1- Canl\u0131lar neden s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor?<\/p>\n
Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde yakla\u015f\u0131k iki milyon canl\u0131 ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Bu canl\u0131lar\u0131 tek tek inceleme olana\u011f\u0131 bulunmamas\u0131 canl\u0131lar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2- G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lma nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131yor?<\/p>\n
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lma yap\u0131l\u0131rken canl\u0131lar\u0131n organ yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n benzeyip benzememesine bak\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Organlar\u0131 benzeyen canl\u0131lar bir araya getirilip s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Balina bal\u0131klarla m\u0131, yoksa insanla m\u0131 ayn\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fa konulmal\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n
Bunun i\u00e7in bu canl\u0131lar\u0131n organlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve balinan\u0131n \u00f6n y\u00fczgeci insan kolunun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bu organlar\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 incelendi\u011finde balina ve insan\u0131n \u00f6n \u00fcyelerinin kemikten, bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ise t\u0131rnak benzeri bir maddeden yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Buna bak\u0131larak da balina d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fc bal\u0131\u011fa benzemesine ra\u011fmen insanla ayn\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fa al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3-Analog ve homolog organ neye denir?<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131lan farkl\u0131, yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015fler ayn\u0131 olan organlara analog organ denir. Balina y\u00fczgeci ile bal\u0131k y\u00fczgeci analog organd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131lan benzer, yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015fler farkl\u0131 olan organlara homolog organ denir. Balinan\u0131n \u00f6n y\u00fczgeci ile insan kolu homolog organd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4- S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma yap\u0131l\u0131rken ba\u015fka nelere bak\u0131l\u0131r?<\/p>\n
Yeni bulunan bir canl\u0131n\u0131n organlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6ce\u011fe de \u00f6r\u00fcmce\u011fe de benzedi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn. Bu canl\u0131y\u0131 hangi gruba koymak daha uygun olur? Bu durumda canl\u0131n\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6zelliklerinin benzerli\u011fine de bak\u0131l\u0131r; <\/p>\n
– Embriyonik geli\u015fim benzerli\u011fine<\/p>\n
– Bo\u015falt\u0131m art\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n benzerli\u011fine<\/p>\n
– Protein yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n benzerli\u011fine<\/p>\n
5- Sistematik birimler nelerdir?<\/p>\n
T\u00fcr – Cins – Familya – Tak\u0131m – S\u0131n\u0131f – \u015eube -Alem<\/p>\n
6- Sistematik birimler nas\u0131l olu\u015fuyor?<\/p>\n
Benzer t\u00fcrler bir araya gelince cinsler, benzer cinsler bir araya gelince familyalar, benzer familyalar bir araya gelince tak\u0131mlar vb. olu\u015fur. Bu y\u00fczden t\u00fcrden aleme do\u011fru gidildik\u00e7e birey say\u0131s\u0131 artarken, bireylerin birbirine olan benzerli\u011fi azal\u0131r.<\/p>\n
7- T\u00fcr neye denir?<\/p>\n
\u00c7iftle\u015ftiklerinde, k\u0131s\u0131r olmayan d\u00f6ller verebilen bireyler toplulu\u011funa t\u00fcr denir.<\/p>\n
8- Atla e\u015fek ayn\u0131 t\u00fcrden midir?<\/p>\n
Atla e\u015fe\u011fin yavrusu olan kat\u0131r k\u0131s\u0131r oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in atla e\u015fek farkl\u0131 t\u00fcr canl\u0131lard\u0131r. Kat\u0131r ise bir t\u00fcr olarak kabul edilmez.<\/p>\n
9- Canl\u0131lar\u0131n beslenme \u00e7e\u015fitleri nelerdir?<\/p>\n
B\u00fct\u00fcn canl\u0131lar ya\u015famak i\u00e7in beslenmek yani organik madde kullanmak zorundad\u0131r.Baz\u0131 canl\u0131lar organik maddeleri, inorganik maddeleri (CO2 ve H2O) kullanarak kendisi yapar. Bunlara ototrof denir. Ye\u015fil bitkiler, su yosunlar\u0131, mavi-ye\u015fil algler ve bakterilerin baz\u0131lar\u0131 ototroftur.<\/p>\n
10- Canl\u0131lar birbirlerine neden gereksinim duyarlar?<\/p>\n
Ototroflar\u0131n, organik madde \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 CO2 ve H2O’yu heterotroflar \u00fcretir. Heterotroflar i\u00e7in gerekli organik maddeleri ise ototroflar sentezler. Bu y\u00fczden d\u00fcnyada yaln\u0131zca ototrof canl\u0131lar ya da heterotrof canl\u0131lar ya\u015fayamaz.<\/p>\n
11- Ototrof canl\u0131lar\u0131n, heterotrof canl\u0131lardan fark\u0131 nedir?<\/p>\n
Ototrof canl\u0131lar (kemosentetik ototroflar hari\u00e7) klorofil ta\u015f\u0131r. Klorofil ye\u015fil renklidir. Bitkilerin yapraklar\u0131n\u0131n ye\u015fil g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi bundand\u0131r.<\/p>\n
12- Canl\u0131lar aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen etkile\u015fimler nelerdir?<\/p>\n
Mutualizm: Birlikte olmaktan kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 yarar g\u00f6ren iki canl\u0131n\u0131n ili\u015fkisine denir. Mantar ve su yosunu birlikte ya\u015far. Bunlar\u0131n birlikteli\u011fine, Liken birli\u011fi denir. Ototrof olan su yosunu heterotrof olan mantara organik madde ve oksijen, mantar da ototrof olan su yosununa CO2 ve H2O sa\u011flar. Mutualizm ili\u015fkisi “b\u00f6cek-bitki” , “insan-insan kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsa\u011f\u0131nda ya\u015fayan bakteri” gibi pek \u00e7ok canl\u0131 aras\u0131nda da vard\u0131r. Kommensalizm: Birlikte ya\u015fayan iki canl\u0131dan birisi bu beraberlikten yararlan\u0131rken, di\u011ferinin yarar ya da zarar g\u00f6rmedi\u011fi ya\u015fama bi\u00e7imine denir. “K\u00f6pek bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 – vantuzlu bal\u0131k” ili\u015fkisi kommensalizm ili\u015fkisidir. Mutualizm ve kommensalizm yararl\u0131 birlikteliklerdir.<\/p>\n
Parazitlik: Bir canl\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 bir ba\u015fka canl\u0131n\u0131n zarar\u0131na s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyorsa, zarar veren canl\u0131ya parazit bu ili\u015fkiye de parazitlik denir<\/p>\n
Parazitlerin \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7e\u015fidi vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
1. Bir h\u00fccreli parazitler: Vir\u00fcsler, parazit bakteriler, sporlular ve baz\u0131 mantarlar bir h\u00fccreli parazittir.<\/p>\n
2. Bitkisel parazitler: Bitki olan parazitlerdir. Bunlar\u0131n da yar\u0131 parazit, tam parazit olan iki \u00e7e\u015fidi vard\u0131r.Yar\u0131 parazitler (\u00f6kse otu) \u00fczerinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bitkiden inorganik madde al\u0131rken, tam parazitler (cin sa\u00e7\u0131) organik madde al\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
3. Hayvansal parazitler: Hayvan olan parazitlerdir. Bunlar\u0131n da i\u00e7 parazit ve d\u0131\u015f parazit olan iki \u00e7e\u015fidi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Tenyalar, ba\u011f\u0131rsak kurtlar\u0131, karaci\u011fer kelebe\u011fi, i\u00e7 parazit, sivrisinek, kene v.b. d\u0131\u015f parazittir Parazitler konaklar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesini engeller.<\/p>\n
13. Saprofit ya\u015fam neye denir, neden \u00f6nemlidir?<\/p>\n
Baz\u0131 canl\u0131lar, \u00f6len canl\u0131lar\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki ya da art\u0131k maddelerdeki organik maddeleri kullan\u0131r. Bu canl\u0131lara saprofit (\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fck\u00e7\u00fcl), bunlar\u0131n ya\u015fama bi\u00e7imine saprofit ya\u015fam denir.<\/p>\n
Saprofitlerin organik maddeleri inorganik maddelere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmesi \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. E\u011fer saprofitler olmasayd\u0131 yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde \u00f6len canl\u0131lar birikir, buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k su, O2, CO\u0130 gibi inorganik maddeler azal\u0131r ya da hi\u00e7 kalmazd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Saprofitler, ototrof canl\u0131larla birlikte yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde organik- inorganik madde dengesini korumalar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
Baz\u0131 mantarlar ve baz\u0131 bakteriler saprofit canl\u0131lard\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
1- Canl\u0131lar neden s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor? Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde yakla\u015f\u0131k iki milyon canl\u0131 ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Bu canl\u0131lar\u0131 tek tek inceleme olana\u011f\u0131 bulunmamas\u0131 canl\u0131lar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. 2- G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lma nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131yor? G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lma yap\u0131l\u0131rken canl\u0131lar\u0131n organ yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n benzeyip benzememesine bak\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Organlar\u0131 benzeyen canl\u0131lar bir araya getirilip s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Balina bal\u0131klarla m\u0131, yoksa insanla m\u0131 ayn\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fa konulmal\u0131d\u0131r? Bunun i\u00e7in bu …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[5709,5708,5707,5706,5712,5720,5714,5716,5710,5717,2563,5713,5715,5719,5718,2303,5721,5711,2279],"class_list":["post-2275","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-analog","tag-balina","tag-canlilar-neden-siniflandiriliyor","tag-canlilar-ve-beslenme-iliskileri","tag-canlilarin-beslenme-cesitleri-nelerdir","tag-hayvansal-parazitler","tag-heterotrof-canlilar","tag-heterotrof-canlilardan-farki-nedir","tag-homolog","tag-kemosentetik-ototroflar","tag-klorofil","tag-ototrof-canlilar","tag-ototrof-canlilarin","tag-parazit-bakteriler","tag-parazitlik","tag-protein","tag-saprofit-yasam","tag-tur-neye-denir","tag-virusler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2275","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2275"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2275\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2275"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2275"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2275"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}