S\u00fcrgen Doku ve \u00d6zellikleri <\/p>\n
1-S\u00fcrekli b\u00f6l\u00fcnen h\u00fccrelerden olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
2-H\u00fccreleri ince \u00e7eperli , bol sitoplazmal\u0131 , k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck , iri \u00e7ekirdekli , koful hi\u00e7 bulunmaz veya k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve az say\u0131dad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
3-H\u00fccreler aras\u0131 bo\u015fluk bulunmaz.<\/p>\n
4-Bitkide k\u00f6k , g\u00f6vde ucu , tomurcuk ve yaprak u\u00e7lar\u0131nda bulunur,ayr\u0131ca dikotiledon ve a\u011fa\u00e7s\u0131 bitkilerin g\u00f6vdesinde yer al\u0131r. <\/p>\n
5-Vegetatif \u00fcremede filiz olu\u015fumu bu doku taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n
K\u00f6kenlerine G\u00f6re \u0130kiye Ayr\u0131l\u0131r <\/p>\n
A-Pirimer Meristem: Bitkilerde \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu var olan ,k\u00f6k ,g\u00f6vde ve yaprak u\u00e7lar\u0131nda bulunan dokudur.<\/p>\n
B-Sekonder meristem: Sadece dikotiledon\u2019larda bulunur. De\u011fi\u015fmez dokular\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnme yetene\u011fi kazanarak olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 dokudur. K\u00f6k ve g\u00f6vde ucunda meristem dokudan olu\u015fan h\u00fccreler zamanla farkl\u0131la\u015farak de\u011fi\u015fmez doku h\u00fccreleri haline gelirler. B\u00fcy\u00fcme konisi ad\u0131 verilen bu b\u00f6lgelerde meristem doku g\u00f6vdede koruyucu yapraklar k\u00f6kte ise kaliptra taraf\u0131ndan d\u0131\u015f etkilere kar\u015f\u0131 korunur.<\/p>\n
B\u00fcy\u00fcme b\u00f6lgelerinde h\u00fccresel farkl\u0131la\u015fmalarla \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 katman olu\u015fur. Bunlar d\u0131\u015ftan i\u00e7e do\u011fru<\/p>\n
1-Dermatogen ————– Epidermis<\/p>\n
2-Periblem ————- Kabuk<\/p>\n
3-Pelerom ————- Merkezi silindir<\/p>\n
Sekonder meristem de\u011fi\u015fmez doku h\u00fccrelerinin yenden b\u00f6l\u00fcnme yetene\u011fi kazanmas\u0131yla olu\u015fur. Kambium ve mantar meristemi k\u00f6k ve g\u00f6vdede kal\u0131nla\u015fmay\u0131 sa\u011flar.Kambium s\u00fcrekli b\u00f6l\u00fcnerek i\u00e7e do\u011fru ks\u0131lem , d\u0131\u015fa do\u011fru floemi olu\u015fturur. A\u011fa\u00e7s\u0131 bitkilerdeki ya\u015f halkalar\u0131n\u0131n nedeni budur.<\/p>\n
De\u011fi\u015fmez Dokular\u0131n \u00d6zellikleri<\/p>\n
a-Meristem h\u00fccrelerinin \u00f6zelle\u015fmesiyle olu\u015furlar.<\/p>\n
b-H\u00fccrelerde b\u00fcy\u00fcme , koful olu\u015fumu , sitoplazma azalmas\u0131 , \u00e7eper kal\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 , h\u00fccreler aras\u0131 bo\u015fluklar\u0131n olu\u015fumu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
c-B\u00f6l\u00fcnme yeteneklerini kaybetmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
d-Baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcd\u00fcr. <\/p>\n
\u00c7e\u015fitleri:<\/p>\n
A) Koruyucu Doku : <\/p>\n
a-Epidermis<\/p>\n
1-Hayvanlardaki epitel dokuya kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2-Bitkilerde gen\u00e7 dal , yaprak ve gen\u00e7 k\u00f6kleri \u00e7evreler.<\/p>\n
3-Tek s\u0131ral\u0131 h\u00fccrelerden olu\u015fur. H\u00fccreler canl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4-H\u00fccre aras\u0131 bo\u015fluk yoktur.<\/p>\n
5-Kloroplast ta\u015f\u0131mazlar.<\/p>\n
6-D\u0131\u015fa bakan y\u00fczlerinde \u00e7eper kal\u0131nla\u015f\u0131r ve kal\u0131n k\u00fctikula birikmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
7-K\u00f6kte sitoplazma az , kofullar b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
8-Transpirasyonun kontrol\u00fc,gaz al\u0131\u015f veri\u015finin kontrol\u00fc,topraktan suyun emilimi,gen\u00e7 yap\u0131lar\u0131n fiziksel-kimyasal-biyolojik olumsuzluklardan korumas\u0131 gibi \u00f6nemli g\u00f6revleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilecek yap\u0131 ve \u00f6zelliklere sahiptir.<\/p>\n
Koruyucu sisteme ait \u00f6zelle\u015fmeler:<\/p>\n
1-Stomalar 2-Salg\u0131,\u00f6rt\u00fc,koruma,t\u0131rmanma t\u00fcyleri 3-Emme t\u00fcyleri (K\u00f6kte) 4-Kutik\u00fcla-mum 5-lentisel<\/p>\n
K\u00f6k Epidermisin \u00d6zellikleri: <\/p>\n
1-D\u0131\u015fa bakan \u00e7eperleri incedir. <\/p>\n
2-Stoma ta\u015f\u0131mazlar.<\/p>\n
3-H\u00fccreler b\u00fcy\u00fck koful ta\u015f\u0131rlar. <\/p>\n
4-H\u00fccrelerin osmotik de\u011feri fazlad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
5-Emici t\u00fcyler ta\u015f\u0131rlar. <\/p>\n
6-K\u00fctikula birikimi g\u00f6r\u00fclmez. <\/p>\n
7-D\u0131\u015f ortamla madde al\u0131\u015f veri\u015fini engellemezler <\/p>\n
G\u00f6vde Epidermisinin \u00d6zellikleri:<\/p>\n
1-D\u0131\u015fa bakan \u00e7eperleri kal\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2-Stoma i\u00e7erirler. <\/p>\n
3-H\u00fccrelerde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kofullar bulunur.<\/p>\n
4-Savunma , t\u0131rmanma , korunma ile ilgili t\u00fcyler ta\u015f\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
5-D\u0131\u015fa do\u011fru bakan \u00e7eperde k\u00fctikula birikir.<\/p>\n
6-D\u0131\u015f ortamla madde al\u0131\u015f veri\u015fi stomalarla yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
b-Periderm<\/p>\n
1-A\u011fa\u00e7s\u0131 bitkilerin k\u00f6k ve g\u00f6vdesinde bulunur.<\/p>\n
2-Epidermisin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131yla olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
3-\u00c7ok s\u0131ral\u0131 h\u00fccrelerden olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
4-D\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeyde mantar kambiumundan olu\u015fan mantar h\u00fccreler vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
5-Mantar h\u00fccreleri \u00f6l\u00fcd\u00fcr. H\u00fccre \u00e7eperi suberin biriktirmi\u015ftir.\u0130\u00e7leri hava ile doludur. <\/p>\n
6-Stoma yerine lentiseller bulunur. <\/p>\n
B) Parankima : <\/p>\n
1-Hayvanlardaki ba\u011f dokusuna \u00f6zde\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2-H\u00fccreleri canl\u0131 , bol sitoplazmal\u0131 , k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kofuldur.<\/p>\n
3-Di\u011fer dokular aras\u0131n\u0131 doldurur.<\/p>\n
4-H\u00fccre \u00e7eperleri incedir.<\/p>\n
5-Yaralar\u0131 onar\u0131r.(Regenerasyon yetene\u011fi fazlad\u0131r.) <\/p>\n
6-B\u00f6l\u00fcnme yeteneklerini korurlar.<\/p>\n
Yapt\u0131klar\u0131 G\u00f6revlerine G\u00f6re<\/p>\n
1-\u00d6z\u00fcmleme Parankimas\u0131: Kloroplast ta\u015f\u0131rlar,fotosentez yaparlar,yaprak , tomurcuk gibi gen\u00e7 yap\u0131larda bulunur.<\/p>\n
2-Havaland\u0131rma Parankimas\u0131: Batakl\u0131k ve sulak alan bitkilerinde bo\u015fluklar\u0131nda O2 birikimi sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
3-\u0130letim Parankimas\u0131: \u0130letim demetlerin etraf\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evirip iletim demetleri ile di\u011fer h\u00fccreler aras\u0131 madde ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4-Depo Parankimas\u0131: K\u00f6k ve g\u00f6vdede bulunur. Fotosentezle olu\u015fan organik maddeleri depolar.<\/p>\n
C) \u0130letim Dokusu :<\/p>\n
1-Bitkilerde toprak \u00fcst\u00fc organlarla toprak alt\u0131 organlar aras\u0131nda madde ileti\u015fimini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
2-Hayvanlardaki dola\u015f\u0131m sistemine \u00f6zde\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
3-H\u00fccrelerinde kloroplast ta\u015f\u0131mazlar.<\/p>\n
4-K\u00f6k ucundan , yaprak ucuna kadar devaml\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
5-Bitkilerde destek dokusuna yard\u0131mc\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015f ve \u00f6zelli\u011fine g\u00f6re iki grupta incelenir.<\/p>\n
a-Ksilem:<\/p>\n
1-H\u00fccrelerde sitoplazma ve \u00e7ekirdek yoktur.<\/p>\n
2-Silindirik h\u00fccrelerde enine \u00e7eperler kalkm\u0131\u015f k\u0131lcal damarlar olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
3-Yanal \u00e7eperleri kal\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4-Topraktan k\u00f6kle emilen su ve suda emilmi\u015f maddeleri yaprak ve g\u00f6vdeye ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
5-Ta\u015f\u0131ma tek y\u00f6nde olur<\/p>\n
Ks\u0131lem elemanlar\u0131: <\/p>\n
1-Trakeitler 2-Trakeler <\/p>\n
3-Parankima 4-Sklerenkima<\/p>\n
1-Trake : Su ta\u015f\u0131rlar , \u00f6l\u00fcd\u00fcrler , enine \u00e7eperler yoktur , silindir ve t\u00fcpler \u015feklinde dizilirler.<\/p>\n
2-Trake id : \u00d6l\u00fc ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z h\u00fccrelerdir. Su ta\u015f\u0131rlar destek dokusu g\u00f6rev ide g\u00f6r\u00fcrler.<\/p>\n
NOT :A\u00e7\u0131k tohumlularda yaln\u0131z trake idler bulunur.<\/p>\n
3-Ksilem parankimas\u0131 : Canl\u0131 h\u00fccrelerdir , besin depolamak ve k\u0131sa iletimler yaparlar.<\/p>\n
4-Ksilem sklerenkima s\u0131 : Destek g\u00f6revi g\u00f6ren \u00e7eperleri kal\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015f \u00f6l\u00fc h\u00fccrelerdir. <\/p>\n
b-Floem :<\/p>\n
1-Silindirik canl\u0131 h\u00fccreden olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
2-Sitoplazma ta\u015f\u0131rlar ancak olgunla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131nda nukleuslar\u0131n\u0131 kaybederler.<\/p>\n
3-B\u00fcy\u00fck kofullar\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4-Enine \u00e7eperleri kalbursu yap\u0131 kazan\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
5-Yaprakta olu\u015fan organik bile\u015fikleri k\u00f6klere , k\u00f6kte \u00fcretilen azotlu maddeleri yapraklara ta\u015f\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
6-Ta\u015f\u0131ma \u00e7ift y\u00f6nl\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Floem elemanlar\u0131:<\/p>\n
1-Kalburlu h\u00fccreler 2-Arkada\u015f h\u00fccreleri <\/p>\n
3-Parankima 4-Sklerenkima<\/p>\n
1-Floem h\u00fccreleri : B\u00fcy\u00fck ge\u00e7itli , canl\u0131 , uzun h\u00fccrelerdir. Organik madde ta\u015f\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
2-Arkada\u015f h\u00fccreleri : Yuvarlak k\u00f6\u015feli , bol sitoplazmal\u0131 , b\u00fcy\u00fck nukleus lu yard\u0131mc\u0131 h\u00fccrelerdir.<\/p>\n
3-Floem parankimas\u0131 : \u0130nce , uzun , ince \u00e7eperli besin depolayan ni\u015fastaca zengin h\u00fccrelerdir.<\/p>\n
4-Floem sklerenkima s\u0131 : \u00c7eperleri kal\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve odunsula\u015fm\u0131\u015f destek g\u00f6revi g\u00f6ren \u00f6l\u00fc h\u00fccrelerdir. <\/p>\n
NOT : \u0130letim demetleri aras\u0131nda kambium varsa ( dikotiledon\u2019larda ) a\u00e7\u0131k demet , kambium yoksa ( monekotiledon\u2019larda ) kapal\u0131 demetler meydana gelir.<\/p>\n
D) Destek Dokusu : <\/p>\n
1-Omurgal\u0131larda iskelet sistemine \u00f6zde\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2-Turgorla beraber bitkiye destek ve diren\u00e7 kazand\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3-\u00c7eperleri kal\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015f h\u00fccrelerden meydana gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
4-Hem canl\u0131 hemde \u00f6l\u00fc h\u00fccreler g\u00f6rev al\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bulundu\u011fu yer ve g\u00f6revlerine g\u00f6re iki \u00e7e\u015fittir.<\/p>\n
a-Kollenkima :<\/p>\n
1-H\u00fccreler canl\u0131 bol sitoplazmal\u0131 ve \u00e7ekirdeklidir.<\/p>\n
2-Baz\u0131lar\u0131nda kloroplast bulunur.<\/p>\n
3-Bitkilerde gen\u00e7 ve b\u00fcy\u00fcyen k\u0131s\u0131mlarda bulunur.<\/p>\n
H\u00fccre \u00e7eperi kal\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131na g\u00f6re ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1-K\u00f6\u015fe kollenkima s\u0131 : T\u00fct\u00fcn, Kabak , Begonya gibi<\/p>\n
2-Levha kollenkima s\u0131 : Ada\u00e7ay\u0131 , M\u00fcrver gibi<\/p>\n
b-Sklerenkima :<\/p>\n
1-H\u00fccrelerinde sitoplazma ve \u00e7ekirdek yoktur.<\/p>\n
2-T\u00fcm \u00e7eper kal\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3-K\u00f6k , g\u00f6vde ve yaprak sap\u0131nda bulunur.<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131sal \u00f6zelli\u011fine g\u00f6re ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1-Sklerenkima lifleri : Keten , Kenevir gibi<\/p>\n
2-Ta\u015f h\u00fccreleri : Armut , Ayva gibi <\/p>\n
E) Salg\u0131 Dokusu :<\/p>\n
1-\u0130ri \u00e7ekirdekli bol sitoplazmal\u0131 canl\u0131 h\u00fccrelerden olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
2-Tek veya gruplar halinde bulunabilirler.<\/p>\n
3-Metabolizmalar\u0131 sonucu \u00f6zel salg\u0131lar olu\u015ftururlar.<\/p>\n
4-Salg\u0131lar bitkide \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00f6revlerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesinde rol oynar.<\/p>\n
a- Tozla\u015fmada: Bal \u00f6z\u00fc ve kokulu maddeler. (\u00c7i\u00e7eklerde)<\/p>\n
b- \u00c7\u00fcr\u00fcmeden koruma: Re\u00e7ine (\u00c7amlarda)<\/p>\n
c- Korunma: Yak\u0131c\u0131 salg\u0131lar. (Is\u0131rganda)<\/p>\n
d- Beslenme: Sindirim \u00f6z suyu. ( B\u00f6cekgillerde)<\/p>\n
e- Yaralanan k\u0131sm\u0131 onar\u0131m: S\u00fct. (Kau\u00e7uk,S\u00fctle\u011fen , Ha\u015fha\u015f)<\/p>\n
Salg\u0131lar ya bitki d\u0131\u015f\u0131na at\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1-(D\u0131\u015f salg\u0131)(nektar,Sindirim \u00f6z suyu)yada \u00f6zel h\u00fccre ve kanallarda depolan\u0131r. <\/p>\n
2-(\u0130\u00e7 salg\u0131) (Hormon , Kau\u00e7uk , Protein , Glikozitler vb.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
S\u00fcrgen Doku ve \u00d6zellikleri 1-S\u00fcrekli b\u00f6l\u00fcnen h\u00fccrelerden olu\u015fur. 2-H\u00fccreleri ince \u00e7eperli , bol sitoplazmal\u0131 , k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck , iri \u00e7ekirdekli , koful hi\u00e7 bulunmaz veya k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve az say\u0131dad\u0131r. 3-H\u00fccreler aras\u0131 bo\u015fluk bulunmaz. 4-Bitkide k\u00f6k , g\u00f6vde ucu , tomurcuk ve yaprak u\u00e7lar\u0131nda bulunur,ayr\u0131ca dikotiledon ve a\u011fa\u00e7s\u0131 bitkilerin g\u00f6vdesinde yer al\u0131r. 5-Vegetatif \u00fcremede filiz olu\u015fumu bu …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[5875,6133,6132,6135,6134,6130,6131,2483,6136,3356,6129],"class_list":["post-2425","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-bitkisel-dokular","tag-dermatogen","tag-dikotiledon","tag-pelerom","tag-periblem","tag-pirimer-meristem","tag-sekonder-meristem","tag-sitoplazma","tag-stomalar","tag-surgen-doku","tag-vegetatif-ureme"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2425","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2425"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2425\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2425"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2425"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2425"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}