{"id":2582,"date":"2011-08-25T14:11:11","date_gmt":"2011-08-25T11:11:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/\/?p=2582"},"modified":"2011-08-25T14:11:11","modified_gmt":"2011-08-25T11:11:11","slug":"bakterilerin-insan-yasamindaki-yeri-ve-onemi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/bakterilerin-insan-yasamindaki-yeri-ve-onemi\/","title":{"rendered":"Bakterilerin insan ya\u015fam\u0131ndaki yeri ve \u00f6nemi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c7ok basit yap\u0131l\u0131 yayg\u0131n \u00e7ekirdekli genellikle klorofilsiz ve b\u00f6l\u00fcnerek \u00e7o\u011falan bir h\u00fccreli canl\u0131lara bakteri denir.<br \/>\n Bakteriler hem bitkilerden hem hayvanlardan farkl\u0131d\u0131r;h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7o\u011falmalar\u0131 ve biyokimyasal etkileri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan canl\u0131lar aleminin dengesini sa\u011flamada \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan bir grup olu\u015ftururlar.<br \/>\n Bakteriler b\u00f6l\u00fcnerek \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131rlarb\u00f6l\u00fcnme sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kanlar ya bir arada kal\u0131r ya ada yar\u0131l\u0131rlar.Bi\u00e7imce \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fiktirler ev ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 ortama g\u00f6re bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm edinirler.<br \/>\n Bakteriler uyarland\u0131klar\u0131 ortama ya da i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 kona\u011fa en elveri\u015fli s\u0131cakl\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131rlar;<br \/>\n Bakteriler do\u011fada \u00f6nemli rol oynar.Bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek enzim etkinli\u011fi vard\u0131r;mayaland\u0131rmaya dayal\u0131 sanayilerde bundan yararlan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u00fcst\u00fcn yap\u0131l\u0131 hayvanlar\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar\u0131nda besinlerin sindirilmesinde de bunlar \u00f6nemli rol oynar.Bir k\u0131s\u0131m bakteriler pigment \u00fcretirler Bir k\u0131sm\u0131 gaz \u00fcretir demir k\u00fck\u00fcrt biriktirirtoksin salg\u0131larya da i\u00e7inde toksin toparlar.<br \/>\n Genel olarak bakteriler mayaland\u0131rma ve \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctme etmenleridir.Organik maddeleri<br \/>\n Gaza ve cans\u0131z maddelere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcrler;bu maddeler yeniden ya\u015famsal \u00e7evrimde yer al\u0131r.Havadaki gazlar\u0131 kendilerine ba\u011flayabilirb\u00f6ylece topra\u011f\u0131 azot\u00e7a zenginle\u015ftirir ve bitkilere geli\u015fmek i\u00e7in gereksindikleri inorganik besinlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f olurlar. K\u0131saca s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse bakteriler biyosferdeki \u00e7evrimlerde par\u00e7alay\u0131c\u0131 ya da mineralle\u015ftirici olarak \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli rol oynarlar.<br \/>\n Hastal\u0131k yapan bakterilerbakteriler aleminin \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr.<br \/>\n Baz\u0131 bakterilerin metabolik \u00f6zelliklerinin saniyede kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 geli\u015fme halindedir.<br \/>\n Bir tak\u0131m maddeleri \u00fcreten h\u00fccrelerin genlerinin bakteri kromozomuna ba\u011flanabilmesi olana\u011f\u0131 genetik m\u00fchendisli\u011finin temelidir;gen a\u015f\u0131lan bakteriler istenilen maddeleri (hayvansak proteinler a\u015f\u0131 antijenleri vb.) b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde sa\u011flayacaklard\u0131r.<br \/>\n Bakteriler bulunduklar\u0131 ortam\u0131n ya da organizman\u0131n zararlar\u0131na ya\u015farlar.<br \/>\n K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fcklerine kar\u015f\u0131n bakteriler optik mikroskop ile g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir ve bu ayg\u0131ttaki g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerine g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlar.Baz\u0131 bakteriler y\u00fczeylerindeki t\u00fcrl\u00fc bi\u00e7imde <\/p>\n<p> da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k kirpikler sayesinde hareket ederler;kirpiksiz olanlar ise hareketsizdir.Ama onlar\u0131 birbirinden ay\u0131ran \u015fey \u00f6zellikle bi\u00e7imleridir.<br \/>\n Bakteriler mikroskop alt\u0131nda genellikle k\u00fcre \u00e7omak ya da spiral bi\u00e7iminde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<br \/>\n K\u00fcresel olanlara kok ya da kak\u00fcs \u00e7omak ya da silindir bi\u00e7iminde olanlara basiltirb\u00fc\u015fonu and\u0131ranlara da spiral denir.Son y\u0131llarda bu \u00fc\u00e7 gruptan ba\u015fka kare bi\u00e7iminde bakteriler de bulunmu\u015ftur.Ayn\u0131 bi\u00e7imde bir\u00e7ok bakteri bazen bir zincir gibi arka arkaya dizilir bazen de bir \u00fcz\u00fcm salk\u0131m\u0131 denen incecik k\u0131llar vard\u0131r;tek h\u00fccreli canl\u0131 bu k\u0131llar\u0131 bir kam\u00e7\u0131 gibi sa\u011fa sola salla\u00a4\u00a4\u00a4\u00a4\u00a4 istedi\u011fi y\u00f6ne hareket eder.Spiraller ise t\u0131pk\u0131 bir tirb\u00fc\u015fon gibi d\u00f6ne d\u00f6ne ilerler.<br \/>\n Bakteriler ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnerek \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131r.E\u011fer ortamda yeterince besin varsa ve b\u00fct\u00fcn ko\u015fullar uygunsa bir tek bakteriden 15 saat i\u00e7inde 1000000 bakteri \u00fcreyebilir.Ama bu b\u00f6l\u00fcnme hep ayn\u0131 h\u0131zla s\u00fcrmez.\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hem ortamdaki besin bu kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir koloniye yetmemeye ba\u015flar hem de b\u00f6l\u00fcnme s\u0131ras\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan asitler bakterilerin \u00fcremesini durdurur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c7ok basit yap\u0131l\u0131 yayg\u0131n \u00e7ekirdekli genellikle klorofilsiz ve b\u00f6l\u00fcnerek \u00e7o\u011falan bir h\u00fccreli canl\u0131lara bakteri denir. Bakteriler hem bitkilerden hem hayvanlardan farkl\u0131d\u0131r;h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7o\u011falmalar\u0131 ve biyokimyasal etkileri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan canl\u0131lar aleminin dengesini sa\u011flamada \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan bir grup olu\u015ftururlar. Bakteriler b\u00f6l\u00fcnerek \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131rlarb\u00f6l\u00fcnme sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kanlar ya bir arada kal\u0131r ya ada yar\u0131l\u0131rlar.Bi\u00e7imce \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fiktirler ev ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 ortama &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[3045,2287,6425,6427,2563,2123,2303,6426],"class_list":["post-2582","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-antijen","tag-bakteriler","tag-bakterilerin-insan-yasamindaki-yeri-ve-onemi","tag-inorganik-besinler","tag-klorofil","tag-kukurt","tag-protein","tag-toksin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2582","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2582"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2582\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2582"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2582"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2582"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}