I\u015f\u0131k H\u0131z\u0131<\/p>\n
Laboratuvar ko\u015fullar\u0131nda \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131 saniyede 17 metreye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.Arabalar art\u0131k \u0131\u015f\u0131ktan h\u0131zl\u0131 gidebilecek. Daha do\u011frusu, burada s\u00f6z konusu olan son derece \u00f6zel bir araba. Nature Dergisi’nin 18 \u015eubat 1999 tarihli say\u0131s\u0131nda, yaln\u0131zca arabalar\u0131n de\u011fil, bisikletlerin de nas\u0131l \u0131\u015f\u0131ktan daha h\u0131zl\u0131 gidebilece\u011fi anlat\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Gen\u00e7 Einstein, bir tramvayda ofisine do\u011fru gitti\u011fi s\u0131rada G\u00f6relilik Kuram\u0131’n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015flerken, \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131yla yolculuk etmenin nas\u0131l bir \u015fey olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 merak etmekteydi. Ancak, o g\u00fcnlerde, herhangi bir tramvay, bisikletci ya da araban\u0131n, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n bo\u015fluktaki h\u0131z\u0131na, yani saniyede 300 milyon metrelik h\u0131za ula\u015fmas\u0131 olanaks\u0131zd\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Einstein, bu h\u0131z\u0131, herhangi bir nesnenin a\u015famayaca\u011f\u0131, \u00fcst h\u0131z s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olarak belirledi.<\/p>\n
Burada anahtar s\u00f6zc\u00fck vakum, yani maddesiz ortamd\u0131r. Madde, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 so\u011furarak, sa\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar ve onu yava\u015flat\u0131r. I\u015f\u0131k huzmelerinin su, cam lensler ya da prizmadan sapmas\u0131, yani k\u0131r\u0131lma, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu saydam ortamlarca yava\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n do\u011furdu\u011fu bir yan etkidir.<\/p>\n
Bununla birlikte, ola\u011fan bir k\u0131r\u0131lma, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n bo\u015flukta yolal\u0131rken ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u0131z\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazla olmaz. K\u0131r\u0131l\u0131ma neden olan ortam\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi bir k\u0131r\u0131lma s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur. K\u0131r\u0131lma \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 yava\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, ortam\u0131n, \u0131\u015f\u0131k i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7erken onu so\u011furma olana\u011f\u0131 do\u011far. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da, i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7en \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok yava\u015flatan maddeler donuk, yani opak hale gelerek, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcm\u00fcyle engellerler.<\/p>\n
Fizik\u00e7iler, so\u011furma olmaks\u0131z\u0131n y\u00fcksek oranda k\u0131r\u0131lma sa\u011flayarak, donukla\u015fmas\u0131 gereken maddelerin saydam olarak korundu\u011fu ortamlar yaratmak yoluyla, art\u0131k bu engeli a\u015fm\u0131\u015f bulunuyorlar. Bu ama\u00e7la da lazerlerin yard\u0131m\u0131na ba\u015fvurulmu\u015f.<\/p>\n
K\u0131r\u0131l\u0131m ortam\u0131 ise, lazerler yard\u0131m\u0131yla haz\u0131rlanan, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131-so\u011fuk atom bulutlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fuyor.Bu sistem i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7en \u0131\u015f\u0131k, atomlarla de\u011fil de, atom-art\u0131-lazer sistemiyle etkile\u015fime girmekte ve ilgin\u00e7 etkilere yol a\u00e7makta. Bu etkilerden biri, ‘elektromanyetik yolla sa\u011flanan saydaml\u0131k’ ad\u0131 verilen bir olay nedeniyle, so\u011furman\u0131n yokedilmesi.<\/p>\n
Lazerle haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f kur\u015fun atomlar\u0131 kullanan Stanford \u00dcniversitesi bilim adamlar\u0131, bir \u0131\u015f\u0131k pulsunu, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n bo\u015fluktaki h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n 165’te birine, yani saniyede 180.000 metreye yava\u015flatm\u0131\u015flar. Bu bile, en iyi bisiklet\u00e7inin ula\u015famayaca\u011f\u0131 bir h\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Cambridge, Rowland Bilim Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’nden Lene Vestergaard Hau ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 ise, Nature’da yer alan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda, lazerle haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f atom bulutlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131, bo\u015fluktaki h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l 20 milyonda birine, yani saniyede 17 metreye yava\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnya rekortmeni bisiklet yar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Bruce Bursford, \u00f6zel bir vites sistemi ta\u015f\u0131yan \u00f6zel bir bisikletle, saniyede 92 metrelik inan\u0131lmaz bir h\u0131za ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f ki\u015fi olarak, art\u0131k \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131nda bisiklete binebilecek.<\/p>\n
Hau ve arkada\u015flar\u0131, bu sonuca, mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r\u0131n (eksi 273\u00b0C) hemen \u00fcst\u00fcnde bir s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa so\u011futulmu\u015f sodyum atomlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fma bir gazla ula\u015fm\u0131\u015flar. So\u011futma i\u015flemi bile, \u0131s\u0131l, yani termik etkileri azalt\u0131yor ve \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n yava\u015flamas\u0131nda rol oynuyor. Ancak, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klar, ayr\u0131ca ek bir etki do\u011furmakta.<\/p>\n
Belli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k alt\u0131nda, mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r\u0131n, derecenin 435 milyarda biri kadar \u00fczerinde, atomlar, her biri e\u015fit kuantum durumunu benimsemeye e\u011filim g\u00f6sterdikleri, maddeni Bose- Einstein Kondensat (BEC) ad\u0131 verilen \u00f6zel bir haline ge\u00e7i\u015f yap\u0131yorlar. Bir bak\u0131ma, BEC’teki t\u00fcm atomlar, sanki ‘ayn\u0131’ atommu\u015f gibi davran\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n
BEC’ler, s\u0131radan atomik gazlar\u0131n en so\u011fuklar\u0131ndan bile daha yo\u011fundur. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve atomlar\u0131n kuantum koherans\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131, \u0131\u015f\u0131k pulslar\u0131n\u0131n BEC i\u00e7inde, saniyede 17 metrelik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir h\u0131za yava\u015flamalar\u0131na neden oluyor.<\/p>\n
Bir \u0131\u015f\u0131k pulsunun h\u0131z\u0131, bir Bose- Einstein alkoli atom kondansat\u0131 i\u00e7inde optik olarak end\u00fcklenmi\u015f kuantum giri\u015fimi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, neredeyse iyi bir bisiklet\u00e7inin bisiklet s\u00fcrme h\u0131z\u0131na indirgenmi\u015f bulunuyor.<\/p>\n
I\u015f\u0131k pulsu, serbest bo\u015fluktaki h\u0131z\u0131na oranla, yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 milyona e\u015fde\u011fer bir \u00e7arpan kadar yava\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131. Ortam, ayr\u0131ca, bug\u00fcne kadar g\u00f6zlenen en b\u00fcy\u00fck optik do\u011frusall\u0131ks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (yo\u011funlu\u011fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131m indisi bi\u00e7iminde) sunmakta.<\/p>\n
Bu teknik sayesinde, tek bir foton d\u00fczeyindeki d\u00fczlemsel olmayan optikler kadar, evreye duyarl\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 madde dalgas\u0131 uyar\u0131lmalar\u0131 da olanakl\u0131 hale gelebilecek. Kapakta, bu yar\u0131\u015f\u0131n ba\u015frol oyuncular\u0131 olan, deneydeki vakum pencerelerinin \u00e7er\u00e7eveleri g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
I\u015f\u0131k H\u0131z\u0131 Laboratuvar ko\u015fullar\u0131nda \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131 saniyede 17 metreye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.Arabalar art\u0131k \u0131\u015f\u0131ktan h\u0131zl\u0131 gidebilecek. Daha do\u011frusu, burada s\u00f6z konusu olan son derece \u00f6zel bir araba. Nature Dergisi’nin 18 \u015eubat 1999 tarihli say\u0131s\u0131nda, yaln\u0131zca arabalar\u0131n de\u011fil, bisikletlerin de nas\u0131l \u0131\u015f\u0131ktan daha h\u0131zl\u0131 gidebilece\u011fi anlat\u0131l\u0131yor. Gen\u00e7 Einstein, bir tramvayda ofisine do\u011fru gitti\u011fi s\u0131rada G\u00f6relilik Kuram\u0131’n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015flerken, \u0131\u015f\u0131k …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[2722,2776,6861],"class_list":["post-2803","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-einstein","tag-fizik","tag-isik-hizi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2803","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2803"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2803\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2803"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2803"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2803"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}