Astrofizik<\/p>\n
G\u00f6k cisimlerinin fiziksel yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, olu\u015fumunu ve evrimini inceleyen g\u00f6kbilim dal\u0131d\u0131r. Evrende g\u00f6r\u00fclen fiziksel ko\u015fullar \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitlidir ve fiziksel parametreler laboratuar deneylerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilemeyen a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 de\u011ferlere ula\u015fabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin y\u0131ld\u0131zlar aras\u0131 ortamda madde, laboratuarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilen en y\u00fcksek vakumda elde edilenden daha seyreltik olabilir; nitekim bu ortamda bir santimetre k\u00fcpte yaln\u0131zca bir atom bulunur; bu olgu laboratuarda g\u00f6zlenemeyen, ”yasak tayf \u00e7izgileri” nin olu\u015fumuna yol a\u00e7ar. \u00d6te yandan, uzayda maddenin \u00f6zg\u00fcl k\u00fctlesi \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011ferlere ula\u015f\u0131r; \u00f6rne\u011fin beyaz c\u00fccelerde cm3 ba\u015f\u0131na birka\u00e7 tonu, n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131nda cm3 ba\u015f\u0131na birka\u00e7 milyar tonu bulabilir; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu alanda kuantum etkileri bask\u0131n bir nitelik kazan\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, evrendeki k\u00fctleler dev boyutlar g\u00f6sterir. G\u00fcne\u015f’in k\u00fctlesi Yer’in k\u00fctlesinin yakla\u015f\u0131k 300 000 kat\u0131n\u0131, bir g\u00f6kadan\u0131n k\u00fctlesi ise, G\u00fcne\u015f’in k\u00fctlesinin 100 milyar kat\u0131n\u0131 bulur; bu olgu, evrende genel \u00e7ekim etkile\u015fiminin temel nedenidir, ama Yer’de g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131zda yaln\u0131zca yer\u00e7ekimi bi\u00e7iminde duyulur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla astrofizik, fizik yasalar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 bir uygulama alan\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur; nitekim bu yasalar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ko\u015fullarda ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini ve evrenselli\u011fini inceler; b\u00f6ylece onlar\u0131 geli\u015ftirmeye ve kimi kez de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Astrofizi\u011fin ba\u015fl\u0131ca ara\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemi ise g\u00f6kcisimlerinden gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131mlar\u0131 incelemektir.Bu ama\u00e7la \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131mlar\u0131n yo\u011funluk ve de\u011fi\u015fimleri belirlenir; dalga boyunun b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6lgelerindeki \u0131\u015f\u0131nlara tayfg\u00f6zlemsel \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme uygulan\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ve radyoelektrik \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131mlar Yer’ den alg\u0131lanarak; k\u0131z\u0131l \u00f6tesi, mor \u00f6tesi, X ve gama \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131, ise uzay g\u00f6zlemlerinden yararlan\u0131larak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenir. Astrofizik \u00e7o\u011funlukla y\u00fcksek enerji ve al\u00e7ak enerji astrofizi\u011fi bi\u00e7iminde ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek enerji astrofizi\u011fi g\u00f6k cisimlerinin gama, X ve mor\u00f6tesi \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131yla ilgilenir; al\u00e7ak enerji astrofizi\u011fi de, g\u00f6kcisimlerinin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr, k\u0131z\u0131l \u00f6tesi ve radyoelektrik \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 inceler. Kuramsal astrofizik, g\u00f6zlemlerini fizik yasalar\u0131 yard\u0131m\u0131yla yorumlayarak g\u00f6k cisimlerinin fiziksel parametrelerini (\u00f6rne\u011fin, s\u0131cakl\u0131k, yo\u011funluk, kimyasal bile\u015fim, boyut, hareket) ve bu parametrelerin zaman i\u00e7indeki geli\u015fimlerini saptamaya yarayan modeller olu\u015fturur. Bu modellerin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi, kuramsal tahminlerle g\u00f6zlem verileri kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak denenir. Ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ntem evrenin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, evrimini bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak incelemek i\u00e7in de uygulan\u0131r ve bu inceleme astrofizi\u011fin, evrenbilim ad\u0131 verilen dal\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur. <\/p>\n
Astrofizi\u011fin Bulu\u015flar\u0131<\/p>\n
Astrofizik, g\u00f6kcisimlerinin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 incelemede uygulanan tayfg\u00f6zlemin ve foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n bulunu\u015fuyla XIX. yy. ortalar\u0131nda do\u011fdu.1945’ten sonra, g\u00f6kcisimlerinin radyoelektrik \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleyen radyoastronominin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131yla geli\u015fti. Son y\u0131llarda yap\u0131lan uzay g\u00f6zlemleri astrofizi\u011fin, k\u0131z\u0131l \u00f6tesi, mor \u00f6tesi, X-\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ve -\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerine el atmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Bu t\u00fcr dalga boylar\u0131n\u0131n tayf\u0131na ba\u015fvurularak yap\u0131lan g\u00f6kbilim g\u00f6zlemi temel ara\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemini olu\u015fturdu. Bu g\u00f6zlem yeni g\u00f6kcisimlerinin bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 ve yaln\u0131z g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n iletti\u011fi bilgi \u015fifresini \u00e7\u00f6zerek elde edilemeyen gizli kalm\u0131\u015f fiziksel olaylar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Nitekim, radyoastronomi g\u00f6zlemleri, y\u0131ld\u0131zlararas\u0131 molek\u00fcllerin, pulsarlar\u0131n bulunmas\u0131na ve g\u00f6kadam\u0131z\u0131n sarmal yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n saptanmas\u0131na olanak verdi. K\u0131z\u0131lalt\u0131 g\u00f6kbilimi y\u0131ld\u0131zlararas\u0131 ortamda olu\u015fum halindeki y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 g\u00f6rmemizi ve tozlar\u0131n \u00f6nemini belirlememizi sa\u011flad\u0131. G\u00f6kadam\u0131z\u0131n merkezindeki y\u0131ld\u0131zlar ancak k\u0131z\u0131lalt\u0131 tayf\u0131yla g\u00f6r\u00fclebildi. \u00c7ok s\u0131cak y\u0131ld\u0131zlar, temel \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m olarak mor\u00f6tesi \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 yayar; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla mor\u00f6tesi tayf\u0131yla yap\u0131lan g\u00f6zlemler y\u0131ld\u0131z r\u00fczgar\u0131 olaylar\u0131n\u0131, s\u0131cak y\u0131ld\u0131zlarla y\u0131ld\u0131zlararas\u0131 ortam aras\u0131ndaki k\u00fctle al\u0131\u015fveri\u015flerini ortaya koydu. Zay\u0131f duyarl\u0131k e\u015fiklerine ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen at\u0131l\u0131mlar, mor\u00f6tesi alanda, \u00e7ok uzak g\u00f6k cisimlerinin tayf\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7me olana\u011f\u0131 verdi. X-\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 bi\u00e7iminde g\u00f6zlenen y\u00fcksek enerji b\u00f6lgesinde de bir\u00e7ok bulgu elde edildi. Y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n kuramsal olarak betimlenmi\u015f \u00e7ok ileri evrim hallerinin g\u00f6zlemi, ancak n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n ve kara deliklerin yayd\u0131klar\u0131 X-\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tayf\u0131yla sa\u011fland\u0131. G\u00f6kada k\u00fcmelerinden gelen X-\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yay\u0131m\u0131, g\u00f6kadalar aras\u0131nda, bir olas\u0131l\u0131kla evrimleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda sald\u0131klar\u0131 s\u0131cak bir gaz\u0131n bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Gama \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 ise \u00f6zellikle, kozmik \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n y\u0131ld\u0131zlararas\u0131 madde ile etkile\u015fiminden kaynaklan\u0131r ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu olay\u0131n izleyicisi bi\u00e7iminde ele al\u0131nabilir; ayr\u0131ca bu \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar evrende kar\u015f\u0131t madde bulundu\u011funun belirtisi olarak evrenbilim bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7ok ilgi \u00e7ekici bir \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Astronomi ve Astrofizik<\/p>\n
Astronomi ve Astrofizik, \u00fczerinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gezegenden galaksi d\u0131\u015f\u0131 uzay\u0131n en uzak noktalar\u0131na kadar g\u00f6zlenebilen t\u00fcm evrenle ilgili verilerin topland\u0131\u011f\u0131, aralar\u0131nda ili\u015fkiler kuruldu\u011fu ve yorumland\u0131\u011f\u0131 birer bilim dal\u0131d\u0131r. Astronominin temeli g\u00f6zleme, Astrofizi\u011fin temeli ise laboratuar fizi\u011finin astronomik olaylara uygulanmas\u0131na dayan\u0131r. Bazen astrofizik, hen\u00fcz g\u00f6zlenmemi\u015f olaylar\u0131 \u00f6nceden tahmin ederek, astronomiden \u00f6nce davran\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin astrofizik\u00e7iler n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n modelini, astronomlar\u0131n bu cisimleri g\u00f6zlemsel olarak tespit etmelerinden \u00e7ok \u00f6nce kurmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zetleyecek olursak, astronomi g\u00f6zlemlerden itibaren yoruma gitmek, astrofizik ise fizi\u011fe dayanan modellerden itibaren g\u00f6zlemlere gitmek \u015feklinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Astrofizik G\u00f6k cisimlerinin fiziksel yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, olu\u015fumunu ve evrimini inceleyen g\u00f6kbilim dal\u0131d\u0131r. Evrende g\u00f6r\u00fclen fiziksel ko\u015fullar \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitlidir ve fiziksel parametreler laboratuar deneylerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilemeyen a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 de\u011ferlere ula\u015fabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin y\u0131ld\u0131zlar aras\u0131 ortamda madde, laboratuarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilen en y\u00fcksek vakumda elde edilenden daha seyreltik olabilir; nitekim bu ortamda bir santimetre k\u00fcpte yaln\u0131zca bir atom bulunur; bu olgu laboratuarda g\u00f6zlenemeyen, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[6799,6795,2831,6797,6798,6796],"class_list":["post-2758","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-astrofizigin-buluslari","tag-astrofizik","tag-astronomi","tag-kizil-otesi","tag-mor-otesi","tag-notron-yildizlari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2758","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2758"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2758\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2758"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2758"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2758"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}