Fotoelektrik etki, herhangi bir kaynaktan yay\u0131lan \u0131\u015f\u0131k, mor \u00fcst\u00fc (ultraviole) \u0131\u015f\u0131n veya ba\u015fka herhangi bir \u00e7e\u015fit elektromanyetik dalgan\u0131n bir y\u00fczeye (genellikle metal y\u00fczeylere) \u00e7arpt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda enerjisini elektronlara aktarmas\u0131 ve sonucunda d\u0131\u015far\u0131 elektron yaymas\u0131d\u0131r. 1905’te Albert Einstein taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n Maxwell’in klasik dalga teorisine g\u00f6re yay\u0131lan elektronlar\u0131n enerjisi, \u00e7arpan \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u015fiddeti ile orant\u0131l\u0131 olmal\u0131yd\u0131. Ancak g\u00f6zlemler sonucu yay\u0131lan elektronlar\u0131n enerjilerinin \u0131\u015f\u0131k \u015fiddetinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Einstein, Planck’\u0131n foton hipotezinden yola \u00e7\u0131karak buna bir a\u00e7\u0131klama getirmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131k dalga de\u011fil, foton ad\u0131nda ve her biri E = hf (h=Planck sabiti, f=\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n frekans\u0131) enerjisine sahip par\u00e7ac\u0131klardan olu\u015fuyordu. Bu modele g\u00f6re \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u015fiddetini art\u0131rmak birim zamanda yay\u0131lan foton say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131yor, ancak frekans sabit oldu\u011fu s\u00fcrece her fotonun enerjisi de sabit kal\u0131yordu.
\n Bu etkinin tam tersi de g\u00f6zlenebilir. Bir elektron bir y\u00fczeye \u00e7arpt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman o y\u00fczey’den bir elektromanyetik dalga yay\u0131l\u0131r. E\u011fer Enerjinin Korunumu yasas\u0131n\u0131 bu durum i\u00e7in incelersek, \u015fu ili\u015fki ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar: \u00c7arp\u0131\u015fmadan \u00f6nceki toplam enerji=\u00c7arp\u0131\u0131\u015fmadan sonraki toplam enerji bunu \u015fu \u015fekilde yazabiliriz: Ke+i\u015f=hf Burada Ke, elektronun kinetik enerjisi, hf yay\u0131lan dalgan\u0131n enerjisi, ve i\u015f, maddeye \u00f6zg\u00fc bir sabit olan, elektronu madde’den d\u0131\u015far\u0131 atmak i\u00e7in gereken enerji’dir. Bu sabit \u00e7o\u011fu zaman \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in Ke = hf diyebiliriz. Buradaki hf’de, h Planck Sabiti, f ise dalga’n\u0131n frekans\u0131d\u0131r. Bu formul sayesinde bir elektron bir maddeye \u00e7arpt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan dalgan\u0131n frekans\u0131n\u0131, ya da bir dalga bir maddeye \u00e7arpt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman sa\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 elektron’un kinetik enerji’sini bulabiliriz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Fotoelektrik etki, herhangi bir kaynaktan yay\u0131lan \u0131\u015f\u0131k, mor \u00fcst\u00fc (ultraviole) \u0131\u015f\u0131n veya ba\u015fka herhangi bir \u00e7e\u015fit elektromanyetik dalgan\u0131n bir y\u00fczeye (genellikle metal y\u00fczeylere) \u00e7arpt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda enerjisini elektronlara aktarmas\u0131 ve sonucunda d\u0131\u015far\u0131 elektron yaymas\u0131d\u0131r. 1905’te Albert Einstein taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Maxwell’in klasik dalga teorisine g\u00f6re yay\u0131lan elektronlar\u0131n enerjisi, \u00e7arpan \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u015fiddeti ile orant\u0131l\u0131 olmal\u0131yd\u0131. Ancak g\u00f6zlemler sonucu yay\u0131lan …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[5181,7153,2134,7152,2161,4255],"class_list":["post-2984","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-albert-einstein","tag-elektromanyetik-dalga","tag-elektron","tag-fotoelektrik-etki","tag-kinetik-enerji","tag-ultraviole"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2984","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2984"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2984\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2984"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2984"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2984"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}