OPT\u0130K<\/p>\n
I\u015f\u0131k Nedir? <\/p>\n
I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flarla tan\u0131r\u0131z. I\u015f\u0131k saydam ortamlarda yay\u0131l\u0131r. I\u015f\u0131k foton denilen taneciklerden olu\u015fur. Fotonlar\u0131n belirli bir dalga boyu vard\u0131r. Baz\u0131 fiziksel olaylarda tanecik, baz\u0131lar\u0131nda dalga yap\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6sterir. Belirli enerjileri vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
I\u015f\u0131k Kaynaklar\u0131<\/p>\n
Hangi ortamda olursa olsun, gece ve g\u00fcnd\u00fcz kendili\u011finden \u0131\u015f\u0131k yayarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen cisimlere \u0131\u015f\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131 denir. I\u015f\u0131k kaynaklar\u0131, yap\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re, s\u0131cak (akkor) \u0131\u015f\u0131k kaynaklar\u0131 ve so\u011fuk (akkor olmayan) \u0131\u015f\u0131k kaynaklar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00dczerine d\u00fc\u015fen \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7irip ge\u00e7irmemelerine g\u00f6re, maddeler \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mda incelenir. \u00dczerlerine d\u00fc\u015fen \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 tamam\u0131yla ge\u00e7irebilen, cam, su ve hava gibi maddelere saydam maddeler denir. \u00dczerlerine d\u00fc\u015fen \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7iren maddelere yar\u0131 saydam maddeler hi\u00e7 ge\u00e7irmeyenlere ise saydam olmayan maddeler denir. <\/p>\n
I\u015f\u0131k Nas\u0131l Yay\u0131l\u0131r?<\/p>\n
I\u015f\u0131k kaynaklar\u0131ndan yay\u0131lan \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar t\u00fcrde\u015f ortam i\u00e7erisinde do\u011fru boyunca ilerler. I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilerlemesi i\u00e7in ortama ihtiya\u00e7 yoktur. I\u015f\u0131k t\u00fcrde\u015f saydam ortam i\u00e7erisinde sabit h\u0131zla yay\u0131l\u0131r ve \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131 ortama g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\n
Tam G\u00f6lge – Yar\u0131 G\u00f6lge<\/p>\n
Kaynaklardan yay\u0131lan \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar, ortamda ilerlerken saydam olmayan cisimler \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015ferlerse, cisimleri ge\u00e7emediklerinden dolay\u0131, cisimlerin arka taraf\u0131nda karanl\u0131k alanlar olu\u015fur. Meydana gelen bu karanl\u0131k alanlara g\u00f6lge denir. G\u00f6lgenin \u015fekli, saydam olmayan cismin \u015feklinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck kesiti gibidir. Bunun sebebi, noktasal \u0131\u015f\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n do\u011frusal olarak yay\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n
\u015eekildeki \u0131\u015f\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n hi\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015fmedi\u011fi yerlere tam g\u00f6lge, kayna\u011f\u0131n baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinden \u0131\u015f\u0131k d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinden \u0131\u015f\u0131k d\u00fc\u015fmedi\u011fi yerlere de yar\u0131 g\u00f6lge denir.<\/p>\n
E\u011fer kullan\u0131lan \u0131\u015f\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131 \u015fekildeki gibi saydam olmayan engelden b\u00fcy\u00fck ise, perdenin bulundu\u011fu yere g\u00f6re g\u00f6lge \u015fekilleri de\u011fi\u015fir. Perde (a) konumunda iken ortada tam g\u00f6lge ve etraf\u0131nda yar\u0131 g\u00f6lge olu\u015fur. Perde (b) konumunda iken yaln\u0131z yar\u0131 g\u00f6lge olu\u015fur. (\u015eekil (a) ve (b))<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnya g\u00fcne\u015f etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nerken, ay d\u00fcnya ile g\u00fcne\u015f aras\u0131na \u015fekildeki gibi girdi\u011finde, ay\u0131n g\u00f6lgesi d\u00fcnya \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015fer ve K noktas\u0131ndan bakan g\u00f6zlemci g\u00fcne\u015fi g\u00f6remez. Bu olaya g\u00fcne\u015f tutulmas\u0131 denir.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnya, g\u00fcne\u015f etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nerken ay ile g\u00fcne\u015f aras\u0131na \u015fekildeki gibi girdi\u011finde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u00f6lgesi, ay \u00fczerine g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n gelmesini engeller. G\u00fcne\u015ften \u0131\u015f\u0131k alamayan ay, L noktas\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclmez, bu olaya da ay tutulmas\u0131 denir.<\/p>\n
D\u00dcZLEM AYNALAR<\/p>\n
Yans\u0131ma<\/p>\n
Saydam ortamda hareket eden \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n herhangi bir y\u00fczeye \u00e7arp\u0131p geri d\u00f6nmesine yans\u0131ma denir. Yans\u0131ma olay\u0131nda \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131, frekans\u0131, rengi yani hi\u00e7bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fmez. Sadece hareket y\u00f6n\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\n
Bir y\u00fczeyle 90\u00b0 lik a\u00e7\u0131 yapan dikmeye y\u00fczeyin normali denir. Gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131nla normal aras\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131ya gelme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 (a), yans\u0131yan \u0131\u015f\u0131nla normal aras\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131ya da yans\u0131ma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 (b) denir.<\/p>\n
Yans\u0131man\u0131n iki yasas\u0131 vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
1. Gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131n, normal ve yans\u0131yan \u0131\u015f\u0131n ayn\u0131 d\u00fczlemdedir.<\/p>\n
2. Gelme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 yans\u0131ma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na e\u015fittir. (a = b)<\/p>\n
I\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n geldi\u011fi y\u00fczey \u015fekildeki gibi d\u00fczg\u00fcn olursa, bu y\u00fczeyin her noktas\u0131nda normaller birbirine paraleldir. \u015eekildeki gibi gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n gelme a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 birbirine yans\u0131ma a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 da birbirine e\u015fit olur.<\/p>\n
Bundan dolay\u0131 y\u00fczeye birbirine paralel gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131n demeti, y\u00fczeyden de birbirine paralel olarak yans\u0131r. Bu yans\u0131maya d\u00fczg\u00fcn yans\u0131ma denir. <\/p>\n
E\u011fer y\u00fczey \u015fekildeki gibi d\u00fczg\u00fcn de\u011filse, y\u00fczeyin b\u00fct\u00fcn noktalar\u0131ndaki normaller farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00fczeye paralel gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n gelme a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 yans\u0131ma a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na e\u015fit olmaz. Bu yans\u0131maya da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k yans\u0131ma denir.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc Olu\u015fumu<\/p>\n
Herhangi bir cismi g\u00f6rebilmek i\u00e7in, cisimden yay\u0131lan \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n g\u00f6ze gelmesi gerekir. Cisimden \u00e7\u0131kan \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar do\u011frudan g\u00f6ze gelirse cisim g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. <\/p>\n
E\u011fer cisimden \u00e7\u0131kan \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar, yans\u0131ma veya k\u0131r\u0131lma sonucu g\u00f6ze gelirse alg\u0131lanan \u015fey cismin g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc olur.<\/p>\n
\u015eekildeki K noktasal cisminin g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc bulmak i\u00e7in iki \u0131\u015f\u0131n kullanmak yeterlidir. Bu \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar yans\u0131ma kurallar\u0131na g\u00f6re yans\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r. I\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n uzant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kesi\u015fti\u011fi yerde g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc olu\u015fur. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc aynaya dik g\u00f6nderilen \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n uzant\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinde olmak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
E\u011fer cisim \u015fekildeki gibi ise K ve L noktalar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri bulunur ve bu K’, L’ g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc noktalar\u0131 birle\u015ftirilerek K, L cisminin g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc bulunur.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00d6zellikleri:<\/p>\n
Yans\u0131yan veya k\u0131r\u0131lan \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n kendileri kesi\u015firse g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc ger\u00e7ek, uzant\u0131lar\u0131 kesi\u015firse g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc zahir\u00ee (sanal) olur.<\/p>\n
Zahiri g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler her zaman g\u00f6r\u00fcnen g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerdir. Ger\u00e7ek g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler ise, perde \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclerek, de\u011fi\u015fik noktalardan g\u00f6r\u00fclebildi\u011fi gibi, ger\u00e7ek g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcden g\u00f6ze gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar nedeniyle de perde olmadan da g\u00f6r\u00fclebilirler.<\/p>\n
D\u00fczlem Aynada G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc ve \u00d6zellikleri:<\/p>\n
\u015eekildeki gibi noktasal bir cisimden \u00e7\u0131kan \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar, d\u00fczlem aynada yans\u0131yor ve uzant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kesi\u015fti\u011fi yerde g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc olu\u015fuyor.<\/p>\n
Buna g\u00f6re, d\u00fczlem aynada olu\u015fan g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc;<\/p>\n
Zahir\u00eedir.
\nAynaya olan uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, cismin aynaya olan uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na e\u015fittir.
\nBoyu, cismin boyuna e\u015fittir.
\nCisme g\u00f6re sa\u011fl\u0131 solludur. Sa\u011f elimiz, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn sol elidir.
\nAynaya g\u00f6re simetriktir.
\n Yukar\u0131daki \u015fekilde cismin aynaya dik uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoksa aynan\u0131n uzant\u0131s\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131r. K cisminin bu uzant\u0131ya g\u00f6re simetri\u011fi olan K’ g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc bulunur.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f Alan\u0131<\/p>\n
Bir d\u00fczlem aynan\u0131n iki kenar\u0131na g\u00f6zden g\u00f6nderilen \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar aynada yans\u0131r. Yans\u0131yan bu \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar ile ayna aras\u0131nda kalan alana g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131 denir. Bu yans\u0131yan \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7ti\u011fi noktalar ve bu \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar aras\u0131nda kalan noktalar\u0131 g\u00f6rebilmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Saydam olmayan k\u00fcresel cisimlerin g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerinin arkas\u0131nda kalan noktalar g\u00f6r\u00fclemeyebilir. Onun i\u00e7in g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131na bakarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilecek noktalar kesinlikle bunlard\u0131r diye s\u00f6ylemek hatal\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n
\u015eekilde G noktas\u0131ndan aynaya bakan bir g\u00f6z\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131n\u0131 bulurken, aynan\u0131n iki ucundan normaller \u00e7izilir. Gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fit a\u00e7\u0131 yaparak yans\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in, g\u00f6z\u00fcn normale dik olan uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirlenir. Yans\u0131yan \u0131\u015f\u0131n yine normalden e\u015fit dik uzakl\u0131k olan noktadan ge\u00e7er. \u015eekilde 1. \u0131\u015f\u0131n L noktas\u0131ndan, 2. \u0131\u015f\u0131n da S noktas\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ecek \u015fekilde yans\u0131r. G noktas\u0131n\u0131n aynadaki g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in nerelerden bak\u0131lmal\u0131 diye soruldu\u011funda, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131 i\u00e7inden bak\u0131lmal\u0131 cevab\u0131 verilir.<\/p>\n
Gelme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131ma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na e\u015fit \u00e7izebilmek i\u00e7in, aynan\u0131n normali hatas\u0131z \u00e7izilmelidir. \u015eekilde K aynas\u0131 birim karelerin k\u00f6\u015felerine yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ise, normal ile ayna aras\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n 90\u00b0 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir kare k\u00f6\u015fegeni birle\u015ftirilerek normaller \u00e7izilir. Yan yana iki kare k\u00f6\u015fesi birle\u015ftirilerek yerle\u015ftirilen L aynas\u0131n\u0131n normali, \u00fcst \u00fcste iki kare k\u00f6\u015fesi birle\u015ftirilerek bulunur.<\/p>\n
D\u00fczlem Aynada \u00d6zel Durumlar<\/p>\n
1. D\u00fczlem aynada ger\u00e7ek cismin g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc her zaman zahir\u00eedir. Cismin aynaya uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn aynaya uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, cismin boyu da g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn boyuna e\u015fittir.<\/p>\n
2. Bir d\u00fczlem aynaya gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frultusu de\u011fi\u015ftirilmeden, ayna a a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 kadar d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrse, yans\u0131yan \u0131\u015f\u0131n 2a kadar d\u00f6ner. \u015eekilde normal her zaman ayna ile 90\u00b0 lik a\u00e7\u0131 yapar. Ayna, a a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 kadar d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrse normal de a a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 kadar d\u00f6ner. Gelme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 a kadar b\u00fcy\u00fcr, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yans\u0131ma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 da a kadar b\u00fcy\u00fcr. Sonu\u00e7ta yans\u0131yan \u0131\u015f\u0131n 2a a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 kadar sapar.<\/p>\n
3. Bir d\u00fczlem ayna \u0131\u015f\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131na yakla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a gelme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yans\u0131ma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 da b\u00fcy\u00fcr. Bu da yans\u0131yan \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar aras\u0131ndaki alan\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi demektir. K\u0131sacas\u0131 d\u00fczlem ayna g\u00f6ze yakla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131 artar. Ayna g\u00f6zden uzakla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131 azal\u0131r. Veya d\u00fczlem aynaya yakla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131 artar, uzakla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131 azal\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4. Kesi\u015fen iki d\u00fczlem ayna aras\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131 a ise aynalar aras\u0131nda meydana gelen g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131,<\/p>\n
tane olur, <\/p>\n
Paralel iki d\u00fczlem ayna aras\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131 sonsuzdur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
OPT\u0130K I\u015f\u0131k Nedir? I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flarla tan\u0131r\u0131z. I\u015f\u0131k saydam ortamlarda yay\u0131l\u0131r. I\u015f\u0131k foton denilen taneciklerden olu\u015fur. Fotonlar\u0131n belirli bir dalga boyu vard\u0131r. Baz\u0131 fiziksel olaylarda tanecik, baz\u0131lar\u0131nda dalga yap\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6sterir. Belirli enerjileri vard\u0131r. I\u015f\u0131k Kaynaklar\u0131 Hangi ortamda olursa olsun, gece ve g\u00fcnd\u00fcz kendili\u011finden \u0131\u015f\u0131k yayarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen cisimlere \u0131\u015f\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131 denir. I\u015f\u0131k kaynaklar\u0131, yap\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[7084,7083,2730,7078,7079,7077,2740,7080,7082,7081],"class_list":["post-2940","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-duzlem-ayna","tag-goruntu-olusumu","tag-gunes","tag-isik-kaynaklari","tag-isik-nasil-yayilir","tag-isik-nedir","tag-optik","tag-tam-golge","tag-yansima","tag-yari-golge"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2940","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2940"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2940\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2940"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2940"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2940"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}