Yal\u0131t\u0131m, herhangi bir yal\u0131t\u0131m malzemesi kullan\u0131larak, ortamdan d\u0131\u015far\u0131 olan enerji ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n indirgenmesidir. Yal\u0131t\u0131m malzemelerinin (yal\u0131tkan) \u00e7e\u015fitli tipleri vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
Is\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 indirgemek i\u00e7in, \u0131s\u0131l (termal) yal\u0131tkanlar.
\n Elektrik ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in, elektrik yal\u0131tkanlar.
\n Ses dalgalar\u0131n\u0131 indirgemek i\u00e7in, akustik yal\u0131tkanlar.
\n Bir malzeme her y\u00f6nden yal\u0131tkan olmayabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, elmas m\u00fckemmel bir elektrik yal\u0131tkan\u0131 iken, \u00e7ok k\u00f6t\u00fc bir \u0131s\u0131 yal\u0131tkan\u0131d\u0131r. Sentetik haldeki saf elmas, \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 bak\u0131rdan daha iyi iletir ve oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bilinen en iyi \u0131s\u0131l iletkenlik katsay\u0131s\u0131na sahip kat\u0131 malzemelerden biridir. Yani oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bilinen en k\u00f6t\u00fc yal\u0131tkanlardan biridir.
\n Is\u0131, do\u011fal olarak y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131ktan, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa do\u011fru akar ve direncin en az oldu\u011fu yol boyunca en fazla \u0131s\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 olu\u015fur. Y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k b\u00f6lgesinin yan\u0131ndan, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k b\u00f6lgesine bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k gradyeni olu\u015fur. Is\u0131l yal\u0131t\u0131m, s\u0131cakl\u0131k gradyeni i\u00e7inden olan \u0131s\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrerek, s\u0131cakl\u0131k gradyenini korur.
\n B\u00fcy\u00fck alet\/ara\u00e7lar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011funda yal\u0131t\u0131m yer al\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, f\u0131r\u0131nlarda, so\u011futucularda, dondurucularda ve su \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131nda. \u00c7o\u011fu halde, yal\u0131t\u0131m \u00e7evreye olan \u0131s\u0131 kayb\u0131n\u0131 engellemeye yarar. Di\u011fer hallerde ise, \u00e7evreden gelen \u0131s\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 koruma sa\u011flar<\/p>\n
Is\u0131 Transferi ve Yal\u0131t\u0131m<\/p>\n
Is\u0131 transferi \u00fc\u00e7 yolla olur.
\n Kond\u00fcksiyon ya da iletim , madde veya cismin bir taraf\u0131ndan di\u011fer taraf\u0131na \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n iletilmesi ile olu\u015fan \u0131s\u0131 transferinin bir \u00e7e\u015fididir. Is\u0131 transferi daima y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131ktan, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa do\u011frudur. Yo\u011fun maddeler genelde iyi iletkendirler; \u00f6rne\u011fin metaller \u00e7ok iyi iletkenlerdir.
\n Konveksiyon ya da ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131m, kat\u0131 y\u00fczey ile ak\u0131\u015fkan aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen \u0131s\u0131 transferinin bir \u00e7e\u015fididir. Ak\u0131\u015fkan i\u00e7indeki ak\u0131mlar vas\u0131tas\u0131 ile \u0131s\u0131 transfer edilir. Ak\u0131\u015fkan i\u00e7indeki veya ak\u0131\u015fkanla s\u0131n\u0131r y\u00fczey aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131cakl\u0131k farklar\u0131ndan ve bu fark\u0131n yo\u011funluk \u00fczerinde olu\u015fturdu\u011fu etkiden do\u011fabilmektedir.
\n I\u015f\u0131n\u0131m yolu ile \u0131s\u0131 transferi, fotonlar (elektromanyetik radyasyon) yolu ile olan \u0131s\u0131 transferidir.
\n Yal\u0131tkanlar, bu \u0131s\u0131 transfer y\u00f6ntemlerindeki \u0131s\u0131 ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ile yal\u0131t\u0131m sa\u011flar. \u00d6rne\u011fin; ince bir k\u00f6p\u00fck (strafor) tabakas\u0131 konveksiyon ve kond\u00fcksiyon ile olan \u0131s\u0131 ge\u00e7i\u015fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr. Yans\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 bir metalik film veya beyaz boya \u0131s\u0131l yay\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr. Baz\u0131 malzemeler bir \u0131s\u0131 transfer y\u00f6ntemi i\u00e7in iyi bir yal\u0131tkand\u0131r, fakat di\u011feri i\u00e7in k\u00f6t\u00fc olabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, metal bir tabaka \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m i\u00e7in iyi bir yal\u0131tkand\u0131r, fakat iletim i\u00e7in \u00e7ok k\u00f6t\u00fc bir yal\u0131tkand\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yal\u0131t\u0131m \u0130htiyac\u0131n\u0131n Nedenleri <\/p>\n
\u00c7o\u011fu \u00fclkede, \u0131s\u0131tma ve so\u011futma i\u015fi i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda enerji yani para harcanmaktad\u0131r. Evler ve binalar verimli ve do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde yal\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda:
\n Enerji verimi artacak ve parasal olarak tasarruf sa\u011flanacakt\u0131r.
\n Yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, ekstra bir g\u00fc\u00e7 ve maliyete gerek yoktur, kal\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r ve genelde bak\u0131m gerektirmez.
\n Konforu artt\u0131r\u0131r. Bina boyunca, s\u0131cakl\u0131k da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 daha homojen olur.
\n Yal\u0131t\u0131m, d\u0131\u015fardan gelen g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcy\u00fc emdi\u011fi i\u00e7in, ses yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 da sa\u011flar.
\n Genel bir kazan\u00e7 olarak da, yal\u0131t\u0131m sayesinde \u0131s\u0131nma amac\u0131 ile yak\u0131lan yak\u0131ttan \u00e7evreye olan zararl\u0131 at\u0131k gaz ge\u00e7i\u015fi azalm\u0131\u015f olur.
\n E\u011fer bina k\u00f6t\u00fc yal\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve k\u00f6t\u00fc havaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yorsa \u015fu i\u015faretler g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr:
\n K\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda, taban alt\u0131 ve tavan aralar\u0131nda \u00e7i\u011flenme ve donmu\u015f y\u00fczeyler olu\u015fur.
\n Yaz aylar\u0131nda, tavan aras\u0131 son derece s\u0131cak ve bunalt\u0131c\u0131 olur.
\n Yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n mutlaka t\u00fcm bina ihtiyac\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereklidir. Sadece ya\u015fam mekanlar\u0131n\u0131n yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131, tavan ve taban yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 olmadan do\u011fru yal\u0131t\u0131m \u015fekli de\u011fildir. Bina \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcreklili\u011fini koruyabilmek i\u00e7in mutlaka \u0131s\u0131 kayb\u0131 olan t\u00fcm alanlar\u0131n saptanmas\u0131 ve yal\u0131t\u0131mda g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmas\u0131 gereklidir.<\/p>\n
Is\u0131 Yal\u0131t\u0131m Malzemeleri<\/p>\n
Binalarda kullan\u0131lan \u0131s\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m malzemeleri ve \u00fcr\u00fcn standartlar\u0131: <\/p>\n
Camy\u00fcn\u00fc, TS 901 EN 13162
\n Ta\u015fy\u00fcn\u00fc, TS 901 EN 13162
\n Ekspande Polistiren (EPS), TS 7316 EN 13163
\n Ekstrude Polistiren (XPS), TS 11989 EN 13164
\n Poli\u00fcretan (PUR), TS EN 13165
\n Fenol K\u00f6p\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, TS EN 13166
\n Cam K\u00f6p\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, TS EN 13167
\n Ah\u015fap Lifli Levhalar, TS EN 13168
\n Genle\u015ftirilmi\u015f Perlit (EPB), TS EN 13169
\n Genle\u015ftirilmi\u015f Mantar(ICB) TS EN 13170
\n Ah\u015fap y\u00fcn\u00fc levhalar, TS EN 13171
\n Tesisatlarda kullan\u0131lan \u0131s\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m malzemeleri ve standartlar\u0131:
\n Camy\u00fcn\u00fc, prEN 14303
\n Ta\u015fy\u00fcn\u00fc, prEN 14303
\n Elastomerik Kau\u00e7uk (FEF) prEN 14304
\n Cam K\u00f6p\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (CG) prEN 14305
\n Kalsiyum Silikat (CS) prEN 14306
\n Ekstr\u00fcde Polistiren (XPS) prEN 14307
\n Poli\u00fcretan (PUR \/ PIR) prEN 14308
\n Ekspande Polistiren (EPS), prEN 14309
\n Polietilen K\u00f6p\u00fck (PEF), prEN 14313
\n Fenolik K\u00f6p\u00fck prEN 14314
\n Su Yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ve \u0130lgili MalzemelerYap\u0131larda su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131, suyun veya nemin yap\u0131 i\u00e7ine girmesine veya yap\u0131 elemanlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrekli bir bi\u00e7imde etkileyerek teknik ve g\u00f6rsel olarak bozmas\u0131na engel olmak amac\u0131yla uygulan\u0131r. Bu bozulmalardan en s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan\u0131 \u00f6zellikle bodrum katlarda zemin i\u00e7erisinde mevcut olan suyun temel duvarlar\u0131ndan veya zemin pla\u011f\u0131ndan s\u0131zarak bina i\u00e7erisinden rutubete yol a\u00e7mas\u0131d\u0131r. Su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kabaca \u015fu gruplara ay\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr:
\n Topraktan y\u00fckselen neme kar\u015f\u0131 zemin pla\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yatay d\u00fczlemde yal\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 (bit\u00fcml\u00fc \u00f6rt\u00fcler, drenaj levhas\u0131 vs. ile)
\n Duvarlar\u0131n topraktan y\u00fckselen neme kar\u015f\u0131 yatay d\u00fczlemde yal\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 (duvar bariyeri vs.)
\n Zemin seviyesinin alt\u0131nda kalan duvarlara yatay d\u00fczlemde etki eden suyun d\u00fc\u015fey y\u00f6ndeki elemanlarla yal\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 (bit\u00fcml\u00fc \u00f6rt\u00fcler, drenaj levhas\u0131 vs. ile)
\n Su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00fclkemizde yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu \u00fczere sadece bit\u00fcml\u00fc boyalarla yapmak art\u0131k uluslararas\u0131 standartlara g\u00f6re yeterli bulunmamaktad\u0131r. \u0130deal bir su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 yeterli kal\u0131nl\u0131ktaki bit\u00fcml\u00fc \u00f6rt\u00fcn\u00fcn ek olarak HDPE ( Y\u00fcksek yo\u011funluklu Polietilen) den mamul drenaj levhalar\u0131 ile ek olarak toprak bas\u0131nc\u0131 ve oturmalara kar\u015f\u0131 korunmas\u0131 ile elde edilir.
\n Drenaj levhas\u0131 ayr\u0131ca Grobeton yerine alternatif olarak kullan\u0131larak hem zemin pla\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckselen neme kar\u015f\u0131 korunmas\u0131n\u0131, hem de Grobetondan ucuz olmas\u0131 ve h\u0131zl\u0131 d\u00f6\u015fenmesi sebebiyle maliyetlerin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Yal\u0131t\u0131m, herhangi bir yal\u0131t\u0131m malzemesi kullan\u0131larak, ortamdan d\u0131\u015far\u0131 olan enerji ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n indirgenmesidir. Yal\u0131t\u0131m malzemelerinin (yal\u0131tkan) \u00e7e\u015fitli tipleri vard\u0131r: Is\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 indirgemek i\u00e7in, \u0131s\u0131l (termal) yal\u0131tkanlar. Elektrik ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in, elektrik yal\u0131tkanlar. Ses dalgalar\u0131n\u0131 indirgemek i\u00e7in, akustik yal\u0131tkanlar. Bir malzeme her y\u00f6nden yal\u0131tkan olmayabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, elmas m\u00fckemmel bir elektrik yal\u0131tkan\u0131 iken, \u00e7ok k\u00f6t\u00fc bir \u0131s\u0131 yal\u0131tkan\u0131d\u0131r. …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[6910,6911,3130,4921,6912,6908,6909,6907],"class_list":["post-2837","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-camyunu","tag-elastomerik-kaucuk","tag-elektrik","tag-elektromanyetik-radyasyon","tag-fenol-kopugu","tag-isi-transferi","tag-isi-yalitim-malzemeleri","tag-yalitim"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2837","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2837"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2837\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2837"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2837"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2837"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}