Genle\u015fme geni\u015fleme anlam\u0131ndan gelir. S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131lan bir cismin uzunluk ya da hacminin de\u011fi\u015fmesi olay\u0131d\u0131r. Kat\u0131lar\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131 ya da gazlar\u0131 olu\u015fturan tanecikler, ortalama konumlar\u0131 \u00e7evresinde s\u00fcrekli \u00e7alkalanma halindedirler. Bu cisimlerden birine \u0131s\u0131 bi\u00e7iminde enerji verilirse, bu enerji kinetik enerji ye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, kinetik enerjisi artan tanecikler daha \u015fiddetle \u00e7alkalan\u0131r ve daha geni\u015f alana yay\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar; yani s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fckselen cisim (kat\u0131,s\u0131v\u0131, gaz) ayn\u0131 zamanda genle\u015fir.<\/p>\n
KATILARDA GENLE\u015eME<\/p>\n
D\u0131\u015far\u0131dan \u0131s\u0131 alan maddenin taneciklerinin kinetik enerjisi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla taneciklerin titre\u015fim h\u0131z\u0131 artar. Tanecikler birbirinden uzakla\u015fmaya ba\u015flar. Bu olay genle\u015fme ad\u0131 ile an\u0131l\u0131r. Tersine olarak madde d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya \u0131s\u0131 verdi\u011finde (madde so\u011futuldu\u011funda) maddenin taneciklerinin kinetik enerjisi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla taneciklerin titre\u015fim h\u0131z\u0131 azal\u0131r ve maddenin hacmi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Maddelerin genle\u015fmesi ya da tersine b\u00fcz\u00fclmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck kuvvetlerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, tren raylar\u0131nda, k\u00f6pr\u00fc gibi yap\u0131larda hasarlara neden olmaktad\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden tren yaylar\u0131n\u0131n eklenti yerlerinde bo\u015fluklar b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r, k\u00f6pr\u00fcler demir makaralar \u00fczerine oturtulur. \u00c7evremizdeki bu t\u00fcr yap\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6zlemleyerek genle\u015fme ile ilgili bir \u00e7ok \u00f6rnekler bulabiliriz.<\/p>\n
BOYCA UZAMA Bir metal \u00e7ubu\u011fun \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmadan \u00f6nceki ilk boyu, l0 olsun. Bu metal \u00e7ubu\u011fu \u0131s\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda boyu uzayarak son boyu l olur. Boyca uzama miktar\u0131 (\u0394l);<\/p>\n
\u0394L =l-l0 = L0.\u03bb.\u0394t ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131yla bulunur.<\/p>\n
Burada, l0 :Metalin ilk boyu.
\n \u03bb:Metalin boyca genle\u015fme katsay\u0131s\u0131.
\n \u0394t = tson-tilk:Metalin \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmadan \u00f6nceki s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonraki s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Y\u00dcZEYCE GENLE\u015eME Bir metal levhan\u0131n \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmadan \u00f6nceki ilk y\u00fczeyi S0 olsun. Bu metal levhay\u0131 \u0131s\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, y\u00fczey artarak son y\u00fczeyi S olur.<\/p>\n
\u0394S = S-S0.2 \u03bb.\u0394t ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131yla hesap edilir.<\/p>\n
Burada;
\n S0:Metalin ilk y\u00fcz\u00fc.
\n 2\u03bb:Y\u00fczeyce genle\u015fme katsay\u0131s\u0131 (Boyca genle\u015fmenin iki kat\u0131d\u0131r.)
\n \u0394t = tson-tilk \u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131d\u0131r<\/p>\n
HAC\u0130MCE GENLE\u015eME Metal bir k\u00fcrenin \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmadan \u00f6nceki ilk hacmi V0 olsun.Bu metal k\u00fcreyi \u0131s\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda son hacmi V olur. Hacimce genle\u015fme miktar\u0131 \u0394V,<\/p>\n
\u0394V = V-V0 =V0.3\u03bb.\u0394t ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131yla hesap edilir.Burada;
\n V0:Metal k\u00fcrenin ilk hacmi.
\n 3\u03bb:Hacimce genle\u015fme katsay\u0131s\u0131 (Dikkat edilirse boyca genle\u015fme katsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 kat\u0131d\u0131r.)
\n \u0394t = tson-tilk : S\u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
SIVILARDA GENLE\u015eME<\/p>\n
Kat\u0131 maddelerin genle\u015fmelerini g\u00f6rd\u00fck, benim akl\u0131ma \u015fu soru geldi, peki s\u0131v\u0131 maddelerde de genle\u015fme olur mu? Tabi ki olur \u015fimdi birlikte bu konuyu i\u015fleyelim. \u00d6ncelikle \u015fu sorulara cevap bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m.<\/p>\n
A\u011fz\u0131na kadar dolu bir \u00e7aydanl\u0131k \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a neden ta\u015far?<\/p>\n
Termometrelerde c\u0131va veya alkol seviyesi s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fmelerinde neden y\u00fckselip al\u00e7al\u0131r?<\/p>\n
Bu ve bunun gibi sorulara, bilimsel alarak daha iyi cevaplar verebilmemiz i\u00e7in, s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 incelememiz gerekir. Ama bir sorunumuz var. S\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmadaki davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131, kat\u0131larda oldu\u011fu gibi inceleyemeyiz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131 kat\u0131lar gibi \u015fekillendirmek, \u00f6rne\u011fin boru haline getirmek imkans\u0131zd\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden, s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n, bir kap i\u00e7inde incelenmeleri gerekir.<\/p>\n
S\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n genle\u015fmesinden s\u0131v\u0131l\u0131 termometrelerde, s\u0131cak su kazanlar\u0131nda, termosifonlarda ve kalorifer sistemlerinde yararlan\u0131l\u0131r. S\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n genle\u015fme miktar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131 ile hesaplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0394V = V. a. \u0394t<\/p>\n
Ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131da \u0394V s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n hacimce genle\u015fme miktar\u0131, V s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n ilk hacmi, a s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n hacimce genle\u015fme katsay\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
GAZLARDA GENLE\u015eME<\/p>\n
\u015eimdi de gazlar\u0131n \u0131s\u0131 etkisiyle genle\u015fmelerini ele alal\u0131m. \u015eu sorular\u0131 cevaplamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m. Soba \u00fczerinde tutulan \u015fi\u015firilmi\u015f bir balon ni\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fcr ve hatta patlar? 1783 y\u0131l\u0131nda Montgolfier karde\u015fler, balonlar\u0131n\u0131 u\u00e7urabilmek i\u00e7in, balonun a\u00e7\u0131k alt k\u0131sm\u0131nda ate\u015f yakm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ni\u00e7in? Bu sorulara bulaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z cevaplar bize, gazlarda da hacmin, kat\u0131 ve s\u0131v\u0131larda oldu\u011fu gibi s\u0131cakl\u0131kla artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 vermekte.
\n S\u0131cakl\u0131kla genle\u015fme, gazdan gaza de\u011fi\u015fmemektedir.<\/p>\n
METAL \u00c7\u0130FT\u0130<\/p>\n
Farkl\u0131 metallerden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f e\u015fit uzunluktaki iki \u00e7ubuk bir birine per\u00e7inlenerek metal \u00e7ifti yap\u0131labilir. Bu iki \u00e7ubuk, per\u00e7inli olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak hareket edemezler. Fakat uzama katsay\u0131lar\u0131 bir birinden farkl\u0131 olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in biri di\u011feri \u00fczerine b\u00fck\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Metal \u00e7iftlerinin bir\u00e7ok kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n en \u00f6nemlisi elektrik termostatlar\u0131d\u0131r. Termostat s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131na alarak sabit bir de\u011ferde tutmaya yarayan bir alettir. Elektrikli \u015fofben, elektrikli \u00fct\u00fc, evlerdeki radyat\u00f6r t\u00fcr\u00fc \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131lar termostatl\u0131 aletlerdir.<\/p>\n
Bu aletlerde s\u0131cakl\u0131k artt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda metal \u00e7ifti b\u00fck\u00fcl\u00fcr ve devreyi keser. Bir s\u00fcre so\u011fuyunca metal \u00e7ifti so\u011fuyarak eski durumuna gelir ve devreyi tamamlar. Is\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flar. B\u00f6ylece aletin sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yang\u0131n alarmlar\u0131nda s\u0131cakl\u0131k artt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda metal \u00e7ifti yukar\u0131 b\u00fck\u00fclerek elektrik devresini kapat\u0131r ve zil \u00e7alar. Ayn\u0131 zamanda metal termometrelerde ve fla\u015f\u00f6rlerde metal \u00e7iftleri kullan\u0131larak yap\u0131lan ara\u00e7lard\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Genle\u015fme geni\u015fleme anlam\u0131ndan gelir. S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131lan bir cismin uzunluk ya da hacminin de\u011fi\u015fmesi olay\u0131d\u0131r. Kat\u0131lar\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131 ya da gazlar\u0131 olu\u015fturan tanecikler, ortalama konumlar\u0131 \u00e7evresinde s\u00fcrekli \u00e7alkalanma halindedirler. Bu cisimlerden birine \u0131s\u0131 bi\u00e7iminde enerji verilirse, bu enerji kinetik enerji ye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, kinetik enerjisi artan tanecikler daha \u015fiddetle \u00e7alkalan\u0131r ve daha geni\u015f alana yay\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar; yani …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[6753,2161,4937,7014],"class_list":["post-2892","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-isinan-maddelerde-genlesme","tag-kinetik-enerji","tag-termometre","tag-titresim"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2892","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2892"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2892\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2892"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2892"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2892"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}