Canl\u0131lar\u0131n S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 : Canl\u0131lar\u0131n belirli \u00d6zellikleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131narak yap\u0131lan grupland\u0131rmaya s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma veya biyosistematik denir. S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmay\u0131 inceleyen bilim dal\u0131na sistematik ( Taksonomi) denir. S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r:
\n 1) Ampirik (yapay = suni) s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma : Canl\u0131lar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f, ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f ve birka\u00e7 y\u00fczeysel \u00f6zelli\u011fine g\u00f6re bakarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmakt\u0131r.
\n \u0130lk defa Aristo taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Aristo canl\u0131lar\u0131 ikiye ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1. Bitkiler -> Otlar ,\u00c7al\u0131lar ,A\u011fa\u00e7lar
\n 2. Hayvanlar -> Suda, Karada, Havada ya\u015fayanlar<\/p>\n
2) Filogenetik (Do\u011fal = Tabii) S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma : Canl\u0131lar\u0131n orjin ( k\u00f6ken ) benzerli\u011fine bak\u0131larak yap\u0131lan s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmad\u0131r. Anatomik benzerlik, protein benzerli\u011fi, akrabal\u0131k dereceleri gibi \u00f6zelliklere dikkat edilir.
\n Analog organ : K\u00f6kenleri farkl\u0131, g\u00f6revleri ayn\u0131 olan organlard\u0131r.
\n \u00d6RN : Yarasan\u0131n kanad\u0131 ile kelebe\u011fin kanad\u0131.
\n Homolog organ : K\u00f6kenleri ayn\u0131, g\u00f6revleri farkl\u0131 olan organlard\u0131r.
\n \u00d6RN : \u0130nsan kolu, at\u0131n \u00f6n baca\u011f\u0131, yarasan\u0131n kanad\u0131, balina y\u00fczgeci<\/p>\n
Canl\u0131lar\u0131n \u0130simlendirilmesi : \u0130simlendirme ilk kez Kari Linne taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Linne t\u00fcr tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.
\n T\u00fcr : Ortak atalardan gelen, ortak \u00f6zelliklere sahip, birbirleriyle \u00e7iftle\u015fip verimli d\u00f6ller (K\u0131s\u0131r olmayan ) meydana getiren en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck sistematik gruptur.
\n \u00d6rne\u011fin At ile e\u015fek \u00e7iftle\u015fir, d\u00f6l verir verdikleri d\u00f6l yani kat\u0131r k\u0131s\u0131r oldu\u011fundan, at farkl\u0131 bir t\u00fcr, e\u015fek farkl\u0131 bir t\u00fcr, kat\u0131r ise bilimsel anlamda t\u00fcr de\u011fildir.
\n Dikkat: Bu kurala sadece kurt k\u00f6pe\u011fi uymaz.
\n T\u00fcr Linne’nin buldu\u011fu ikili isimlendirme ( \u00e7ift isimlendirme = Binominal ) ile adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu isimlendirmeye g\u00f6re; bir canl\u0131ya ait, cins ismi ve \u00f6zel tan\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 ismi bulunur. Cins ismi daima b\u00fcy\u00fck harfle, \u00f6zel tan\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 isimi ise k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck harfle ba\u015flar.
\n \u00d6rnek:<\/p>\n
Cins ismi
\n Felis
\n Felis
\n Allium
\n Homo
\n Apis
\n Canis
\n Canis
\n \u00d6zel tan\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 ismi
\n Leo
\n domesticus
\n Cepa
\n Sapiens
\n mellifica
\n Lupus
\n familaris T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ad\u0131
\n Aslan
\n Ev kedisi
\n So\u011fan
\n \u0130nsan
\n Bal ans\u0131
\n Kurt
\n Ev k\u00f6pe\u011fi<\/p>\n
Sistematik Birimler:
\n Alem = Regnum = Animalia = Hayvanlar Alemi
\n \u015eube = Filum = Chordata = Omurgal\u0131lar
\n S\u0131n\u0131f = Clasis = Mamalia = Memeliler
\n Tak\u0131m = Ordo = Karnivora = Et\u00e7iller
\n Aile = Familya = Felidae = Kedigiller
\n Cins = Genus = Felis = Kedi
\n T\u00fcr = Species = Felis domesticus = Ev kedisi<\/p>\n
\u2022 Alemden t\u00fcre do\u011fru birey say\u0131s\u0131 azal\u0131r, fakat benzerlik artar.
\n \u2022 T\u00fcrden aleme do\u011fru, birey say\u0131s\u0131 artar, fakat benzerlik azal\u0131r.
\n \u2022 Ayn\u0131 t\u00fcr i\u00e7erisindeki canl\u0131larda protein ve gen yap\u0131lar\u0131 benzerdir. Ancak ayn\u0131 de\u011fildir.
\n \u2022 Ayn\u0131 t\u00fcrdeki bireylerin kromozom say\u0131lar\u0131 ayn\u0131d\u0131r.
\n \u00d6RN : \u0130nsan 2n = 46 kromozom bulunur.
\n Bitkiler alemine \u00f6rnek verirsek; \u00c7i\u00e7ekli bitkiler- kapal\u0131 tohumlular \u00e7ift \u00e7enekliler- menek\u015fegiller – menek\u015fe – kokulu menek\u015fe ( Viola odarata )<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Canl\u0131lar\u0131n S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 : Canl\u0131lar\u0131n belirli \u00d6zellikleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131narak yap\u0131lan grupland\u0131rmaya s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma veya biyosistematik denir. S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmay\u0131 inceleyen bilim dal\u0131na sistematik ( Taksonomi) denir. S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r: 1) Ampirik (yapay = suni) s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma : Canl\u0131lar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f, ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f ve birka\u00e7 y\u00fczeysel \u00f6zelli\u011fine g\u00f6re bakarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmakt\u0131r. \u0130lk defa Aristo taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Aristo canl\u0131lar\u0131 ikiye ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1. Bitkiler …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[2132,6658,6659,5710,6618,6335],"class_list":["post-2686","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-aristo","tag-canlilarin-cesitliligi-ve-siniflandirilmasi","tag-filogenetik","tag-homolog","tag-sistematik","tag-taksonomi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2686","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2686"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2686\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2686"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2686"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2686"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}