Termometreler ince cam borudan yap\u0131l\u0131r. Borunun alt ucu \u015fi\u015fkincedir, buraya alkol ya da civa doldurulur. \u00dczerinde derece \u00e7izgileri bulunan ince uzun k\u0131sm\u0131n i\u00e7indeki hava bo\u015falt\u0131l\u0131r, sonra a\u011fz\u0131 kapat\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece \u0131s\u0131 artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman t\u00fcp\u00fcn i\u00e7indeki s\u0131v\u0131 genle\u015fir ve yava\u015f yava\u015f y\u00fckselir.
\n Meteorolojide Celsius, Fahrenheit veya Kelvin gibi de\u011fi\u015fik \u00f6l\u00e7ekler termometrelerde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Termometreler, de\u011fi\u015fen s\u0131cakl\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n hacim de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi mant\u0131\u011f\u0131na dayan\u0131r. En fazla kullan\u0131lan termometreler cival\u0131 termometrelerdir. S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu yerlerde ise donma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan alkoll\u00fc termometreler tercih edilir.
\n En s\u0131k rastlanan\u0131 c\u0131val\u0131 termometredir. Bu \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kesite sahip ve \u00fcst ucu kapal\u0131 bir t\u00fcpten ibarettir. Alt ucundaysa i\u00e7inde c\u0131va bulunan k\u00fcresel veya silindirik bir hazne bulunur. Is\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131yla, c\u0131va geni\u015fler ve t\u00fcpte y\u00fckselir. T\u00fcp\u00fcn kesitinin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 az bir hacim b\u00fcy\u00fcmesinde c\u0131van\u0131n y\u00fckselmesi olduk\u00e7a fazlad\u0131r. Termometre iki sabit nokta aras\u0131nda kalibre edilir. Bunlar suyun donma noktas\u0131yla kaynama noktas\u0131d\u0131r. Normal atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131nda (760 mm c\u0131va bas\u0131nc\u0131) bu iki nokta aras\u0131ndaki mesafe Celsius termometresinde 100 e\u015fit par\u00e7aya b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr. Bunlar\u0131n her biri bir Centigrad’\u0131 (1\u00b0C) g\u00f6sterir. Fahrenheit \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcndeyse bu 180 e\u015fit par\u00e7aya b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr. Bunlar\u0131n her biriyse Fahrenheit’i (1\u00b0F) g\u00f6sterir. Bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmde, suyun donma ve kaynama noktas\u0131 s\u0131rayla 32\u00b0F ve 212\u00b0F olarak belirlenir. R\u00e9aumur \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcndeyse bu noktalar 0\u00b0R ve 80\u00b0R olarak isimlendirilir. Ara da 80 par\u00e7aya b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr. C\u0131va -39\u00b0C’de dondu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in uygun de\u011fildir. Bu t\u00fcr olanlar donma noktas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan renkli alkolle doldurulmu\u015ftur. Ula\u015f\u0131labilecek en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r olup, 273,16\u00b0C’dir. Mutlak s\u0131f\u0131rdan ba\u015flayan bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc de Kelvin’dir, yani -273,16\u00b0C = 0\u00b0K’d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
CELS\u0130US
\n Celsius \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi, 1742’de \u0130sve\u00e7li astronom Anders Celsius’un ismiyle adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7me birimidir.<\/p>\n
Celsius \u00e7evirim form\u00fclleri
\n ilk \u00f6l\u00e7ek \u00e7evrilen \u00f6l\u00e7ek form\u00fcl
\n Celsius Fahrenheit \u00b0F = \u00b0C \u00d7 1.8 + 32
\n Fahrenheit
\n Celsius \u00b0C = (\u00b0F \u2013 32) \/ 1.8
\n Celsius Kelvin K = \u00b0C + 273.15
\n Kelvin
\n Celsius \u00b0C = K \u2013 273.15
\n S\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011ferlerini birbirine \u00e7evirmek i\u00e7in<\/p>\n
Celsius \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fine g\u00f6re, suyun \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc noktas\u0131 (ayn\u0131 anda kat\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131 ve gaz halinde bulunabildi\u011fi s\u0131cakl\u0131k: triple point) 0,01 \u00b0C (veya 273,16 K) olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. (Bu tan\u0131mla, daha \u00f6nce referans al\u0131nan suyun donma noktas\u0131 273,15 K’dir, ancak \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc noktan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc \u00e7ok daha kesin bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131labilmektedir). Bir derece Celsius (1\u00b0C) ise, mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r ile suyun \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc noktas\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131n\u0131n 1\/273,16’s\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk olarak Anders Celsius taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6nerilen buzun erime noktas\u0131 ile suyun kaynama noktas\u0131 aras\u0131nda 100 derecelik bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi, 1954 y\u0131l\u0131nda daha kesin sonu\u00e7 vermesi amac\u0131yla bu \u015fekle getirilmi\u015ftir. Bu de\u011fi\u015fiklik ve Uluslararas\u0131 A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar ve \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcler konferans\u0131n\u0131n son kararlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda (\u00b0C) birimindeki C sembol\u00fc santigrat olarak de\u011fil Celsius \u015feklinde okunacak. Yani (\u00b0C) nin do\u011fru okunu\u015fu “derece Celsius” \u015feklindedir.
\nFAHRENHAYT<\/p>\n
Geni\u015f bir kullan\u0131m alan\u0131 olan s\u0131cakl\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7ek sistemlerinden birisi. C\u0131vay\u0131 ilk defa termometrik bir ara\u00e7 olarak kullanan Alman Fizik\u00e7i D. G. Fahrenheit taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fe g\u00f6re suyun donma noktas\u0131 32 \u00b0F, kaynama noktas\u0131 ise 212 \u00b0F olarak belirlenmi\u015f ve bu iki nokta aras\u0131 180 e\u015fit par\u00e7aya b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu \u00f6l\u00e7ek sistemi daha hassas oldu\u011fundan ve tam dereceleri okumada daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 de\u011ferler verdi\u011finden meteorolojide ve iklim biliminde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 daha ak\u0131lc\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde, Fahrenhayt s\u0131cakl\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi yerine Santigrat derece kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
KELV\u0130N
\n K harfi ile g\u00f6sterilen ve birim aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 Santigrat (Celsius) derecesiyle ayn\u0131 olan, ancak s\u0131f\u0131r noktas\u0131 olarak mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r\u0131 (\u2013273.15\u00b0C) alan s\u0131cakl\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc birimi. \u0130smini, termodinamikteki mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r kavram\u0131n\u0131 ilk kez gazlardan t\u00fcm maddelere uygulayan \u0130sko\u00e7 as\u0131ll\u0131 bilim adam\u0131 Lord Kelvin’den (1824-1907) al\u0131r. 1954’teki onuncu A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k ve \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcler Genel Konferans\u0131’nda (Conf\u00e9rence G\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Poids et Mesures) suyun \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc noktas\u0131n\u0131n termodinamik s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n (mutlak s\u0131f\u0131rla olan fark\u0131n\u0131n) 273.16’da biri olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n Santigrat derecesi s\u0131f\u0131r noktas\u0131n\u0131 suyun donma noktas\u0131 olarak ald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, 0\u00b0C 273.15K’e e\u015fit olur. Benzeri \u015fekilde Santigrat derece olarak ifade edilen herhangi bir s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kelvine \u00e7evirmek i\u00e7in s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fere 273.15 eklenir. \u00d6rne\u011fin: 22\u00b0C=295.15K (22+273.15)
\n Kelvin s\u0131cakl\u0131k birimi 1967’deki 13. A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k ve \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcler Genel Konferans\u0131’ndan beri “derece” s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kullan\u0131lmadan tan\u0131mlanmakta ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla derece i\u015fareti(\u00b0) olmadan yaz\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
\nC\u0130VALI VE \u0130SP\u0130RTOLU TERMOMETRELER <\/p>\n
Her zaman kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in yeterli olan cival\u0131 ve ispirtolu termometrelerin \u00f6l\u00e7me alan\u0131 \u00e7ok dar ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in tol\u00fcen ve pentan gibi de\u011fi\u015fik s\u0131v\u0131lar kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klar gazl\u0131 termometrelerle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00c7ok incelik isteyen s\u0131cakl\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerinde, laboratuvarlarda elektrik diren\u00e7li termometreler ve termoelektrik termometreler kullan\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n
AZOTLU TERMOMETRE <\/p>\n
Azotlu termometre ile 1600 dereceye kadar olan s\u0131cakl\u0131klar \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir. Bunun \u00fcst\u00fcndeki s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in pirometrelerden yararlan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu \u00e2letin, s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclecek cisme de\u011fmesine gerek yoktur, yaln\u0131zca cismin \u0131\u015f\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7mesi yeterlidir. <\/p>\n
TERMOSTAT <\/p>\n
Termostat, kapal\u0131 bir ortamda termometrenin verilerine dayanarak s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sabit tutan bir \u00e2lettir. \u00dczerinde, istenilen s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 elde etmek i\u00e7in ayarlanabilen bir d\u00fc\u011fmesi vard\u0131r; bir \u0131s\u0131tma ayg\u0131t\u0131na elektrikle ba\u011flanan termostat,, ayg\u0131t\u0131n verdi\u011fi s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 artt\u0131rma\u011fa ya da azaltma\u011fa yarar. <\/p>\n
METAL TERMOMETRELER
\n Cival\u0131 ve alkoll\u00fc termometrelerin \u00f6l\u00e7emedi\u011fi y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7mede kullan\u0131l\u0131r.f\u0131r\u0131n ve fabrikalarda 1600\u00b0C ye kadar olan y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7ebilir.<\/p>\n
SIVILI TERMOMETRELER
\n S\u0131v\u0131l\u0131 termometreler civa ve renklendirilmi\u015f alkol kullan\u0131larak yap\u0131lan termometrelerdir.Termometrelerin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm yapabilecekleri s\u0131cakl\u0131k aral\u0131klar\u0131 vard\u0131r.Bu s\u0131cakl\u0131k aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 termometrede kullan\u0131lan s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n donma ve kaynama s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 aras\u0131d\u0131r.
\nDonma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131
\nCiva -39\u00b0C 357\u00b0C
\nAlkol -115\u00b0C 78\u00b0C
\n Yukar\u0131daki tabloda g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi gibi cival\u0131 termometrelerde -39\u00b0C ile 357\u00b0C ler aras\u0131 alkoll\u00fc termometrelerde ise -115\u00b0C ile 78\u00b0C aras\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011ferleri \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir.
\n Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla hava s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kutuplarda -50\u00b0C lere d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc cival\u0131 termometreyle,kaynamakta olan suyun s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da alkoll\u00fc termometreyle \u00f6l\u00e7emeyiz.<\/p>\n
HASTA TERMOMETRES\u0130
\n V\u00fccut s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7mede kullan\u0131lan cival\u0131 termometredir.35\u00b0C ile 42\u00b0c s\u0131cakl\u0131klar aras\u0131 1\/10 duyarl\u0131l\u0131ktan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir.yani bu termometrelerle 0,1\u00b0C lik s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fmeleri \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir. Hasta termometresindeki bo\u011fum,\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm yap\u0131l\u0131rken civan\u0131n hazneye hemen d\u00f6nmemesi i\u00e7in konulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
GAZLI TERMOMETRELER
\n Gazlar, s\u0131v\u0131lara g\u00f6re, s\u0131v\u0131larda da kat\u0131 maddelere g\u00f6re s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 daha duyarl\u0131d\u0131r.Bu nedenle gazl\u0131 termometreler \u00e7ok hassas s\u0131cakl\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Termometreler ince cam borudan yap\u0131l\u0131r. Borunun alt ucu \u015fi\u015fkincedir, buraya alkol ya da civa doldurulur. \u00dczerinde derece \u00e7izgileri bulunan ince uzun k\u0131sm\u0131n i\u00e7indeki hava bo\u015falt\u0131l\u0131r, sonra a\u011fz\u0131 kapat\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece \u0131s\u0131 artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman t\u00fcp\u00fcn i\u00e7indeki s\u0131v\u0131 genle\u015fir ve yava\u015f yava\u015f y\u00fckselir. Meteorolojide Celsius, Fahrenheit veya Kelvin gibi de\u011fi\u015fik \u00f6l\u00e7ekler termometrelerde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Termometreler, de\u011fi\u015fen s\u0131cakl\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[4928,6806,6807,6808,2977,3038,6755],"class_list":["post-2764","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-astronom","tag-celsius","tag-fahrenheit","tag-lord-kelvin","tag-meteoroloji","tag-termometreler","tag-termostat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2764","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2764"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2764\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2764"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2764"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2764"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}