Luchent Technologies Bell laboratuvarlar\u0131nda g\u00f6revli bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 eski bi,top bi\u00e7imindeki karbon molek\u00fclleri ve bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7acak “dolgu malzemesi”kullanarak y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta s\u00fcperiletkenlik yar\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131tay\u0131 ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir y\u00fcksekli\u011fe ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131.Hendrik sch\u00f6n ve iki ekip arkada\u015f\u0131,ba\u015fka bile\u015fimlerle geni\u015fletilmi\u015f kristalini,bir transist\u00f6r\u00fcn ortas\u0131na yerle\u015ftirerek 117 kelvin gibi y\u00fcksek bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta elektri\u011fi diren\u00e7siz ileten bir s\u00fcperiletkene ula\u015fmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131lar.Kelvin,bizim kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Celcius(santigrad) s\u0131cakl\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fiyle ayn\u0131 olan,ancak ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 olarak suyun donma derecesini 0 C de\u011fil,mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r denen ve elektronlar\u0131n hareket yetene\u011fini yitirdi\u011fi -273,60 C’yi alan bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi.Bu durumda fizaik\u00e7ileri ve elektronik\u00e7ileri b\u00f6ylesine heyecanland\u0131ran 117K (-156 C),g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131zda al\u0131\u015f\u0131k oldu\u011fumuz”y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k”kavram\u0131yla pek \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fm\u00fcyor.Ama bu nokta ve \u00f6zellikle kullan\u0131l\u0131an y\u00f6ntem,\u00f6teki fizik\u00e7ilerce”oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda (300K yada yakla\u015f\u0131k 27 C) s\u00fcperiletkenlik”d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kap\u0131lar\u0131 a\u00e7acak ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc ilerlemeler olarak de\u011ferlendiriliyor.Ayr\u0131ca Sch\u00f6n ve ekibinin geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi kristallerin,elektronik yap\u0131m malzemelerine standart demir-oksit temelli seramiklere g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha kolay yerle\u015ftirilebildi\u011fi vurgulan\u0131yor.S\u00fcperiletkenler elektronlar yerine,bu elektronlar\u0131n terkettikleri delikler olan yuvalar\u0131 iletebiliyorlar.Sch\u00f6n ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 da birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nce C ‘elektron yerine delik iletir hale getirebilirse Tc diye tan\u0131mlana s\u00fcperiletkenlik i\u00e7in gerekli e\u015fik s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltebileceklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcp deneylere ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flar.Elektron yerine delik iletimi,malzemenin”durum yo\u011funlu\u011fu” denen ve belirli enerji d\u00fczeylerinde ta\u015f\u0131yabilece\u011fi elektrik y\u00fck say\u0131s\u0131 demek olan bir \u00f6zelli\u011fini artt\u0131r\u0131yor.Bu say\u0131 s\u00fcperiletkenlik s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yak\u0131ndan ilintili.Ekip,C i\u00e7erisine girecek deliklerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmakta g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckler ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f.Bu i\u015f i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan s\u0131radan y\u00f6ntem,yani malzemeye ba\u015fka bile\u015fimler kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak,C kristalinin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131yormu\u015f.Ancak ge\u00e7en y\u0131l Sch\u00f6n ile ekip arkada\u015flar\u0131 Cristian Kloc ve Bertram Batlogg yeni bit \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulmu\u015flar.Transist\u00f6r\u00fc kristalin etraf\u0131nda in\u015fa etmek vebunun y\u00fck iletme yetene\u011finden yararlanarak kristali deliklerle doldurmak.Y\u00f6ntem ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmu\u015f:C S\u00fcperiletken \u00f6zellik kazanm\u0131\u015f ve bu \u00f6zelli\u011fini 52K s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kadar korumu\u015f.
\n Ekip A\u011fustos ay\u0131 sonunda a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 117 K sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131rken malzemenin durum yo\u011funlu\u011funu y\u00fckseltmek i\u00e7in yeni bir taktik uygulam\u0131\u015f.Kristal i\u00e7erisindeki C molek\u00fclleri aras\u0131nda”kafes sabiti”diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 artt\u0131rmay\u0131 denemi\u015f.C ‘\u0131n kafes sabiti 14,15 angstrom .Kafes geni\u015flerse durum yo\u011funlu\u011fu art\u0131yor ve kritik s\u0131cakl\u0131k T y\u00fckseliyor.Ekip \u00e7e\u015fitli denemelerden sonra iki bile\u015fimin istenen i\u015fi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulmu\u015f.Triklorometan kafes sabitini 14,29’a,tr.bromometan da 14,45’e \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131yor.
\n Daha \u00f6nceki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla Sch\u00f6n ve ekibinin yolunu a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f olan Art Ramirez adl\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131ya g\u00f6re var\u0131lan nokta muazzam bir ilerleme.”Kafes sabitini 14,7 civar\u0131na y\u00fckselttinizmi,bu oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u00fcperiletkenlik demek diyor.Kristali par\u00e7alamadan hangi bile\u015fimleri kullanarak o d\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131k\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 bilinmiyor.Ama”herkesin eline ge\u00e7en her\u015feyi deneyece\u011fi kesin”diyor Ramirez.
\n Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar C ‘\u0131n h\u00fcnerini oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmas\u0131 halinde bile elektronik sanayiinde bir devrim yapmaya aday oldu\u011funu vurguluyorlar.Nedeni seramik s\u00fcperiletkenleri transist\u00f6r yada ba\u015fka elektronik par\u00e7alara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmenin ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc gi\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc.\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunlar\u0131n ba\u015flka malzemelerle birle\u015ftikleri aray\u00fczler,mikroskobik defolar ta\u015f\u0131yor ve bu engebeler,ayg\u0131t i\u00e7inde dola\u015fan elektrik y\u00fcklerini tuzakl\u0131yor.Organik materyallerse Sch\u00f6n ve ekibinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fczeltmelerle b\u00fcy\u00fck performans y\u00fckselmesi sergileyebiliyorlar.S\u00fcperiletken elektronik son derece h\u0131zl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan ve nen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck manyetik alanlar\u0131 bile saptayabildi\u011finden C temelli s\u00fcperiletken ara\u00e7lar\u0131n,y\u00fcksek h\u0131zda bilgisayarlardan,t\u0131bbi g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemeye kadar farkl\u0131 bir\u00e7ok alanda kullan\u0131m kazanaca\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131larca vurgulan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Luchent Technologies Bell laboratuvarlar\u0131nda g\u00f6revli bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 eski bi,top bi\u00e7imindeki karbon molek\u00fclleri ve bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7acak “dolgu malzemesi”kullanarak y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta s\u00fcperiletkenlik yar\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131tay\u0131 ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir y\u00fcksekli\u011fe ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131.Hendrik sch\u00f6n ve iki ekip arkada\u015f\u0131,ba\u015fka bile\u015fimlerle geni\u015fletilmi\u015f kristalini,bir transist\u00f6r\u00fcn ortas\u0131na yerle\u015ftirerek 117 kelvin gibi y\u00fcksek bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta elektri\u011fi diren\u00e7siz ileten bir s\u00fcperiletkene ula\u015fmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131lar.Kelvin,bizim kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Celcius(santigrad) s\u0131cakl\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fiyle …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[5462,5623,2196,6770,6771],"class_list":["post-2746","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-laboratuvar","tag-mikroskob","tag-molekul","tag-super-iletkenlik","tag-transistor"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2746","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2746"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2746\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2746"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2746"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2746"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}