K\u00f6pekgiller (Canidae), et\u00e7iller (Carnivora) tak\u0131m\u0131na ait bir familya.<\/p>\n
K\u00f6pek, kurt, tilki ve \u00e7akal t\u00fcrleri k\u00f6pekgiller familyas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015ftururlar. K\u00f6pekgiller d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her k\u0131tas\u0131nda yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Eskiden Avustralya, Yeni Zellanda, Yeni Gine, Madagaskar ve G\u00fcney kutbunda bulunmazlard\u0131 ama son biny\u0131llar i\u00e7erisinde insanlar\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla buralara da yerle\u015febilmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
Familyan\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir farkla en yayg\u0131n ve en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f mensubu olan k\u00f6pe\u011fin (Canis lupus familaris) insanlar\u0131n elinde geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f 300 civar\u0131nda birbirlerinden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmlere sahib \u0131rklar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden familyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck mensublar\u0131 k\u00f6pek \u0131rklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bulunabilir. Ancak do\u011fal k\u00f6pekgil t\u00fcrlerinin aras\u0131nda en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckleri (40 cm + 25 cm kuyruk. 1,5 kg) uzun kulakl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6l tilkisi ve en b\u00fcy\u00fckleri (160 cm + 52 cm kuyruk. 80 kg) kurdun Alaska ve Kuzey Avrupa’da bulunan bir alt t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Ortak \u00f6zellikleri <\/p>\n
K\u00f6pekgillerin daima uzun ve yass\u0131 bir kafatas\u0131, genelde 42 di\u015fleri vard\u0131r; sadece \u00e7al\u0131 k\u00f6pe\u011fi, Asya yaban k\u00f6pe\u011fi ve iri kulakl\u0131 tilkinin di\u011ferlerinden farkl\u0131 olarak 44 di\u015fi olur. Di\u015f ve \u00e7ene yap\u0131lar\u0131 koparmak ve \u00e7i\u011fnemek i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f gibidir. Her \u015fey yiyici hayvanlard\u0131r, ama en \u00e7ok et ile beslenmeyi severler.<\/p>\n
Parmaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrler. \u00d6n ayaklar\u0131nda 5 ve arka ayaklar\u0131nda 4 parmaklar\u0131 bulunur. En m\u00fchim duyu organlar\u0131 burunlar\u0131d\u0131r. Koku alma kabiliyetleri \u00e7ok iyi geli\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Canini ile Vulpini oymaklar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki farklar <\/p>\n
* Canini: Uzun bacaklar, dik bir y\u00fcz, yuvarlak g\u00f6z mercekleri, s\u00fcrek avc\u0131s\u0131.
\n * Vulpini: K\u0131sa bacaklar, sivri bir surat, uzun ve g\u00fcr bir kuyruk, g\u00f6z mercekleri dikey bir uzant\u0131 \u015feklinde, gizlice yakla\u015farak avlar.<\/p>\n
Evrim tarihi <\/p>\n
K\u00f6pekgillerin ilk atalar\u0131n\u0131n 60 milyon evvel Kuzey Amerika’da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ancak bu “Miacis” cinsini olu\u015fturan ilk atalar\u0131, uzun v\u00fccutlu, k\u0131sa bacakl\u0131, kedilerde oldu\u011fu gibi t\u0131rnaklar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eriye \u00e7ekme yetene\u011fine sahip ve ay\u0131lar gibi ayak tabanlar\u0131na basarak y\u00fcr\u00fcyen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck hayvanlard\u0131. Bu y\u00fczden Miacis cinsinden ayn\u0131 zamanda kedigiller, s\u0131rtlangiller, sansargiller, rakungiller, misk kedisigiller ve ay\u0131giller familyalar\u0131n\u0131n da t\u00fcremi\u015f oldu\u011fu kabul edilir.<\/p>\n
15 milyon y\u0131l evvel bug\u00fcnk\u00fc k\u00f6pekgillere daha \u00e7ok benzeyen bir cins ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; Tomarctus. Bu cinsin bacaklar\u0131 daha uzun, ayaklar\u0131 daha toplu, a\u011fz\u0131 daha uzun ve beyni Miacis cinsinden \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011fu ve hatta ya\u015fam \u015feklinin de bug\u00fcnk\u00fc k\u00f6pekgillere benzemi\u015f oldu\u011fu tespit edilmi\u015ftir. B\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00f6pekgillerin bu cinsten t\u00fcredi\u011fi kabul edilir.<\/p>\n
Canis cinsinin en eski fosilleri 2 milyon ya\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r ve Avrasya’da bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye’nin k\u00f6pekgilleri
\n Kurt (Can\u0131s lupus)
\n Kurt (Can\u0131s lupus)<\/p>\n
* Kurt (Canis lupus)
\n * K\u00f6pek (Canis lupus familaris)
\n * Alt\u0131n \u00e7akal (Canis aureus)
\n * K\u0131z\u0131l tilki (Vulpes vulpes)<\/p>\n
Baz\u0131 kaynaklara g\u00f6re Asya yaban k\u00f6pe\u011fi’de T\u00fcrkiye’nin kuzeydo\u011fusunda g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr, ama bu haberler hen\u00fcz emin olabilecek nitelikte de\u011fildr.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca korsak tilkisi, rakun k\u00f6pe\u011fi ve kum tilkisinin T\u00fcrkiye’de bulunma ihtimalleri vard\u0131r ama bu fikirlerin herhangi bir kan\u0131t\u0131 yoktur.<\/p>\n
S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma [de\u011fi\u015ftir]<\/p>\n
K\u00f6pe\u011fe benzeyen t\u00fcrleri ve tilkiye benzeyen t\u00fcrleri k\u00f6pekgiller familyas\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde iki ayr\u0131 kol alt\u0131nda toplamak amac\u0131 ile Vulpini ve Canini ad\u0131nda iki oyma\u011fa ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar. Ancak buna ra\u011fmen Canini oyma\u011f\u0131nda (as\u0131l k\u00f6pekler) tilkiye benzeyenler ve Vulpini oyma\u011f\u0131nda da (as\u0131l tilkiler) k\u00f6peklere benzeyenler bulunur.
\n Yeleli kurt (Chrysocyon brachyurus)
\n Yeleli kurt (Chrysocyon brachyurus)
\n Uzun kulakl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6l tilkisi (Vulpes zerda), k\u00f6pekgiller familyas\u0131n\u0131n en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fc.
\n Uzun kulakl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6l tilkisi (Vulpes zerda), k\u00f6pekgiller familyas\u0131n\u0131n en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fc.
\n K\u00f6pek (Canis lupus familiaris). Resimde g\u00f6r\u00fcnen k\u00f6pek \u0131rk\u0131 doberman.
\n K\u00f6pek (Canis lupus familiaris). Resimde g\u00f6r\u00fcnen k\u00f6pek \u0131rk\u0131 doberman.
\n Afrika yaban k\u00f6pe\u011fi (Lycaon pictus)
\n Afrika yaban k\u00f6pe\u011fi (Lycaon pictus)<\/p>\n
* Oymak Vulpini
\n o Cins Vulpes
\n + K\u0131z\u0131l tilki (Vulpes vulpes)
\n + Bengal tilkisi (Vulpes bengalensis)
\n + Afgan tilkisi (Vulpes cana)
\n + G\u00fcney Afrika tilkisi (Vulpes chama)
\n + Korsak tilkisi (Vulpes corsac)
\n + Tibet tilkisi (Vulpes ferrilata)
\n + C\u00fcce tilki (Vulpes macrotis)
\n + Soluk tilki (Vulpes pallida)
\n + Kum tilkisi (Vulpes rueppelli)
\n + Ova tilkisi (Vulpes velox)
\n + Uzun kulakl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6l tilkisi (Vulpes zerda)
\n o Cins Alopex
\n + Kutup tilkisi (Alopex lagopus)
\n o Cins Urocyon
\n + Boz tilki (Urocyon cinereoargenteus)
\n + Ada boz tilkisi (Urocyon littoralis)
\n o Cins Otocyon
\n + \u0130ri kulakl\u0131 tilki (Otocyon megalotis)
\n * Oymak Canini
\n o Cins Dusicyon
\n + Falkland tilkisi (Dusicyon australis)
\n o Cins Pseudalopex
\n + And tilkisi (Pseudalopex culpaeus)
\n + Arjantin gri tilkisi (Pseudalopex griseus)
\n + Darvin tilkisi (Pseudalopex fulvipes)
\n + Pampa tilkisi (Pseudalopex gymnocercus)
\n + Peru \u00e7\u00f6l tilkisi (Pseudalopex sechurae)
\n + Brezilya d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015f tilkisi (Pseudalopex vetulus)
\n o Cins Atelocynus
\n + K\u0131sa kulakl\u0131 tilki (Atelocyon microtis)
\n o Cins Cerdocyon
\n + Yenge\u00e7 yiyen tilki (Cerdocyon thous)
\n o Cins Speothos
\n + \u00c7al\u0131 k\u00f6pe\u011fi (Speothos venaticus)
\n o Cins Chrysocyon
\n + Yeleli kurt (Chrysocyon brachyurus)
\n o Cins Nyctereutes
\n + Rakun k\u00f6pe\u011fi (Nyctereutes procyonoides)
\n o Cins Cuon
\n + Asya yaban k\u00f6pe\u011fi (Cuon alpinus)
\n o Cins Lycaon
\n + Afrika yaban k\u00f6pe\u011fi (Lycaon pictus)
\n o Cins Canis
\n + Kurt (Canis lupus), K\u00f6pek ve Dingo dahil
\n + K\u0131z\u0131l kurt (Canis rufus)
\n + K\u0131r kurdu (Canis latrans)
\n + Alt\u0131n \u00e7akal (Canis aureus)
\n + Kara s\u0131rtl\u0131 \u00e7akal (Canis mesomelas)
\n + \u00c7izgili \u00e7akal (Canis adustus)
\n + Habe\u015f kurdu (Canis simensis)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
K\u00f6pekgiller (Canidae), et\u00e7iller (Carnivora) tak\u0131m\u0131na ait bir familya. K\u00f6pek, kurt, tilki ve \u00e7akal t\u00fcrleri k\u00f6pekgiller familyas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015ftururlar. K\u00f6pekgiller d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her k\u0131tas\u0131nda yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Eskiden Avustralya, Yeni Zellanda, Yeni Gine, Madagaskar ve G\u00fcney kutbunda bulunmazlard\u0131 ama son biny\u0131llar i\u00e7erisinde insanlar\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla buralara da yerle\u015febilmi\u015flerdir. Familyan\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir farkla en yayg\u0131n ve en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f mensubu olan k\u00f6pe\u011fin (Canis …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[5641,5637,5639,5638,5645,5640,5636,5644,5642,5643],"class_list":["post-2247","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-afrika-yaban-kopegi","tag-canidae","tag-canis","tag-carnivora","tag-habes-kurdu","tag-kizil-tilki","tag-kopekgiller","tag-kum-tilkisi","tag-oymak-vulpini","tag-tibet-tilkisi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2247","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2247"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2247\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2247"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2247"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2247"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}