Maddenin kat\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131 ve gaz halinden ba\u015fka \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan, plazma olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc bir hali daha vard\u0131r.Y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lan gazlar \u00f6nce atomlar\u0131na ayr\u0131l\u0131r,atomdan d\u0131\u015f y\u00f6r\u00fcnge elektronlar\u0131n\u0131n kopmas\u0131 ile pozitif y\u00fckl\u00fc iyon olu\u015fur. Mesela azot molek\u00fcl\u00fc \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131rsa \u00f6nce azot atomu, sonrada azot iyonu olu\u015fur.Olay\u0131n denklemi N2(g)=2N=2N+ +2e \u015feklindedir. Burada molek\u00fcl, atom,iyon ve elektron bulunan bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m meydana gelir. Elektrik\u00e7e n\u00f6tr olan bu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m plazmad\u0131r. Plazma y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta olu\u015fabildi\u011fi gibi y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda da olu\u015fabilir.Y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7ta atomlar\u0131n elektron kabuklar\u0131 \u00e7eker.Serbest elektronlar ve \u00e7ekirdekten olu\u015fan plazma meydana gelir. Laboratuar \u015fartlar\u0131nda bu bas\u0131nca ula\u015f\u0131lamaz,ancak J\u00fcpiter gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck gezegenlerde bu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir. Gaz\u0131n iyonla\u015fma oran\u0131na g\u00f6re iki t\u00fcr plazma vard\u0131r:
\n 1)tam yada yar\u0131 tam iyonla\u015fm\u0131\u015f plazmalar: D\u00f6teryum ve Trityum gibi hafif \u00e7ekirdeklerin helyum \u00e7ekirdekleri vermek \u00fczere kayna\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131, termon\u00fckleer s\u0131cakl\u0131kta kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan bu t\u00fcr plazmalarda s\u0131cakl\u0131k bir ka\u00e7 milyon derecedir.Y\u0131ld\u0131zlar ve g\u00fcne\u015f buna \u00f6rnektir.
\n 2)k\u0131smi iyonla\u015fm\u0131\u015f plazmalar: iyonla\u015fma oran\u0131 ancak %50’yi ara s\u0131ra a\u015fan plazmalard\u0131r. S\u0131cakl\u0131k 2000 derece ile 10000 derece aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.K\u0131smi iyonla\u015fm\u0131\u015f plazmalar sanayide kullan\u0131l\u0131r.Gazlar yal\u0131tkan olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen plazma iletkendir.Buda sanayi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Sanayide kullan\u0131lan plazma \u015fu \u015fekilde elde edilir:
\n -Elektrik yay\u0131 metodu:elektrotlar\u0131 do\u011fru ak\u0131mla beslenen bir fener, bu elektrotlar ars\u0131nda olu\u015fturulan s\u00fcrekli bir elektrik yay\u0131ndan bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda ge\u00e7irilen bir gaz\u0131 plazma haline \u00e7evirir.Elektrotlar \u00fczerinde y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k olu\u015faca\u011f\u0131ndan, elektrotlar s\u00fcrekli \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n -Y\u00fcksek frekans plazmas\u0131:\u00e7ok y\u00fcksek frekansl\u0131 elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 ile elde edilir. plazma olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 istenen gaz \u00e7ok \u015fiddetli gerilim kayna\u011f\u0131 ile beslenen bir kangal\u0131n sar\u0131mlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndan ge\u00e7irilir.<\/p>\n
HAYAT KAYNAGI PLAZMA K\u00dcRES\u0130
\n I\u015f\u0131k ve su kaynag\u0131 olarak d\u00fcnyam\u0131zda hayat\u0131n devam\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan g\u00fcne\u015f dev bir plazma k\u00fcresidir. Bu dev plazma k\u00fcresinin \u00e7ekirdegindeki 15 milyon K’lik s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve kur\u015fundan 11k daha fazla olan yogunluk, termon\u00fckleer reaksiyonlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini sa\u011flar. Bu reaksiyonlarda \u00f6zetle hidrojen \u00e7ekirdekleri birle\u015ferek helyum \u00e7ekirdeklerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr ve muazzam bir enerji ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Ancak d\u00fcnyam\u0131za \u0131s\u0131 g\u00f6ndererek hayat\u0131n devam\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan \u0131\u015f\u0131kk\u00fcrenin s\u0131cakl\u0131g\u0131 ancak 6000k dir. Manyatosfer \u00f6rnegi plazman\u0131n bir \u00f6zelligini daha ortaya koyar ki buda plazmaya manyetik veya elektrik alan\u0131 ile etki edilebilmesidir. Plazma y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131mda veya kaynak ark\u0131nda oldugu gibi elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 olu\u015fturuyorsa etraf\u0131nda bir manyetik alan olu\u015facakt\u0131r. Bu manyetik alana yabanc\u0131 bir manyetik alanla tesir edilebilir. B\u00f6ylece plazmaya etkiyen kuvvetin y\u00f6n\u00fc degi\u015ftirebilir. Bu etki termik s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmada oldugu gibi t\u00fcm \u00e7evresinden yap\u0131larak plazman\u0131n kesitini k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcltmek de m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. B\u00f6ylece plazman\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131g\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olur ki \u00e7ekirdek f\u00fczyonu reakt\u00f6rlerinde bu yolla 250 milyon K’l\u0131k bir s\u0131cakl\u0131ga eri\u015filmi\u015ftir. Ancak bu reakt\u00f6rlerden yeterli par\u00e7ac\u0131k yogunluguna ula\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131g\u0131ndan hen\u00fcz hidrojeni helyuma \u00e7evirmek ve enerji \u00fcretmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eger bu yolla enerji \u00fcretmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olursa yak\u0131r olarak deniz suyunda olduk\u00e7a bol bulunan a\u011f\u0131r su kullan\u0131lacak ve b\u00f6ylece d\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki enerji ihtiyac\u0131 temiz bir \u015fekilde ucuz olarak kar\u015f\u0131lanabilecektir<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Maddenin kat\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131 ve gaz halinden ba\u015fka \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan, plazma olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc bir hali daha vard\u0131r.Y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lan gazlar \u00f6nce atomlar\u0131na ayr\u0131l\u0131r,atomdan d\u0131\u015f y\u00f6r\u00fcnge elektronlar\u0131n\u0131n kopmas\u0131 ile pozitif y\u00fckl\u00fc iyon olu\u015fur. Mesela azot molek\u00fcl\u00fc \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131rsa \u00f6nce azot atomu, sonrada azot iyonu olu\u015fur.Olay\u0131n denklemi N2(g)=2N=2N+ +2e \u015feklindedir. Burada molek\u00fcl, atom,iyon ve elektron bulunan …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[2230,2158,7138,2134,2218,2136,4551,7137,7139,2196,4998],"class_list":["post-2974","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-atom","tag-basinc","tag-doteryum","tag-elektron","tag-helyum","tag-hidrojen","tag-iyon","tag-maddenin-plazma-hali","tag-manyatosfer","tag-molekul","tag-trityum"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2974","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2974"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2974\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2974"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2974"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2974"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}