CANLILIK VE \u00c7EVRE<\/p>\n
CANLILARIN ARASINDAK\u0130 BESLENME \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130LER\u0130 VE YA\u015eAMA B\u0130RL\u0130KLER\u0130<\/p>\n
1) Ototroflar (\u00dcreticiler)
\n \u2022 \u0130norganik maddelerden organik madde sentezlerler.
\n \u2022 En fazla bulunan gruptur.
\n \u2022 \u0130ki tiptir.<\/p>\n
A) Fotosentetikler :
\n \u2022 I\u015f\u0131k enerjisini kullan\u0131rlar.
\n \u2022 Klorofilleri vard\u0131r.
\n \u2022 \u00d6RNEK:Ye\u015fil bitkiler,bakteriler ve mavi-ye\u015fil algler.<\/p>\n
B) Kemosentetikler :
\n \u2022 Kimyasal enerjiyi kullan\u0131rlar.
\n \u2022 Klorofilleri yoktur.
\n \u2022 \u00d6RNEK: Nitrit bakterileri, nitrat bakterileri, azot bakterileri, k\u00fck\u00fcrt bakterileri, demir bakterileri<\/p>\n
2) Heterotroflar (T\u00fcketiciler)
\n \u2022 Haz\u0131r besin kullan\u0131rlar.
\n \u2022 3 tiptir.<\/p>\n
A) Holozoik Canl\u0131lar :
\n \u2022 Kat\u0131 besinlerle beslenirler.
\n \u2022 I) Et\u00e7iller (Karnivor)
\n II) Ot\u00e7ullar (Herbivor)
\n III) Hem et\u00e7il hem ot\u00e7ullar (Omnivor)<\/p>\n
B) Simbiyotik Canl\u0131lar :
\n I) Mutualizm \uf0de (+,+) \uf0de Mantar ve su yosunu(Liken)
\n II) Kommensalizm \uf0de (+,0) \uf0de K\u00f6pek bal\u0131\u011f\u0131, echenes bal\u0131\u011f\u0131
\n III) Parazitlik \uf0de (+,-) \uf0de Bit,pire,kene
\n \u2022 Tam parazitlik: Sindirim sistemi iyi geli\u015fmemi\u015f, insan ince ba\u011f\u0131rsa\u011f\u0131nda ya\u015fayan yass\u0131 kurtlar
\n tam parazittir.
\n \u2022 Yar\u0131 parazitlik: \u00d6kseotu gibi bitkinin g\u00f6vdesine sar\u0131larak su ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layan parazitlerdir.
\n C) Saprofit Canl\u0131lar :
\n \u2022 Organik maddeleri inorganik maddelere ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rlar.
\n \u2022 Enzim sistemleri iyi geli\u015fmi\u015ftir.
\n \u2022 H\u00fccre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 sindirim yaparlar.
\n \u2022 \u00d6RNEK:\u00c7\u00fcr\u00fck\u00e7\u00fcl bakteriler, mantar ve k\u00fcfler.<\/p>\n
NOT 1 : \u00d6glena ve b\u00f6cek\u00e7il bitkiler hem ototrof hem de heterotrofturlar.<\/p>\n
Parazitlik Kommensalizm Mutualizm<\/p>\n
NOT 2 : Protookoperasyon : Bir arada ya\u015fayan iki t\u00fcr\u00fcn belirli bir s\u00fcre birbirlerinden yararlanmalar\u0131 olay\u0131d\u0131r. Timsah-K\u00fcrdan ku\u015fu.<\/p>\n
G\u00dcNE\u015e<\/p>\n
FOTOSENTET\u0130KLER I.T\u00dcKET\u0130C\u0130LER(OTOBUR)<\/p>\n
KEMOSENTET\u0130KLER<\/p>\n
SAPROF\u0130TLER II.T\u00dcKET\u0130C\u0130LER(ETOBUR )<\/p>\n
YA\u015eAMA B\u0130RL\u0130KLER\u0130
\n Birey \u2013 Populasyon \u2013 Kom\u00fcnite \u2013 Ekosistem \u2013 Biyosfer
\n Populasyon : Ayn\u0131 t\u00fcrden canl\u0131lar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu toplulu\u011fa denir.
\n Kom\u00fcnite : Farkl\u0131 populasyonlar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu toplulu\u011fa denir.
\n Ekosistem : Canl\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu cans\u0131z \u00e7evreye denir.
\n Biyosfer : Ekosistemi tamamen \u00e7evreleyen yap\u0131ya denir.
\n Ekoton : S\u0131n\u0131r b\u00f6lgesidir.Buradaki t\u00fcr say\u0131s\u0131 en fazlad\u0131r.
\n Mikroklima : Farkl\u0131 iklim ortamlar\u0131.
\n Habitat : Canl\u0131n\u0131n adresidir yani ekosistemde
\n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerdir.
\n Ekolojik Ni\u015f : Canl\u0131n\u0131n habitattaki g\u00f6revidir.
\n S\u00fcksesyon : Bask\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fcn de\u011fi\u015fmesidir.
\n Flora : Bitki toplulu\u011funa denir.
\n Fauna : Hayvan toplulu\u011funa denir.<\/p>\n
Ekosistem \uf0de\uf0de\uf0de\uf0de\uf0de Kom\u00fcnite \uf0de\uf0de\uf0de\uf0de\uf0de Populasyonlar \uf0de\uf0de\uf0de\uf0de\uf0de Topluluklar
\n Spil da\u011f\u0131 Spil da\u011f\u0131nda Spil da\u011f\u0131nda Spil da\u011f\u0131nda
\n ya\u015fayan canl\u0131lar ya\u015fayan \u00e7amlar ya\u015fayan \u00e7am topluluklar\u0131<\/p>\n
POPULASYON<\/p>\n
Populasyonu etkileyen fakt\u00f6rler:
\n a) Do\u011fum b) \u00d6l\u00fcm c) Salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar d) Sava\u015flar e) Do\u011fal afetler<\/p>\n
f) Besin miktar\u0131 g) Ya\u015fama alan\u0131 h) Art\u0131k miktar\u0131 \u0131) G\u00f6\u00e7 (\u0130\u00e7e g\u00f6\u00e7-D\u0131\u015fa g\u00f6\u00e7)<\/p>\n
Bir populasyonda ; Birey Say\u0131s\u0131
\n 1) Do\u011fum oran\u0131 > \u00d6l\u00fcm oran\u0131 \uf0de\uf0de\uf0de\uf0de\uf0de Populasyon b\u00fcy\u00fcr.
\n \u0130\u00e7e g\u00f6\u00e7 > D\u0131\u015fa g\u00f6\u00e7 Ortam \u015fartlar\u0131 iyidir.
\n Gen\u00e7 miktar\u0131 \u00e7oktur.
\n Zaman<\/p>\n
Birey Say\u0131s\u0131
\n 2) Do\u011fum oran\u0131 < \u00d6l\u00fcm oran\u0131 \uf0de\uf0de\uf0de\uf0de\uf0de Populasyon k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr.\n \u0130\u00e7e g\u00f6\u00e7 < D\u0131\u015fa g\u00f6\u00e7 Ortam \u015fartlar\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcd\u00fcr.\n Ya\u015fl\u0131 birey fazlad\u0131r.\n Zaman\n\n Birey Say\u0131s\u0131\n 3) Do\u011fum oran\u0131 = \u00d6l\u00fcm oran\u0131 \uf0de\uf0de\uf0de\uf0de\uf0de Populasyon dengededir.\n \u0130\u00e7e g\u00f6\u00e7 = D\u0131\u015fa g\u00f6\u00e7 Ortam \u015fartlar\u0131 normaldir.\n Bireyler e\u015fit say\u0131dad\u0131r.\n Zaman\n\n \u2022 Bir populasyonda ya\u015fanabilen maximum birey say\u0131s\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131ma kapasitesi denir.\n \u2022 Bir populasyondaki birey say\u0131s\u0131 populasyonun yo\u011funlu\u011fu belirler.\n\n\n\n Son\n T\u00fcketiciler\n\n II. T\u00fcketiciler\n\n I. T\u00fcketiciler\n\n \u00dcreticiler\n\n\n \u2022 Besin piramidinde \u00fcreticilerden t\u00fcketicilere do\u011fru gidildi\u011finde say\u0131da azl\u0131k,irilik ve biyok\u00fctlede azl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.\n \u2022 Beslenme seviyelerinde enerji transferindeki hiyerar\u015fi \u201ckim kimi yer\u201d sorusunun cevab\u0131na g\u00f6re belirlenir.\n \u2022 Besin piramidinde yukar\u0131lara do\u011fru \u00e7\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a enerji kayb\u0131 olur.\n\n \u0130\u00e7 Parazitlik (endoparazit): Ba\u011f\u0131rsakta ya\u015fayan solucan ve kurtlar,bakteriler,mantarlar ve baz\u0131 bir h\u00fccreliler bu gruptand\u0131r. Enzim sistemleri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kompleks besinleri sindiremezler.\n\n D\u0131\u015f Parazitlik (ektoparazit): Canl\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fayan parazitlerdir. Enzim sistemleri ve sindirim sistemleri vard\u0131r. Bit,pire,tahta kurusu,kan emici sinekler bu gruba girer.\n\n \u2022 Parazit bakterilerin sindirimle ilgili enzim sistemleri geli\u015fmemi\u015ftir.\n \u2022 B\u00fct\u00fcn parazitlerde \u00fcreme sistemi geli\u015fmi\u015ftir.\n AZOT DEVR\u0130\n\n \u2022 Azotun as\u0131l kayna\u011f\u0131 havad\u0131r.Fakat bitkiler havadaki serbest azotu do\u011frudan alamazlar.\n \u2022 Havadaki azot topra\u011fa iki \u015fekilde ba\u011flan\u0131r.\n 1)Baz\u0131 bitkilerin k\u00f6klerindeki yumrularda ya\u015fayan azot ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 bakterilerle\n 2)\u015eim\u015fe\u011fin elektrik enerjisi sonucu atmosferdeki azotun oksijenle birle\u015fmesiyle NO2- , Bununda suyla birle\u015fmesiyle HNO3 olu\u015fur ve buda topra\u011fa kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r.\n\n \u2022 Nitrifikasyon : Bitki ve hayvan h\u00fccrelerinde bulunan organik azotun ye\u015fil bitkilerin kullanabilece\u011fi nitrat tuzlar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesidir.3 safhad\u0131r.\n 1) Ayr\u0131\u015fma : \u00c7\u00fcr\u00fck\u00e7\u00fcl bakterilerin azotlu besinleri ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak NH 'e d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmesidir.\n 2) Nitritle\u015fme : Nitrit bakterilerinin NH3\u2019\u00fc HNO3\u2019e d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmesidir.\n 3) Nitratla\u015fma : Nitrat bakterilerinin HNO3'\u00fc nitrat tuzuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmesidir.\n\n \u2022 Denitrifikasyon : Bitkiler taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lmayan nitrat tuzlar\u0131n\u0131n denitrifikasyon\n bakterileri taraf\u0131ndan par\u00e7alanarak atmosfere serbest azot olarak g\u00f6ndermesidir.\n\n\n HAYVAN TOPLULUKLARI\n\n 1) Organize Olmu\u015f Ger\u00e7ek Topluluklar\n \u2022 Bal ar\u0131s\u0131,kar\u0131nca topluluklar\u0131 insan topluluklar\u0131 gibi\n \u2022 Topluluktan ayr\u0131lan birey tek ba\u015f\u0131na hayat\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcremez.\n\n 2) Belli Ama\u00e7larla Belli Zamanlarda Olu\u015fan Topluluklar\n \u2022 Antartika k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndaki adalarda \u00fcreme mevsiminde bir araya gelen,\u00fcreme bitince de da\u011f\u0131lan\n kral penguenler bu t\u00fcr topluluktur.\n \u2022 T\u00fcm hayat\u0131 boyunca s\u00fcr\u00fc halinde ya\u015fayan canl\u0131lara \u00f6rnek fillerdir.\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
CANLILIK VE \u00c7EVRE CANLILARIN ARASINDAK\u0130 BESLENME \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130LER\u0130 VE YA\u015eAMA B\u0130RL\u0130KLER\u0130 1) Ototroflar (\u00dcreticiler) \u2022 \u0130norganik maddelerden organik madde sentezlerler. \u2022 En fazla bulunan gruptur. \u2022 \u0130ki tiptir. A) Fotosentetikler : \u2022 I\u015f\u0131k enerjisini kullan\u0131rlar. \u2022 Klorofilleri vard\u0131r. \u2022 \u00d6RNEK:Ye\u015fil bitkiler,bakteriler ve mavi-ye\u015fil algler. B) Kemosentetikler : \u2022 Kimyasal enerjiyi kullan\u0131rlar. \u2022 Klorofilleri yoktur. \u2022 \u00d6RNEK: …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[3719,5799,3718,5807,5800,4247,5803,5801,5802,2563,5804,5805,5810,5808,5809,3491,5718,5806],"class_list":["post-2304","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-biyosfer","tag-canlilik-ve-cevre","tag-ekosistem","tag-ekoton","tag-fotosentetik","tag-habitat","tag-herbivor","tag-holozoik-canlilar","tag-karnivor","tag-klorofil","tag-kommensalizm","tag-mutualizm","tag-nitratlasma","tag-nitrifikasyon","tag-nitritlesme","tag-ototroflar","tag-parazitlik","tag-protookoperasyon"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2304","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2304"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2304\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2304"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2304"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2304"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}