\n CMC, \u0130\u00e7ine b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda alkali ve toprak alkali tuzlar kar\u0131\u015ean sondaj \u00e7amurunun bozulan \u00f6zelli\u011fini d\u00fczelten bir bak\u0131ma \u00e7amuru stabilize eden bir kimyevi madde olup, kimyasal ismi karboksimetilsel\u00fcl\u00f6z\u2019d\u00fcr.
\n CO\u011eRAF\u0130 \u0130\u015eARETLER, \u2014> Patent.
\n CONTA, \u0130\u00e7erisinden s\u0131v\u0131, buhar, bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava ve gaz nakledilecek olan borular\u0131n ve bu nevi maddelerin i\u00e7inde saklanaca\u011f\u0131 veya s\u0131k\u0131\u015et\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 muhafaza d\u00fczenlerinin par\u00e7alar\u0131 aras\u0131nda s\u0131zd\u0131rma ve ka\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nlemek (ge\u00e7irmezli\u011fi sa\u011flamak) amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lan lastik, plastik, bak\u0131r, kur\u015eun, baz\u0131 ala\u015e\u0131mlar, mantar, amyant, klingirit vb. maddelerden imal edilmi\u015e malzeme.
\n COREX Y\u00d6NTEM\u0130, Demir-\u00e7elik \u00fcretiminde y\u00fcksek f\u0131r\u0131n teknolojisine alternatif olarak geli\u015etirilen \u00e7elik \u00fcretimine y\u00f6nelik bir direkt ergitmeli red\u00fcksiyon prosesi. \u2014> Y\u00fcksek f\u0131r\u0131n prosesine benzeyen bu y\u00f6ntem kokla\u015eamayan k\u00f6m\u00fcre dayal\u0131 s\u0131cak metal \u00fcretimi yapar. Corex prosesinde kok fabrikas\u0131 ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in maliyeti olduk\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015e\u00fckt\u00fcr. Corex y\u00f6ntemine g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015ean tesis ilk olarak G\u00fcney Afrika, Iscor-Pretoria i\u015eletmelerinde kurulmu\u015etur.
\n COWARD \u00dc\u00c7GEN\u0130, Metan, oksijen ve azot kar\u0131\u015e\u0131mlar\u0131ndan olu\u015ean grizu ortam\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren patlama diyagram\u0131. \u2014> \u015eekil.
\n CPM, Kritik Yol Metodu (Critical Path Method) deyiminin k\u0131salt\u0131lmas\u0131. \u2014> Kritik yol metodu. \u015eebeke planlamas\u0131.
\n CPT (TA\u015eIMA \u00dcCRET\u0130 \u00d6DENM\u0130\u015e OLARAK TESL\u0130M), Mallar\u0131n belirlenen var\u0131\u015e yerine ta\u015e\u0131nmas\u0131nda navlunun sat\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6dendi\u011fini ifade eden uluslararas\u0131 ticaret terimi. CPT anla\u015emas\u0131nda, mallar\u0131n ta\u015e\u0131y\u0131c\u0131ya aktar\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra mallarla ilgili kay\u0131p ve hasar riski ayr\u0131ca bu teslim i\u015eleminden sonra meydana gelebilecek olaylar\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn ek masraflar sat\u0131c\u0131dan al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine ge\u00e7er. \u201c Ta\u015e\u0131y\u0131c\u0131\u201d bir ta\u015e\u0131ma s\u00f6zle\u015emesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde mallar\u0131n demiryolu, karayolu, denizyolu, havayolu, nehir ya da bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n birarada kullan\u0131lmas\u0131yla ta\u015e\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u015elemini bizzat \u00fczerine alan ya da bunu yapma taahh\u00fcd\u00fcnde bulunan herhangi bir \u015eahs\u0131 tan\u0131mlar. E\u011fer mallar\u0131n belirlenen var\u0131\u015e yerine ula\u015et\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in birbiri ard\u0131na ta\u015e\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar kullan\u0131l\u0131yorsa, birlikte risk de devredilmi\u015e olur. CPT terimi, mallar\u0131n g\u00fcmr\u00fck \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015e i\u015elemlerinin sat\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tamamlanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcr. (Incoterms 1990).
\n CROSS METODU, Kesitler \u00fczerindeki e\u011fitim de\u011fi\u015eti\u011fi her noktan\u0131n kotlar\u0131 ve baza olan yatay mesafeleri ile yap\u0131lan ve b\u00f6ylece alan bulmaya y\u00f6nelik hesap \u015eekli.
\n CUT OFF GRADE, 1) Bir madenin \u00fcretim miktar\u0131n\u0131n ayarlanmas\u0131 ile de\u011fi\u015een ve ekonomik i\u015eletilebilirlik s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen en d\u00fc\u015e\u00fck ten\u00f6r. 2) Ten\u00f6r\u00fcn i\u015eletilebilirlik noktas\u0131.
\n C\u00dcRUF, 1) Kat\u0131 yak\u0131tlar\u0131n yanmas\u0131 sonucu artakalan, eriyip kat\u0131la\u015em\u0131\u015e maddeler. 2) Metallerin izabesinde f\u0131r\u0131nda en \u00fcst k\u0131s\u0131mda toplanan ve yerine g\u00f6re at\u0131lan veya \u00f6zel i\u015eleme tabi tutularak in\u015eaat kumu, kald\u0131r\u0131mta\u015e\u0131, c\u00fcruf \u00e7imentosu vb. imalatta kullan\u0131labilen art\u0131k. \u2014> Y\u00fcksek f\u0131r\u0131n c\u00fcrufu.
\n C\u00dcRUF \u00c7\u0130MENTOSU, Y\u00fcksek f\u0131r\u0131n c\u00fcruflar\u0131n-dan da yararlan\u0131larak imal edilen \u00e7imento.
\n CYMET Y\u00d6NTEM\u0130, Ferrik klor\u00fcr\u00fcn oksitleyici \u00f6zelli\u011fini kullanan hidrometalurjik prensiplerine dayal\u0131 bak\u0131r \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
ABATAJ, 1) Tabii konumundaki madenin, kazma, martopik\u00f6r, \u2014> dinamit, vb. ara\u00e7larla yerinden s\u00f6k\u00fclmesi ve ta\u015f\u0131maya haz\u0131r hale getirilmesi. 2) \u2014> Kaz\u0131. AB\u0130SAL FAS\u0130YES, 1) Derinli\u011fi 900 m\u2019den fazla olan deniz diplerindeki \u00e7\u00f6keller. 2) Derin deniz fasiyesi. \u2014> Fasiyes. ABSORPS\u0130YON, 1) Absorb etme, emme yani su veya di\u011fer s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n, kat\u0131 malzemenin g\u00f6ze-neklerinin i\u00e7ine girmesi. Y\u00fcksek absorpsiyon …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[4885,3676,2258,5450,5453,4252,3658,2988,5451,5452,5449,5447,5445,2268,5446,5448,2201,5254,2266],"class_list":["post-2182","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-alasim","tag-altimetre","tag-aluminyum","tag-aluminyum-hidrat","tag-aluminyum-silikat","tag-amonyak","tag-boksit","tag-deprem","tag-kalsiyum-sulfat","tag-killi-sist","tag-korund","tag-luletasi","tag-madencilik-terimleri-sozlugu-1","tag-magnezyum","tag-martopikor","tag-otokton-maden-yataklari","tag-petrol","tag-silis","tag-sodyum"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2182","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2182"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2182\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2182"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2182"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2182"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}