\u2022 Canl\u0131larda sistemler aras\u0131ndaki uyumlu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 sa\u011flayan \u00f6zel maddelere hormon denir.Bunlar\u0131n sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yere endokrin bezler,bu sisteme de endokrin sistem denir.
\n HORMANLARIN \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130
\n 1. \u00dcretildikleri yerden hedef doku ve organlara hayvanlarda kan ile bitkilerde ise h\u00fccreler aras\u0131 dif\u00fczyon ile floemle ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131rlar.
\n 2. Her hormonun etkiledi\u011fi h\u00fccre ,doku, ve organ farkl\u0131d\u0131r.
\n 3. Hormonlar az miktarda olup etkileri farkl\u0131d\u0131r.
\n 4. Gere\u011finden az veya \u00e7ok sal\u0131nmalar\u0131 halinde hastal\u0131klara neden olabilirler.
\n 5. Hormonlar canl\u0131daki yo\u011funlu\u011funa g\u00f6re etki g\u00f6sterirler.
\n 6. Hormonlar protein ve ya\u011f yap\u0131s\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Y\u00fcksek yap\u0131l\u0131 organizmalarda v\u00fccudun b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sinir sistemi,birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla sa\u011flan\u0131r.
\n \u2022 Endokrin bezler salg\u0131 yapan sinir h\u00fccreleri ile bunlar\u0131n salg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyen bilim dal\u0131na endokrinoloji denir.<\/p>\n
HAYVANLARDA HORMONAL D\u00dcZENLEME
\n \u2022 Omurgal\u0131lar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011funda ve bir\u00e7ok omurgas\u0131z hayvan (b\u00f6cekler ,kabuklular, yumu\u015fak\u00e7alar)endokrin bezler v\u00fccudun d\u00fczenli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda g\u00f6rev al\u0131r.
\n \u2022 S\u00f6lenterlerde ve halkal\u0131 solucanlarda hormon \u00fcreten tek kaynak ,salg\u0131 yapabilen sinir h\u00fccreleridir.
\n \u2022 B\u00f6ceklerde hormonlar sinir sisteminde (beyin) \u00fcretilir.Beyin hormonlar\u0131 etkisiyle v\u00fccut bezleri hormon salg\u0131lar.Bunlardan en \u00f6nemlisi de deri de\u011fi\u015ftirme hormonudur.Bu hormonun sayesinde deri de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek d\u0131\u015f iskeletin engellemesine ra\u011fmen b\u00fcy\u00fcme sa\u011flan\u0131r.Bir ba\u015fka hormon ise larva d\u00f6neminde \u00fcretilen gen\u00e7lik hormonu(j\u00fcvenil)dur.
\n \u2022 Deri de\u011fi\u015ftirme hormonu (ekdizon)ergenlik d\u00f6neminde salg\u0131lan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130NSANDA HORMONLAR
\n \u2022 Hormonlar i\u00e7 salg\u0131 bezlerinde \u00fcretilerek direkt kana verilir.
\n \u2022 Ba\u015fl\u0131ca i\u00e7 salg\u0131 bezleri:Hipofiz,tiroid,paratiroid,b\u00f6brek\u00fcst\u00fc,pankr eas,epifiz,timusve e\u015fey bezleridir.<\/p>\n
H\u0130POTALAMUS:\u0130ki \u00e7e\u015fit hormon salg\u0131lar.Bu hormonlar hipotalamus taraf\u0131ndan sentez edilerek hipofiz bezinin arka lobunda depo edilir, ihtiya\u00e7 halinde buradan kana kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1. ADH(=Antidi\u00fcretik Hormon =Vazopressin)B\u00f6reklerde suyun geri emilimini sa\u011flar .\u0130nce atardamar\u0131n kas\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 kan bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.ADH az salg\u0131lan\u0131rsa \u015fekersiz diyabet hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n 2. OKS\u0130TOS\u0130N:Uterusun kas\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak do\u011fuma yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.Meme bezlerini uyararak s\u00fct\u00fcn meme ucuna gelmesini sa\u011flar.
\n H\u0130POF\u0130Z:iki k\u0131s\u0131md\u0131r.
\n 1)Arka lop:Hipotalamusta \u00fcretilen hormonlar depo edilir.
\n 2)\u00d6n lop:7 \u00f6nemli hormon salg\u0131lar.
\n 1. STH(=Somatotropin Hormon) B\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi sa\u011flar \u00d6zellikle uzun kemiklerin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini sa\u011flar.Protein sentezini artt\u0131r\u0131r,karbonhidrat ve ya\u011f metabolizmas\u0131n\u0131 etkiler.Fazla salg\u0131lanmas\u0131 devli\u011fe az salg\u0131lanmas\u0131 c\u00fcceli\u011fe yol a\u00e7ar.B\u00fcy\u00fcme d\u00f6neminden sonra fazla salg\u0131lan\u0131rsa akromegali hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na (el ayak, ve y\u00fcz kemiklerinde orant\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa) sebep olur.
\n 2. MSH(=Melanosit Uyar\u0131c\u0131 Hormon)Deride melanosit h\u00fccrelere etki ederek cilde renk veren melanin maddesini salg\u0131lat\u0131r.
\n 3. TSH(TUH=Tirotropin):Tiroid bezinin uyar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve tiroksin hormonun salg\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.
\n 4. LTH(=Luteotropik Hormon=Prolaktin):Korpus luteumun devam\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.Annelik duygusunu geli\u015ftirir.S\u00fct keselerinin olu\u015fumunu sa\u011flar.
\n 5. FSH(=Folik\u00fcl uyar\u0131c\u0131 Hormon): Di\u015filerde folik\u00fclleri geli\u015ftirerek yumurta h\u00fccresinin olgunla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.Folik\u00fcllerde \u00f6strojen salg\u0131latt\u0131r\u0131r.Erkeklerin testislerinde sperm h\u00fccrelerin olu\u015fumunu ba\u015flat\u0131r.
\n 6. LH(=Luteinle\u015ftirici Hormon): Di\u015filerde ovalasyonu sa\u011flar.Korpus luteumun olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flatt\u0131r\u0131r.
\n 7. ACTH(=Adrenokortikotropik Hormon)B\u00f6brek \u00fcst\u00fc bezinin korteks k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 uyararak buradan steroid hormonlar\u0131 salg\u0131latt\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u0130RO\u0130D BEZ\u0130:En \u00f6nemli hormonu tiroksindir.
\n T\u0130ROKS\u0130N:H\u00fccrelerin metabolizma faaliyetlerinde kulland\u0131klar\u0131 oksijen miktar\u0131n\u0131 ayarlar.Fazla salg\u0131lan\u0131rsa oksijen taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan oksijen miktar\u0131 artar ve metabolizma h\u0131zlan\u0131r.AZ salg\u0131lan\u0131rsa metabolizma yava\u015flar,h\u00fccreler aras\u0131 maddede sodyum ve suyun ,kanda ise kolesterol\u00fcn y\u00fckselmesine sebep olur.\u0130nsanlar ve s\u0131cak kanl\u0131 hayvanlar, y\u0131l\u0131n so\u011fuk aylar\u0131nda daha fazla tiroksin salg\u0131lar.Hipotalamustaki salg\u0131 yapan sinir h\u00fccreleri, \u00f6zel bir madde ile hipofizin \u00f6n lobundan tirotropin sentezlenmesini ve serbest kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.TSH kan ile tiroide gelir ve tiroksin hormonu salg\u0131lar.Ayr\u0131ca kandaki Ca ve P seviyesini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc etki yapan tirokalsitonin hormonu da salg\u0131lar.\u0130yot eksikli\u011finde tiroid bezinin b\u00fcy\u00fcyerek salg\u0131 yapmas\u0131n\u0131 guatr denir.Geli\u015fme devresinde tiroit bezinin az \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sonucu kretenizm(ahmakl\u0131k) olur.Bu \u00e7ocuklarda c\u00fccelik , zeka gerili\u011fi, e\u015fey bezlerinin geli\u015fmedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.Ergenlik d\u00f6neminde az salg\u0131lan\u0131rsa bazal metabolizma h\u0131z\u0131 ve v\u00fccut \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer.Ruhen ve bedenen uyu\u015fukluk ba\u015flar.Deride \u015fi\u015flikler ve k\u0131l d\u00f6k\u00fclmesi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.Bu bozukluklara miksodem denir.
\n PARAT\u0130RO\u0130T BEZ\u0130arat hormonu (paratirin)sentezler.
\n PARAT HORMONU:Ca ve P metabolizmas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenler.Kemikten kana Ca ve P ge\u00e7i\u015fini sa\u011flar.Tirokalsitonin ile z\u0131t \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak Ca , P dengesini sa\u011flar.Az salg\u0131lan\u0131rsa kandaki Ca kemiklerde birikir ve kan\u0131n Ca miktar\u0131 azal\u0131r. Buna tetani denir.Bu hastal\u0131kta kaslar a\u011f\u0131r kas\u0131lma ve titremeler olur.El ve ayak parmaklar\u0131nda i\u00e7e do\u011fru b\u00fck\u00fclmeler olur.
\n B\u00d6BREK\u00dcST\u00dc BEZLER\u0130:Kabuk (korteks) b\u00f6lgesinden salg\u0131lananlar:aldosteron ve
\n kortizon.\u00d6z b\u00f6lgesinde (medulla)salg\u0131lananlar:Adrenalin (Epinefrin),
\n n\u00f6radrenalin(N\u00f6repinefrin)
\n ALDOSTERON B\u00f6breklerdeki Na \u2013Cl iyonlar\u0131 emilimini sa\u011flar
\n Kortizol.Karbonhidrat,ya\u011f ve protein metabolizmas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenler.Protein ve ya\u011flar\u0131n karbonhidrata d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesini sa\u011flar.Kan \u015fekerini y\u00fckseltir
\n Korteks b\u00f6lgesi hormonlar\u0131n\u0131n az salg\u0131lanmas\u0131 sonucu Andison hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fur.Deri tun\u00e7 rengini al\u0131r, kan bas\u0131nc\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer i\u015ftahs\u0131zl\u0131k ve kaslarda zay\u0131flama g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr Na ve Cl `\u00fcn idrara at\u0131lmas\u0131 artarken v\u00fccut s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131nda K miktar\u0131 y\u00fckselir.
\n ADRENAL\u0130N(Epinefrin): Korku , \u00f6fke ve heyecan an\u0131nda salg\u0131lan\u0131r.Sempatik sinir sistemi epinefrinin etkisiyle kan bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltir,kalp at\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r damarlar geni\u015fler , g\u00f6z bebekleri b\u00fcy\u00fcr, k\u0131llar dikle\u015fir.
\n NORADRENAL\u0130N(N\u00f6repinefrin): Kan bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 etki yapar
\n PANKREANS:Karma bir bezdir.\u00dcretti\u011fi enzimleri kanalla ba\u011f\u0131rsa\u011fa g\u00f6nderir.Langerhans
\n odac\u0131klar\u0131nda \u00fcrettikleri hormonlar\u0131 kana verirler.<\/p>\n
\u0130NS\u00dcL\u0130N:Langerhans adac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 beta h\u00fccrelerinde \u00fcretilir.Kan \u015fekerinin dokulara ge\u00e7i\u015fini sa\u011flar.Kas ve karaci\u011ferde glikojen sentezini sa\u011flar.Yeterli salg\u0131lanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kan \u015fekeri y\u00fckselir ve bunun sonucunda \u015feker hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n GLUKAGON:Langerhans adac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n alfa h\u00fccrelerinde sentezlenir.Karaci\u011ferde depo edilen glikojeni par\u00e7alatt\u0131r\u0131r.Glikozun kana ge\u00e7i\u015fini sa\u011flayarak kan \u015fekerini artt\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 etki yapar.
\n E\u015eEYSEL BEZLER:
\n TEST\u0130S HORMONLARI(ANDROJEN ):Testislerde testesteron hormonu \u00fcretilir.Erkeklerde ikincil karakterlerin geli\u015fmesini ve spermlerin olgunla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar
\n OVARYUM HORMONLARI:\u00d6strojen ve progesteron \u00fcretilir.\u00d6strojen di\u015filerde e\u015feysel olgunla\u015fmay\u0131 d\u00fczenler<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u2022 Canl\u0131larda sistemler aras\u0131ndaki uyumlu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 sa\u011flayan \u00f6zel maddelere hormon denir.Bunlar\u0131n sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yere endokrin bezler,bu sisteme de endokrin sistem denir. HORMANLARIN \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130 1. \u00dcretildikleri yerden hedef doku ve organlara hayvanlarda kan ile bitkilerde ise h\u00fccreler aras\u0131 dif\u00fczyon ile floemle ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131rlar. 2. Her hormonun etkiledi\u011fi h\u00fccre ,doku, ve organ farkl\u0131d\u0131r. 3. Hormonlar az miktarda olup etkileri …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[3444,6086,6087,2523,6092,5882,2413,2429,2530,6091,6089,2527,2303,6088,6090,2525],"class_list":["post-2406","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-difuzyon","tag-doku","tag-ekdizon","tag-endokrin-sistem","tag-epinefrin","tag-floem","tag-hipotalamus","tag-hormon","tag-hucre","tag-korteks","tag-melanosit","tag-ostrojen","tag-protein","tag-somatotropin-hormon","tag-tiroid","tag-tiroksin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2406","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2406"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2406\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2406"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2406"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2406"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}